Psychology Wiki
Register
Advertisement

Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences | Personality | Philosophy | Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |

Philosophy Index: Aesthetics · Epistemology · Ethics · Logic · Metaphysics · Consciousness · Philosophy of Language · Philosophy of Mind · Philosophy of Science · Social and Political philosophy · Philosophies · Philosophers · List of lists


Efez Celsus Library 3 RB

Personification of wisdom (in Greek, "Σοφια") at the Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey.

File:AllegoryWisdomStrength.PNG

Detail from the Allegory of Wisdom and Strength by Paolo Veronese (c. 1580).

Wisdom, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is defined as the "1 a: Accumulated philosophic or scientific learning-knowledge; b: Ability to discern inner qualities and relationships-insight; c: Good sense-judgment d: Generally accepted belief 2: A wise attitude, belief, or course of action. 3: The teachings of the ancient wise men"[1].

Most psychologists regard wisdom as distinct from the cognitive abilities measured by standardized intelligence tests. Wisdom is often considered to be a trait that can be developed by experience, but not taught. When applied to practical matters, the term wisdom is synonymous with prudence. Some see wisdom as a quality that even a child, otherwise immature, may possess independent of experience or complete knowledge. The status of wisdom or prudence as a virtue is recognized in cultural, philosophical and religious sources. Some define wisdom in a utilitarian sense, as foreseeing consequences and acting to maximize the long-term common good.[How to reference and link to summary or text]

As such, in general, wisdom is looked at his/her ideals and principles that govern all actions and decisions. Applications of personal wisdom include one's ethical and social guidelines in life that determines one’s unique style of personality, the particular nature of short and long-term goal(s) pursued in life (spiritual or materialistic for example), perspective on life, social attitudes, etc.

Philosophical perspectives[]

A standard philosophical definition says that wisdom consists of making the best use of available knowledge. As with any decision, a wise decision may be made with incomplete information[How to reference and link to summary or text]. The technical philosophical term for the opposite of wisdom is folly.[How to reference and link to summary or text]

In his Metaphysics, Aristotle defines wisdom as knowledge of causes: why things exist in a particular fashion.

In addition to experience there are a variety of other avenues to gaining wisdom. For example, Freethinkers and others believe that wisdom may come from pure reason and perhaps experience, while others believe that it comes from intuition or spirituality.[How to reference and link to summary or text]

Beginning with the ancient Greeks, European culture associates wisdom with virtue. Metis and Athene are associated with wisdom from earliest times. For example, many philosophers talk about the virtue of wisdom in relation to courage and moderation, and in the Roman Catholic church, wisdom (Prudence) stands with justice, fortitude and moderation as one of the four cardinal virtues. Plato's dialogues mention the virtue of wisdom, as knowledge about the Good and the courage to act accordingly. The Good would be about the right relations between all that exists. The Good, as a Platonic Form, would involve the perfect ideas of good government, love, friendship, community, and a right relation to the Divine. Perhaps the search or love of wisdom is more important than any proven claim. Socrates only claimed to know that he did not know, but this he was very certain of, and he showed the many contradictions in the claims of his fellow citizens[How to reference and link to summary or text].

Holists believe that wise people sense, work with and align themselves and others to life. In this view, wise people help others appreciate the fundamental interconnectedness of life[How to reference and link to summary or text].

Thoreau believed that “it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things[How to reference and link to summary or text].”

Nicholas Maxwell, a modern philosopher, argued that the basic aim of academic inquiry ought to be to seek and promote wisdom — wisdom being construed to be the capacity to realize what is of value in life for oneself and others, wisdom thus including knowledge and technological know-how, but much else besides.[2]

Scientific perspectives[]

Some may find the scientific method[3] to be a satisfactory path to a goal of gaining wisdom.

Psychological perspectives[]

Psychologists have gathered data on commonly held beliefs or folk theories about wisdom.[4] These analyses indicate that although "there is an overlap of the implicit theory of wisdom with intelligence, perceptiveness, spirituality and shrewdness, it is evident that wisdom is a distinct term and not a composite of other terms."[5]

Personality theorist Erik Erikson related wisdom to the last stage of his eight-stage theory of psychosocial development. Erikson's theory spans the entire lifespan and frames each stage in the form of internally-generated questions or tensions. Erikson claimed that in the last stage of human development, from approximately 65 years to death, individuals must resolve a psychological conflict between integrity and despair. He proposed that attaining wisdom is a favorable resolution and product of this conflict.

Strength here takes the form of that detached yet active concern with life bounded by death, which we call wisdom… Not that each man can evolve wisdom for himself… To whatever abyss ultimate concerns may lead individual men, man as a psychological creature will face, toward the end of his life, a new edition of the identity crisis which we may state by the words 'I am what survives me'.[6]

Thus, within Eriksonian theory, wisdom universally surfaces as an optimal potential outcome of the human experience.

In the 1970s, Vivian Clayton pioneered the academic study of wisdom. Clayton "is generally recognized as the first psychologist to ask, in even faintly scientific terms, 'What does wisdom mean, and how does age affect it?'"[7] Clayton's work caught the attention of Paul Baltes, who later founded the Berlin Wisdom Project at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, Germany. Another wisdom researcher, sociologist Monika Ardelt, has developed a "Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale", a test that individuals can take for a numerical assessment of their wisdom on a scale of one to five. The number of academic publications about wisdom increased significantly from 1984 to 2000. Nevertheless, according to Jacqui Smith, one of Baltes's collaborators, the subject is not completely accepted in academia.[8]

Religious perspectives[]

Wikiquote-logo-en
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Some religions have specific teachings relating to wisdom. In Mesopotamian Religion and Mythology Enki, also known as Ea, was the God of wisdom and intelligence. Wisdom was achieved by restoring balance.

In Islam, according to the Qur'an Prophet Muhammed was chosen by God to represent his wisdom. The Prophet Muhammad said that: "Fearing God in your actions and intentions, and knowing that Almighty God is watching you wherever and whenever you are is the head/peak of wisdom"[How to reference and link to summary or text]. In addition, Islam also mentions that a wise man with the name of Luqman once told his son to: "Sit with the learned men and keep close to them. Allah gives life to the hearts with the light of wisdom as Allah gives life to the dead earth with the abundant rain of the sky"[1].

In the Christian Bible, the magi (or "wise men") are sent by God to give the newly born Jesus three types of gifts. Wisdom is also represented by the sense of justice of the lawful and wise king [Solomon, who asks God for wisdom in 1 Kings 3. Proverbs 9:10 says: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," and 8:13 "To fear the Lord is to hate evil;" There is an oppositional element in Christian thought between secular wisdom and Godly wisdom. The apostle Paul states that worldly wisdom thinks the claims of Christ to be foolishness. However, to those who are being saved Christ represents the wisdom of God. (1 Corinthians 1:17-31) Also, Wisdom is one of the Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit.

The seventh verse of the first chapter of the Jewish Proverbs states "Fear of God is the beginning of Wisdom" (Proverbs 1:7). The beginning of fear of God is hating evil, the ways of evil, arrogance, pride and a duplicitous mouth (Proverbs).

Confucius stated that wisdom can be learned by three methods: Reflection (the noblest), imitation (the easiest) and experience (the bitterest). According to "Doctrine of the Mean," Confucius also said, "Love of learning is akin to wisdom. To practice with vigor is akin to humanity. To know to be shameful is akin to courage (zhi,ren,yi..three of Mengzi's sprouts of virtue)." Compare this with the beginning of the Confucian classic "Great Learning" which begins with "The Way of learning to be great consists in manifesting the clear character, loving the people, and abiding in the highest good" one can clearly see the correlation with the Roman virtue "prudence," especially if one transliterates clear character as clear conscience. (Quotes from Chan's Sources of Chinese Philosophy).

Buddha taught that a wise person is endowed with good bodily conduct, good verbal conduct & good mental conduct (AN3:2) and a wise person does actions that are unpleasant to do but give good results and doesn’t do actions that are pleasant to do but give bad results (AN4:115). This is called karma. The Buddha has much to say on the subject of wisdom including:

  • He who arbitrates a case by force does not thereby become just (established in Dhamma). But the wise man is he who carefully discriminates between right and wrong.[9]
  • He who leads others by nonviolence, righteously and equitably, is indeed a guardian of justice, wise and righteous.[10]
  • One is not wise merely because he talks much. But he who is calm, free from hatred and fear, is verily called a wise man.[11]
  • By quietude alone one does not become a sage (muni) if he is foolish and ignorant. But he who, as if holding a pair of scales, takes the good and shuns the evil, is a wise man; he is indeed a muni by that very reason. He who understands both good and evil as they really are, is called a true sage.[12]

In Taoism Practical Wisdom may be described as knowing what to say and when to say it.

See also[]

References[]

  1. Wisdom, Merriam-Webſter.
  2. MAXWELL, Nicholas.
  3. William Stanley Jevons (1873, 1877) The Principles of Science: a treatise on logic and scientific method Dover edition, with a new preface by Ernest Nagel (1958)
  4. Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 607–62.
  5. Brown, S. C., & Greene, J. A. (2006). The Wisdom Development Scale: Translating the conceptual to the concrete. Journal of College Student Development, 47, 1–19.
  6. Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis (pp. 140–41). New York: Norton.
  7. Hall, Stephen S. (May 6, 2007), "The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis", The New York Times Magazine: 61, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html?ex=1336104000&en=4b4959cf047f61fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss 
  8. Hall, Stephen S. (May 6, 2007), "The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis", The New York Times Magazine: 62, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/magazine/06Wisdom-t.html?ex=1336104000&en=4b4959cf047f61fe&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss 
  9. Dhammapada v.256
  10. Dhammapada v.257
  11. Dhammapada v.258
  12. Dhammapada v.268-9


Further reading[]

  • Abeles, N. (2007). Ethics, wisdom, and common sense: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 52 (38), 2007.
  • Absey, J. (2005). Review of Wisdom in the body: The craniosacral approach to essential health: Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health Vol 20(2) Win 2005, 177-179.
  • Absey, J. (2006). Review of Wisdom in the Body: The Craniosacral Approach to Essential Health: Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health Vol 21(1) Fal 2006, 96-99.
  • Address, R. F. (2005). Review of Getting home before dark: Stories of wisdom for all ages: Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging Vol 18(1) 2005, 98-100.
  • Allen, C. N. (1935). Wish and Wisdom; Episodes in the Vagaries of Belief: The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology Vol 30(3) Oct 1935, 397-398.
  • Allen, J. G. (2004). Review of The wisdom in feeling: Psychological processes in emotional intelligence: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Vol 68(3) Sum 2004, 260.
  • Allison, E. T. (2007). Wisdom and loss: The role of life loss in the lives of nurses thought to be wise. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Ambrosius, M. (2002). Wisdom: A positive aspect of aging. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Anderson, B. J. (1999). Development of wisdom-related knowledge in adolescence and young adulthood. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Anderson, D. D. (1992). Questioning the conventional wisdom and critiquing unconventional perspectives in abnormal psychology: A written exercise: Teaching of Psychology Vol 19(4) Dec 1992, 230-232.
  • Ardelt, M. (1995). Wisdom in the later years: A life course approach to successful aging. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Ardelt, M. (1997). Wisdom and life satisfaction in old age: Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Vol 52B(1) Jan 1997, P15-P27.
  • Ardelt, M. (2000). Antecedents and effects of wisdom in old age: A longitudinal perspective on aging well: Research on Aging Vol 22(4) Jul 2000, 360-394.
  • Ardelt, M. (2000). Intellectual versus wisdom-related knowledge: The case for a different kind of learning in the later years of life: Educational Gerontology Vol 26(8) Dec 2000, 771-789.
  • Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale: Research on Aging Vol 25(3) May 2003, 275-324.
  • Ardelt, M. (2004). Where Can Wisdom Be Found? A Reply to the Commentaries by Baltes and Kunzmann, Sternberg, and Achenbaum: Human Development Vol 47(5) Sep-Oct 2004, 304-307.
  • Ardelt, M. (2004). Wisdom as Expert Knowledge System: A Critical Review of a Contemporary Operationalization of an Ancient Concept: Human Development Vol 47(5) Sep-Oct 2004, 257-285.
  • Ardelt, M. (2008). Wisdom, religiosity, purpose in life, and death attitudes of aging adults: Tomer, Adrian (Ed); Eliason, Grafton T (Ed); Wong, Paul T P (Ed).
  • Ardelt, M.; Oh, H. (2010) Wisdom: Definition, assessment, and relation to successful cognitive and emotional aging. In Depp, Colin A [Ed]; Jeste, Dilip V [Ed]. (2010). Successful cognitive and emotional aging. (pp. 87-113). xxi, 419 pp. Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; US.
  • Arnkil, T. E. (2006). Commentary: On Wisdom: Family Process Vol 45(1) Mar 2006, 133-137.
  • Askenazi-Gerson, J. (1992). On a word of wisdom: Psychanalyse a l'Universite Vol 17(67) Jul 1992, 61-64.
  • Aslan, A. (2005). Wisdom As a Subject of Psychological Studies: Turk Psikoloji Yazilari Vol 8(15) Jun 2005, 1-9.
  • Assmann, A. (1994). Wholesome knowledge: Concepts of wisdom in a historical and cross-cultural perspective. Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Aubrey, R., & Cohen, P. M. (1995). Working wisdom: Timeless skills and vanguard strategies for learning organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Averbeck, R. E. (2006). Creation and Corruption, Redemption and Wisdom: A Biblical Theology Foundation for Counseling Psychology: Journal of Psychology and Christianity Vol 25(2) Sum 2006, 111-126.
  • Baer, S. M., Hoffamann, A. C., & Sheikh, A. A. (2003). Healing images: Connecting with inner wisdom. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Co.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Freund, A. M. (2003). Human strengths as the orchestration of wisdom and selective optimization with compensation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Freund, A. M. (2003). The intermarriage of wisdom and selective optimization with compensation: Two meta-heuristics guiding the conduct of life. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Baltes, P. B., Gluck, J., & Kunzmann, U. (2002). Wisdom: Its structure and function in regulating successful life span development. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Kunzmann, U. (2003). Wisdom: The Psychologist Vol 16(3) Mar 2003, 131-133.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Kunzmann, U. (2004). The Two Faces of Wisdom: Wisdom as a General Theory of Knowledge and Judgment about Excellence in Mind and Virtue vs. Wisdom as Everyday Realization in People and Products: Human Development Vol 47(5) Sep-Oct 2004, 290-299.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (1990). Wisdom and its development: Prolegomena to a psychological theory of wisdom: Zeitschrift fur Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie Vol 22(2) 1990, 95-135.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2008). The fascination of wisdom: Its nature, ontogeny, and function: Perspectives on Psychological Science Vol 3(1) Jan 2008, 56-64.
  • Baltes, P. B., Smith, J., & Staudinger, U. M. (1992). Wisdom and successful aging. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (1993). The search for a psychology of wisdom: Current Directions in Psychological Science Vol 2(3) Jun 1993, 75-80.
  • Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom: A metaheuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence: American Psychologist Vol 55(1) Jan 2000, 122-136.
  • Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M., Maercker, A., & Smith, J. (1995). People nominated as wise: A comparative study of wisdom-related knowledge: Psychology and Aging Vol 10(2) Jun 1995, 155-166.
  • Bankart, C. P. (2006). Treating Anger with Wisdom and Compassion: A Buddhist Approach. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Barnett, H. J. M. (2005). Conventional wisdom vs reality in stroke prevention: Neurology Vol 64(7) Apr 2005, 1122-1124.
  • Barretta, P., & Barretta, N. (2006). Review of The Wisdom of Milton H. Erickson: The Complete Volume: American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Vol 49(1) Jul 2006, 73-74.
  • Bassett, C. L. (2006). Laughing at Gilded Butterflies: Integrating Wisdom, Development, and Learning. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Bates, C. A. (1994). Wisdom: A postmodern exploration. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Bauer, G. P. (1990). Wit and wisdom in dynamic psychotherapy. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
  • Bauer, J. (2007). Review of The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom: The Journal of Positive Psychology Vol 2(1) 2007, 76-78.
  • Bayer, B. (2001). Values, wisdom, beliefs, and directions: Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving Vol 11(1) Apr 2001, 73-80.
  • Benton, S., & Giovagnoli, M. (2006). The wisdom network: An 8-step process for identifying, sharing and leveraging individual expertise. New York, NY: Amacom.
  • Bianchi, E. (2005). Living with Elder Wisdom: Journal of Gerontological Social Work Vol 45(3) 2005, 319-329.
  • Birren, J. E., & Svensson, C. M. (2005). Wisdom in History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Blanchard-Fields, F., Brannan, J. R., & Camp, C. J. (1987). Alternative conceptions of wisdom: An onion-peeling exercise: Educational Gerontology Vol 13(6) 1987, 497-503.
  • Blechman, E. A. (1982). Conventional wisdom about familial contributions to substance abuse: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Vol 9(1) 1982, 35-53.
  • Bluck, S., & Gluck, J. (2005). From the Inside Out: People's Implicit Theories of Wisdom. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bluck, S., & Glueck, J. (2004). Making Things Better and Learning a Lesson: Experiencing Wisdom Across the Lifespan: Journal of Personality Vol 72(3) Jun 2004, 543-572.
  • Bransford, J. D., Franks, J. J., Vye, N. J., & Sherwood, R. D. (1989). New approaches to instruction: Because wisdom can't be told. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brennan, R. L. (1995). The conventional wisdom about group mean scores: Journal of Educational Measurement Vol 32(4) Win 1995, 385-396.
  • Brewer, M. D., Kersh, R., & Petersen, R. E. (2003). Assessing conventional wisdom about religion and politics: A preliminary view from the pews: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion Vol 42(1) Mar 2003, 125-136.
  • Brink, N. (2003). Review of Dream Wisdom: Uncovering Life's Answers in Your Dreams: Imagination, Cognition and Personality Vol 23(2-3) 2003-2004, 248-251.
  • Brown, S. C. (2000). Learning across the campus: How college facilitates the development of wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Brown, S. C. (2004). Learning Across the Campus: How College Facilitates the Development of Wisdom: Journal of College Student Development Vol 45(2) Mar-Apr 2004, 134-148.
  • Brown, S. C., & Greene, J. A. (2006). The Wisdom Development Scale: Translating the Conceptual to the Concrete: Journal of College Student Development Vol 47(1) Jan-Feb 2006, 1-19.
  • Brown, W. S. (2000). Understanding wisdom: Sources, science, & society. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Brown, W. S. (2000). Wisdom and human neurocognitive systems: Perceiving and practicing the laws of life. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Brown, W. S. (2005). Discussion: Seven Pillars of the House of Wisdom. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brugman, G. M. (2006). Wisdom and Aging. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Buss, D. M. (2001). Cognitive biases and emotional wisdom in the evolution of conflict between the sexes: Current Directions in Psychological Science Vol 10(6) Dec 2001, 219-223.
  • Capacchione, L. (2001). The power of your other hand: A course in channeling the inner wisdom of the right brain. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books.
  • Carter, M. J. (2004). Reasoning for wisdom in emotional education. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Chauchard, P. (1979). Cerebral control and attention: Science and wisdom: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol 31(1-4) 1979, 334-343.
  • Chemsi, Z. B., & Natahi, O. (1991). Femininity and the question of wisdom in the Arab-Moslem civilization: Psychanalystes No 40 Oct 1991, 71-76.
  • Clayton, V. (1975). Erikson's theory of human development as it applies to the aged: Wisdom as contradictive cognition: Human Development Vol 18(1-2) 1975, 119-128.
  • Clayton, V. (1982). Wisdom and intelligence: The nature and function of knowledge in the later years: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 15(4) 1982, 315-321.
  • Col, N. F. (2007). Using Internet technologies to improve and simplify counseling about menopause: The WISDOM website: Maturitas Vol 57(1) May 2007, 95-99.
  • Coleman, M. G. (2003). African American Popular Wisdom Versus the Qualification Question: Is Affirmative Action Merit-based? : Western Journal of Black Studies Vol 27(1) Spr 2003, 35-44.
  • Connelly, M. S. (1996). Exploring the relationships of creative problem-solving skills and wisdom to leadership. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Cooper-White, P. (2006). Shared Wisdom: Use of the Self in Pastoral Care and Counseling (Person, Culture, and Religion Group, American Academy of Religion, November 18, 2005): Pastoral Psychology Vol 55(2) Nov 2006, 233-241.
  • Craft, A. (2006). Fostering creativity with wisdom: Cambridge Journal of Education Vol 36(3) Sep 2006, 337-350.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Nakamura, J. (2005). The Role of Emotions in the Development of Wisdom. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Daiute, C., Buteau, E., & Rawlins, C. (2001). Social-relational wisdom: Developmental diversity in children's written narratives about social conflict: Narrative Inquiry Vol 11(2) 2001, 277-306.
  • Daleiden, E. L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2005). From Data to Wisdom: Quality Improvement Strategies Supporting Large-scale Implementation of Evidence-Based Services: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America Vol 14(2) Apr 2005, 329-349.
  • Damon, W. (2000). Setting the stage for the development of wisdom: Self-understanding and moral identity during adolescence. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Davies, S. (2004). Review of The Wisdom in Feeling: Psychological Processes in Emotional Intelligence: Personnel Psychology Vol 57(2) Sum 2004, 511-514.
  • Defilippo, B. J. (1996). The social construction of wisdom judgments. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Deming, N., Fryer-Edwards, K., Dudzinski, D., Starks, H., Culver, J., Hopley, E., et al. (2007). Incorporating Principles and Practical Wisdom in Research Ethics Education: A Preliminary Study: Academic Medicine Vol 82(1) Jan 2007, 18-23.
  • Depraz, N. (2001). The Husserlian theory of intersubjectivity as Alterology: Emergent theories and wisdom traditions in the light of genetic phenomenology. Charlottesville, VA: Imprint Academic.
  • Dipalma, L. M. (2004). Shades of wisdom: Portraits of attachment in families at risk. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Dittman-Kohli, F., & Baltes, P. B. (1990). Toward a neofunctionalist conception of adult intellectual development: Wisdom as a prototypical case of intellectual growth. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Dittmann-Kohli, F. (1984). Wisdom as a possible result of intellectual development in adulthood: Sprache & Kognition Vol 3(2) Apr 1984, 112-132.
  • Douglas, C. (2006). The old woman's daughter: Transformative wisdom for men and women. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
  • Dussutour, A., Simpson, S. J., Despland, E., & Colasurdo, N. (2007). When the group denies individual nutritional wisdom: Animal Behaviour Vol 74(4) Oct 2007, 931-939.
  • Dybicz, P. (2004). An Inquiry Into Practice Wisdom: Families in Society Vol 85(2) Apr-Jun 2004, 197-203.
  • Edmondson, R. (2005). Wisdom in later life: Ethnographic approaches: Ageing & Society Vol 25(3) May 2005, 339-356.
  • Etheredge, L. S. (1992). Wisdom and good judgment in politics: Political Psychology Vol 13(3) Sep 1992, 497-516.
  • Etheredge, L. S. (2005). Wisdom in Public Policy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Evans, C. S. (1992). Developing wisdom in Christian psychologists: Journal of Psychology & Theology Vol 20(2) Sum 1992, 110-118.
  • Farber, B. A. (2007). Rock 'n' roll wisdom: What psychologically astute lyrics teach about life and love. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Farrell, A. H. (1999). The cognitive dynamics that underlie the formation of perceptions of wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Fasullo, S. (2006). To be old. Identity and transformation of the narcissist worthiness in "wisdom." Psichiatria e Psicoterapia Vol 25(1) Mar 2006, 32-35.
  • Federici-Nebbiosi, S. (2007). The wisdom of sharing a frame: Commentary on papers by Anthony Bass and Ilanda Laor: Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol 17(1) Jan-Feb 2007, 47-57.
  • Ferguson, B. T. (2005). Common Sense and Collective Wisdom: A Starting Point: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 50 (34), 2005.
  • Fins, J. J. (2006). A palliative ethic of care: Clinical wisdom at life's end. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
  • Firestone, R. W., Firestone, L. A., & Catlett, J. (2003). Creating a life of meaning and compassion: The wisdom of psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Fishbane, E. P. (2007). Wisdom, balance, healing: Reflections on mind and body in an early Hasidic text. Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.
  • Fleenor, J. W. (2006). Review of The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economics, Societies and Nations: Personnel Psychology Vol 59(4) Win 2006, 982-985.
  • Fletcher, W. N. (2006). Countertransference and Large Group Dynamics in the church: Reflections on Pamela Cooper-White's, Shared wisdom: Use of the self in pastoral care and counseling: Pastoral Psychology Vol 55(2) Nov 2006, 205-211.
  • Fontaine, C. (1984). Brightening up the mindworks: Concepts of instruction in biblical wisdom and Rinzai Zen: Religious Education Vol 79(4) Fal 1984, 590-600.
  • Fowers, B. J. (2003). Reason and human finitude: In praise of practical wisdom: American Behavioral Scientist Vol 47(4) Dec 2003, 415-426.
  • Fowers, B. J. (2005). Practical Wisdom as the Heart of Professional Ethics. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Fowers, B. J. (2005). Practical Wisdom: The Heart of Virtue and Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Fox, N. J., Dolman, E. A., Lane, P., O-Rourke, A. J., & Roberts, C. (1999). The WISDOM project: Training primary care professionals in informatics in a collaborative 'virtual classroom.' Medical Education Vol 33(5) May 1999, 365-370.
  • Fry, P. S. (1998). The development of personal meaning and wisdom in adolescence: A reexamination of moderating and consolidating factors and influences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Furrow, J. L., & Wagener, L. M. (2000). Lessons learned: The role of religion in the development of wisdom in adolescence. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Gallagher, S. (2007). Moral agency, self-consciousness, and practical wisdom: Ikaheimo, Heikki (Ed); Laitinen, Arto (Ed).
  • Garcia, L., & Pelechano, V. (2004). Western traditional wisdom philosophies and personality: A preliminary study: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 30(134) 2004, 949-962.
  • Gardin, M. R. (1997). Wisdom and faith: An empirical analysis of Deirdre Kramer's and James Fowler's models of development. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Garrett, R. (1996). Wisdom as the key to a better world. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Gasper, K., & Bramesfeld, K. D. (2006). Imparting wisdom: Magda Arnold's contribution to research on emotion and motivation: Cognition & Emotion Vol 20(7) Nov 2006, 1001-1026.
  • Geiger, R. (2001). Nurturing for wisdom and compassion: Influencing those who influence. Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press.
  • Giacomo, P. D., Carrieri, G., Storelli, M., Mele, O., Giacomo, A. D., Morreale, M., et al. (2004). The wheel of wisdom with depressed inpatients. New York, NY: Haworth Press.
  • Gilbert, L. A. (1995). Review of Leaving Abusive Partners: From the Scars of Survival to the Wisdom for Change: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 40 (1), Jan, 1995.
  • Gilfoy, H. (2006). Review of Voices from the Spectrum: Parents, Grandparents, Siblings, People with Autism, and Professionals Share Their Wisdom: Autism Vol 10(6) Nov 2006, 643-644.
  • Gilstrap, L. L., & Ceci, S. J. (2001). Difficulties Inherent in Integrating Clinical Wisdom and Empirical Research in Forensic Interviews: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 46 (2), Apr, 2001.
  • Gluck, J., & Baltes, P. B. (2006). Using the Concept of Wisdom to Enhance the Expression of Wisdom Knowledge: Not the Philosopher's Dream but Differential Effects of Developmental Preparedness: Psychology and Aging Vol 21(4) Dec 2006, 679-690.
  • Gluck, J., Bluck, S., Baron, J., & McAdams, D. P. (2005). The wisdom of experience: Autobiographical narratives across adulthood: International Journal of Behavioral Development Vol 29(3) May 2005, 197-208.
  • Goldstein, H. (1990). The knowledge base of social work practice: Theory, wisdom, analogue, or art? : Families in Society Vol 71(1) Jan 1990, 32-43.
  • Greenberg, L. (2005). Review of The Wisdom in Feeling: Psychological Processes in Emotional Intelligence: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol 19(1) Spr 2005, 88-90.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Coaching for emotional wisdom in couples. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Greenleaf, R. (2004). Review of The Sacred Mirror: Nondual wisdom & psychotherapy: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology Vol 36(2) 2004, 220-222.
  • Grimwade, J. (2004). Review of Modern Psychology and Ancient Wisdom: Psychological Healing Practices from the World's Religious Traditions: Journal of Family Studies Vol 10(2) Oct 2004, 292.
  • Grove, D. (2004). Review of Healing through the dark emotions: The wisdom of grief, fear, and despair: Canadian Journal of Counselling Vol 38(4) Oct 2004, 304-305.
  • Grunebaum, H. (2006). On Wisdom: Family Process Vol 45(1) Mar 2006, 117-132.
  • Gullickson, T., & Ramser, P. (1996). Review of Roads Home: Seven Pathways to Midlife Wisdom: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 41 (8), Aug, 1996.
  • Haidt, J. (2006). The happiness hypothesis: Finding modern truth in ancient wisdom. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Halpern, D. F. (2001). Why wisdom? : Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 253-256.
  • Halverson, R. (2004). Accessing, Documenting, and Communicating Practical Wisdom: The Phronesis of School Leadership Practice: American Journal of Education Vol 111(1) Nov 2004, 90-121.
  • Hanna, F. J. (2002). Reducing therapist interference and increasing therapeutic wisdom. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Hanna, F. J., & Ottens, A. J. (1995). The role of wisdom in psychotherapy: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration Vol 5(3) Sep 1995, 195-219.
  • Harle, T. (2005). Serenity, courage and wisdom changing competencies for leadership: Business Ethics: A European Review Vol 14(4) Oct 2005, 348-358.
  • Harris, P. B., & Keady, J. (2008). Wisdom, resilience and successful aging: Changing public discourses on living with dementia: Dementia: The International Journal of Social Research and Practice Vol 7(1) Feb 2008, 5-8.
  • Harrow, J. (2005). Modern Psychology and Ancient Wisdom: Psychological Healing Practices From the World's Religious Traditions: Counseling and Values Vol 50(1) Oct 2005, 78-79.
  • Hartman, P. S. (2001). Women developing wisdom: Antecedents and correlates in a longitudinal sample. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Hartmann, G. W. (1947). Review of Wisdom and responsibility--An essay on the motivation of thought and action: Psychological Bulletin Vol 44(2) Mar 1947, 188-189.
  • Hartmann, L. (2003). Review of Wisdom in the Practice of Psychotherapy: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 160(8) Aug 2003, 1529.
  • Hassel, C. A. (2006). Woodlands Wisdom: A Nutrition Program Interfacing Indigenous and Biomedical Epistemologies: Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior Vol 38(2) Mar-Apr 2006, 114-120.
  • Havens, R. A. (2003). The wisdom of Milton H. Erickson. Norwalk, CT: Crown House Publishing Limited.
  • Haverkamp, B. E. (1992). Common Clinical Wisdom for Beginning Therapists: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 37 (2), Feb, 1992.
  • Hershey, D. A., & Farrell, A. H. (1997). Perceptions of wisdom associated with selected occupations and personality characteristics: Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social Vol 16(2) Sum 1997, 115-130.
  • Hira, F. J. (1997). Comparisons of human service professional and layperson evaluations on the presence of wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Hira, F. J., & Faulkender, P. J. (1997). Perceiving wisdom: Do age and gender play a part? : International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 44(2) 1997, 85-101.
  • Holliday, S. G., & Chandler, M. J. (1986). Wisdom: Explorations in adult competence: Contributions to Human Development Vol 17 1986, 100.
  • Holmes, B. J. (1986). Do not buy the conventional wisdom: Minority teachers can pass the tests: Journal of Negro Education Vol 55(3) Sum 1986, 335-346.
  • Honeck, R. P., & Welge, J. (1997). Creation of proverbial wisdom in the laboratory: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research Vol 26(6) Nov 1997, 605-629.
  • Horn, J. L., & Masunaga, H. (2000). On the emergence of wisdom: Expertise development. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Huang, B.-H. (2000). Exploring oriental wisdom: Self-transcendence and psychological well-being of adulthood in Taiwan. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Hunter, R. J. (2006). Pastoral Theological Reflections on Pamela Cooper-White's Shared Wisdom: Use of the Self in Pastoral Care and Counseling: Pastoral Psychology Vol 55(2) Nov 2006, 213-216.
  • Hutchison, J. F. S. W. (1999). Elder and wiser women: The relationship of spirituality, personality, and emotional health to wisdom in octogenarian and nonagenarian women. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Hutter, D. M. (2000). Weaving the fabric of culture: The emergence of personal and collective wisdom in young adults participating in a wilderness rite of passage. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Jacofsky, M. D. (2006). Conventional Wisdom? : PsycCRITIQUES Vol 51 (3), 2006.
  • Jason, L. A., Reichler, A., King, C., Madsen, D., Camacho, J., & Marchese, W. (2001). The measurement of wisdom: A preliminary effort: Journal of Community Psychology Vol 29(5) Sep 2001, 585-598.
  • Jenkins, S. K., & Thomas, M. B. (2005). Thought for Application and Application with Thought: Issues in Theoretical Thinking and Practical Wisdom: Advances in Health Sciences Education Vol 10(2) Jun 2005, 115-123.
  • Jennings, P. A. (2004). The role of personality, stress, and coping in the development of wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Jennings, P. A., Aldwin, C. M., Levenson, M. R., Spiro, A., III, & Mroczek, D. K. (2006). Combat Exposure, Perceived Benefits of Military Service, and Wisdom in Later Life: Findings From the Normative Aging Study: Research on Aging Vol 28(1) Jan 2006, 115-134.
  • Johnson, D. J. (2003). The psychology of wisdom: Evaluation and analysis of theory. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Johnson, M. D., & Hollenbeck, J. R. (2007). Collective wisdom as an oxymoron: Team-based structures as impediments to learning: Langan-Fox, Janice (Ed); Cooper, Cary L (Ed); Klimoski, Richard J (Ed).
  • Jordan, J. (2005). The Quest for Wisdom in Adulthood: A Psychological Perspective. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Josselson, R. (2000). Relationship as a path to integrity, wisdom, and meaning. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Junn, E. (1994). "Pearls of wisdom": Enhancing student class participation with an innovative exercise: Journal of Instructional Psychology Vol 21(4) Dec 1994, 385-387.
  • Kalyuga, S. (2006). Review of A Handbook of Wisdom: Psychological Perspectives: Educational Psychology Vol 26(5) Oct 2006, 709-711.
  • Karasu, T. B. (1992). Wisdom in the practice of psychotherapy. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Karlin, R. A. (2002). Advice and consent: Demand characteristics, ritual, and the transmission of practical wisdom in the clinical context: Prevention & Treatment Vol 5(1) Oct 2002, No Pagination Specified.
  • Kekes, J. (1995). Moral wisdom and good lives. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Kelman, H. (1998). Psychoanalytic thought and Eastern wisdom. New York, NY: North Point Press.
  • Kessler, E. H. (2006). Organizational Wisdom: Human, Managerial, And Strategic Implications: Group & Organization Management Vol 31(3) Jun 2006, 296-299.
  • Kharitidi, O. (1996). Entering the circle: Ancient secrets of Siberian wisdom discovered by a Russian psychiatrist. New York, NY: HarperSanFrancisco/HarperCollins Publishers.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2000). Executive coaching: Developing managerial wisdom in a world of chaos. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Executive wisdom: Coaching and the emergence of virtuous leaders. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Facilitating the Emergence of Wisdom in Executive Groups. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Foundations of Executive Wisdom: A Model of Executive Wisdom. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). The Metacognitive and Psychodynamic Roots of Executive Wisdom. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Wisdom Mapping I: Self- and Family Awareness. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Wisdom Mapping II: Organizational and Executive Group Awareness. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kilburg, R. R. (2006). Wisdom Mapping III: Situation Awareness, Values and Moral Compasses, and the Challenge of Creating Virtuous Leaders. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kim, J.-y., & Ko, Y.-g. (2007). If gifted/learning disabled students have wisdom, they have all things! : Roeper Review Vol 29(4) Sum 2007, 249-258.
  • Klein, W. C., & Bloom, M. (1995). Practice wisdom: Social Work Vol 40(6) Nov 1995, 799-807.
  • Knight, A. J., & Parr, W. V. (1999). Age as a factor in judgments of wisdom and creativity: New Zealand Journal of Psychology Vol 28(1) Jun 1999, 37-47.
  • Knudsen, P., & Traulsen, J. M. (2005). No Laughing Matter: SSRI Users' Reaction to 'Common Wisdom' About So-Called 'Happiness Pills'. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Biomedical Books.
  • Kolby, B. T. (2003). Wisdom from the perspective of the elderly. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Kramer, D. (2003). The ontogeny of wisdom in its variations. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Kramer, D. A. (2000). Wisdom as a classical source of human strength: Conceptualization and empirical inquiry: Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology Vol 19(1) Spr 2000, 83-101.
  • Kramer, D. A., & Bacelar, W. T. (1994). The educated adult in today's world: Wisdom and the mature learner. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press/Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Krill, D. F. (1990). Practice wisdom: A guide for helping professionals. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kristeller, J. L. (2003). Mindfulness, wisdom, and eating: Applying a multi-domain model of meditation effects: Constructivism in the Human Sciences Vol 8(2) 2003, 107-118.
  • Kuhn, D., & Udell, W. (2001). The path to wisdom: Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 261-264.
  • Kunzmann, U. (2004). Approaches to a Good Life: The Emotional-Motivational Side to Wisdom. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Kunzmann, U. (2007). Wisdom: Adult development and emotional-motivational dynamics. Ashland, OH: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2003). Beyond the traditional scope of intelligence: Wisdom in action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2003). Wisdom-Related Knowledge: Affective, Motivational, and Interpersonal Correlates: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol 29(9) Sep 2003, 1104-1119.
  • Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2005). The Psychology of Wisdom: Theoretical and Empirical Challenges. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kunzmann, U., & Stange, A. (2007). Wisdom as a classical human strength: Psychological conceptualizations and empirical inquiry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kupperman, J. J. (2005). Morality, Ethics, and Wisdom. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwon, Y. (1995). Wisdom in Korean families: Its development, correlates, and consequences for life adaptation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Kwon, Y. K. (1996). Development of wisdom and intelligence in three-generation families: Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology Vol 9(2) 1996, 1-19.
  • Landsburg, S. E. (2007). More sex is safer sex: The unconventional wisdom of economics. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Lang, B. (2004). Lady Wisdom: A Polytheistic and Psychological Interpretation of a Biblical Goddess. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Lappalainen, J. (1985). Technological progress and the conceptual world: Will wisdom catch up with intelligence? : Psykologia Vol 20(4) 1985, 270-272.
  • Le, T. N. (2005). A cross-cultural study of practical and transcendent wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Le, T. N., & Levenson, M. R. (2005). Wisdom as self-transcendence: What's love (& individualism) got to do with it? : Journal of Research in Personality Vol 39(4) Aug 2005, 443-457.
  • Leandro, P. G., & Pelechano, V. (2004). Contemporary wisdom, motivation and academic performance in adolescents: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 30(134) 2004, 963-976.
  • Leary, M. R. (2005). Nuggets of social psychological wisdom: Psychological Inquiry Vol 16(4) 2005, 176-179.
  • Leigh, H. (2005). Review of The Wisdom of Milton H. Erickson: The Complete Volume: American Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 59(2) 2005, 169-170.
  • Leske, P. C. (2004). Living into wisdom: Ten women's lived experiences bridging their fifties into middle adulthood. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Levinthal, D. (1997). Three faces of organizational learning: Wisdom, inertia, and discovery. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Levitt, H. M. (1999). The development of wisdom: An analysis of Tibetan Buddhist experience: Journal of Humanistic Psychology Vol 39(2) Spr 1999, 86-105.
  • Limas, M. J. (2004). Organizational wisdom: Scale development and validity assessment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Limas, M. J., & Hansson, R. O. (2004). Organizational Wisdom: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 59(2) 2004, 65-103.
  • Lin, J. (2007). Love, peace, and wisdom in education: Transforming education for peace: Harvard Educational Review Vol 77(3) Fal 2007, 362-365.
  • Lindzey, G. (1975). Review of Legacies in the study of behavior: The wisdom and experience of many: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 20 (8), Aug, 1975.
  • Linley, P. A. (2003). Positive adaptation to trauma: Wisdom as both process and outcome: Journal of Traumatic Stress Vol 16(6) Dec 2003, 601-610.
  • Litchfield, M. (1999). Practice wisdom: Advances in Nursing Science Vol 22(2) Dec 1999, 62-72.
  • Lu, I. h. (2001). Older adults' wisdom on a "life-planning task": Characteristics and relation to life experiences: Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology Vol 49(2) Jun 2001, 198-208.
  • Lukoff, D. (2006). Review of Higher wisdom: Eminent elders explore the continuing impact of psychedelics: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology Vol 38(2) 2006, 246-247.
  • Lustgarten, R. S. (2007). Women's wisdom in leadership. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Lyster, T. L. (2001). A nomination approach to the study of wisdom in old age. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Maercker, A., Bohmig-Krumhaar, S. A., & Staudinger, U. M. (1998). Existential confrontation as access to wisdom-related knowledge and judgment: A study of wisdom-nominees: Zeitschrift fur Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie Vol 30(1) 1998, 2-11.
  • Maglione, M., & Ridgely, M. S. (2006). Is conventional wisdom wrong? Coverage for substance abuse treatment under Medicaid managed care: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment Vol 30(4) Jun 2006, 285-290.
  • Makin, S. R. (1998). Poetic wisdom: Revealing and healing. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher.
  • Manheimer, R. J. (1992). Wisdom and method: Philosophical contributions to gerontology. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Marcus, P. (2003). Ancient religious wisdom, spirituality, and psychoanalysis. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Markus, H. R. (2005). On telling less than we can know: The too tacit wisdom of social psychology: Psychological Inquiry Vol 16(4) 2005, 180-184.
  • Martin, L. L., & Erber, R. (2005). Can social psychology impart any wisdom to the world? : Psychological Inquiry Vol 16(4) 2005, 151.
  • Martin, L. L., & Erber, R. (2005). Commentary: The wisdom of social psychology: Five commonalities and one concern: Psychological Inquiry Vol 16(4) 2005, 194-202.
  • McCaughey, D. O. (2005). Understanding the evolution of reflective wisdom as it relates to having survived major life crises: A phenomenological study of men and women between the ages of 70 to 90. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • McKee, P., & Barber, C. (1999). On defining wisdom: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 49(2) 1999, 149-164.
  • McKenna, J. J. (2000). On being at both center and circumference: The role of personal discipline and collective wisdom in the recovery of soul. Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
  • Meyers, H., & Gerstman, R. (2007). Creativity: Unconventional wisdom from 20 accomplished minds. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Michaud, G. J. (2005). Living wisdom: Understanding wisdom through life story. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Mijares, S. G. (2003). Modern psychology and ancient wisdom: Psychological healing practices from the world's religious traditions. New York, NY: Haworth Press.
  • Miller, E. (2004). Review of A Holistic Guide To Embracing Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Motherhood: Wisdom and Advice by a Doula: Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health Vol 19(1) Fal 2004, 81-83.
  • Miller, J. P. (2005). Educating for wisdom and compassion: Creating conditions for timeless learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Miller-McLemore, B. J. (2006). Wisdom in Pastoral Care and Counseling: What Does it Entail? : Pastoral Psychology Vol 55(2) Nov 2006, 217-222.
  • Misra, G., Suvasini, C., & Srivastava, A. K. (2000). Psychology of wisdom: Western and Eastern perspectives: Journal of Indian Psychology Vol 18(1-2) Jan-Jul 2000, 1-32.
  • Moberg, D. J. (2001). Managerial wisdom. Us: Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
  • Monk, T. H. (2005). Aging Human Circadian Rhythms: Conventional Wisdom May Not Always Be Right: Journal of Biological Rhythms Vol 20(4) Aug 2005, 366-374.
  • Montgomery, A., Barber, C., & McKee, P. (2002). A phenomenological study of wisdom in later life: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 54(2) 2002, 139-157.
  • Morse, M. K. (1996). The relationship of wisdom to transformational leadership: Illustrated by the historical Jesus. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Mullan, P. B., & Bosotn, P. (2006). Practical Wisdom: Teaching About Spirituality in Medical Education Programs: Journal of Cancer Education Vol 21(1) Spr 2006, 6.
  • Mumford, M. D., Connelly, M. S., Baughman, W. A., & Marks, M. A. (1994). Creativity and problem solving: Cognition, adaptability, and wisdom: Roeper Review Vol 16(4) Jun 1994, 241-246.
  • Navarro, V. (2004). The New Conventional Wisdom: An Evaluation of the WHO Report Health Systems: Improving Performance. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Co.
  • Nazaretyan, A. P. (2003). Power and Wisdom: Toward a History of Social Behavior: Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour Vol 33(4) Dec 2003, 405-425.
  • Neimark, E. D. (1988). Wisdom defined, historically and statistically: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 33 (6), Jun, 1988.
  • Nelsen, J. C. (1993). Testing practice wisdom: Another use for single-system research: Journal of Social Service Research Vol 18(1-2) 1993, 65-82.
  • Nelson, A. (2007). The spacious mind: Using archetypes for transformation towards wisdom: The Humanistic Psychologist Vol 35(3) 2007, 235-245.
  • Newman, H. M. (2007). Coming into being: Employing the wisdom of the body and mind-body therapy. New York, NY: The Analytic Press/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Nielsen, S. P. (1993). Life events as determinants of wisdom in older adults: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • No authorship, i. (1990). Review of Words of Wisdom: More Good Advice: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 35 (7), Jul, 1990.
  • No authorship, i. (1992). Review of Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 37 (6), Jun, 1992.
  • No authorship, i. (1992). Review of Wit and Wisdom in Dynamic Psychotherapy: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 37 (1), Jan, 1992.
  • No, A. Y. (1993). Wisdom as defined and perceived by counseling psychologists: Dissertation Abstracts International.
  • Nosal, C. S. (1993). The koan of wisdom: Beyond intelligence and experience. A commentary on the article by Marian Olejnik and Adam Niemczynski: "A triarchical model of wisdom against the background of current psychological notions of wisdom": Studia Psychologiczne Vol 31(1) 1993, 25-29.
  • Nuzzolese, F. D. (2006). "Leaking Roofs Matter." Responding to Pamela Cooper-White's Shared Wisdom: Use of the self in pastoral care and counseling. Person, Culture, and Religion Pre-session, American Academy of Religion, Philadelphia, PA, November 18, 2005: Pastoral Psychology Vol 55(2) Nov 2006, 223-228.
  • Ohlen, J. (2002). Practical Wisdom: Competencies Required in Alleviating Suffering in Palliative Care: Journal of Palliative Care Vol 18(4) Win 2002, 293-299.
  • Olejnik, M. (1999). Wisdom as value orientation: A cross sectional study with a person-oriented approach: Polish Psychological Bulletin Vol 30(2) 1999, 99-113.
  • Olejnik, M. (2002). Wisdom as the meaning of life construction. The case of the biological evaluation: Polish Psychological Bulletin Vol 33(3) 2002, 23-30.
  • Olejnik, M., & Niemczynski, A. (1993). A triarchical model of wisdom against the background of current psychological notions of wisdom: Studia Psychologiczne Vol 31(1) 1993, 9-24.
  • Olsen, R. A. (2005). Review of The Wisdom of Crowds: Journal of Behavioral Finance Vol 6(2) 2005, 105.
  • Orwoll, L., & Achenbaum, W. A. (1993). Gender and the development of wisdom: Human Development Vol 36(5) Sep-Oct 1993, 274-296.
  • Osbeck, L. M., & Robinson, D. N. (2005). Philosophical Theories of Wisdom. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • O'Sullivan, T. (2005). Some Theoretical Propositions on the Nature of Practice Wisdom: Journal of Social Work Vol 5(2) Aug 2005, 221-242.
  • Oswald, D. (2007). Review of The fountain of the love of wisdom: An homage to Marie-Louise von Franz: The Journal of Analytical Psychology Vol 52(5) Nov 2007, 678-679.
  • Owens, G. (2005). Book Review: The Dragons of Autism: Autism as a Source of Wisdom: Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol 10(3) Jul 2005, 446-448.
  • Paini, R. (2001). A depth psychological study of the cooking process: Archetypal images of body wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Paris, S. G. (2001). Wisdom, snake oil, and the educational marketplace: Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 257-260.
  • Pascual-Leone, J. (2000). Mental attention, conscious, and the progressive emergence of wisdom: Journal of Adult Development Vol 7(4) Oct 2000, 241-254.
  • Pasupathi, M., & Baltes, P. B. (2000). Wisdom: Kazdin, Alan E (Ed).
  • Pasupathi, M., & Staudinger, U. M. (2001). Do advanced moral reasoners also show wisdom? Linking moral reasoning and wisdom-related knowledge and judgement: International Journal of Behavioral Development Vol 25(5) Sep 2001, 401-415.
  • Pasupathi, M., Staudinger, U. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2001). Seeds of wisdom: Adolescents' knowledge and judgment about difficult life problems: Developmental Psychology Vol 37(3) May 2001, 351-361.
  • Pelechano, V. (2006). Epicurean wisdom and Psychology: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology Vol 6(2) May 2006, 301-316.
  • Pelechano, V. (2006). Wisdom psychology and its therapeutic implications: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 32(145) 2006, 581-619.
  • Pelechano, V., Fumero, A., & Garcia, L. (2003). Agreement and perceived difficulty as response criteria: A note with theoretical and evaluative meaning in the study of sayings and proverbs on wisdom: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 29(126) 2003, 483-501.
  • Pelechano, V., Garcia, L., & Fumero, A. (2004). Wisdom Sayings: The REFPRUD-1 questionnaire by Pelechano: Theory, logic and validity results: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 30(129) 2004, 5-49.
  • Pelechano, V., & Gonzalez-Leandro, P. (2004). Common psychology of wisdom, intelligence and ageing in adolescents: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 30(131) 2004, 437-460.
  • Pelechano, V., & Gonzalez-Leandro, P. (2004). Personality, knowledge related with wisdom and academic performance in adolescents: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 30(134) 2004, 977-990.
  • Pelechano, V., & Gonzalez-Leandro, P. (2006). Lay-Theory on wisdom in adults relationship with Ideal-Self: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 32(141) 2006, 65-83.
  • Pelechano, V., & Rivero, A. J. (2004). A partial testing of Berlin model in wisdom: Results, reflections and a proposal: Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta Vol 30(132) 2004, 465-493.
  • Perkins, D. N. (2001). Wisdom in the wild: Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 265-268.
  • Perry, C. L., Komro, K. A., Jones, R. M., Munson, K., Williams, C. L., & Jason, L. (2002). The measurement of wisdom and its relationship to adolescent substance use and problem behaviors: Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse Vol 12(1) 2002, 45-63.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Perspective. Washington, DC ; New York, NY: American Psychological Association; Oxford University Press.
  • Phelan, A. M. (2005). A Fall from (Someone Else's) Certainty: Recovering Practical Wisdom in Teacher Education: Canadian Journal of Education Vol 28(3) 2005, 339-358.
  • Phillips, R. D. (1992). Reinventing the wheel? On the wisdom of constructing new measures in psychological research: Children's Health Care Vol 21(3) Sum 1992, 140-147.
  • Pipes, R. B., & Davenport, D. S. (1990). Introduction to psychotherapy: Common clinical wisdom. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Pipes, R. B., & Davenport, D. S. (1999). Introduction to psychotherapy: Common clinical wisdom (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Pitty, W. W. (2005). A lesson for clinicians: Seeking wisdom in hypnotherapy, or horses for courses - personal reflections: Australian Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis Vol 33(2) Nov 2005, 178-194.
  • Poister, T. H., & Thomas, J. C. (2007). The wisdom of crowds: Learning from administrators' predictions of citizen perceptions: Public Administration Review Vol 67(2) Mar 2007, 279-289.
  • Pookayaporn, J. (2002). Wisdom and compassion in action: Theravada Buddhist nuns as facilitators of healing. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Powell, W. E. (2007). The wisdom of looking deeply: Families in Society Vol 88(1) Jan-Mar 2007, 3-6.
  • Powis, K. A. (2005). The embodied sage: An inquiry into body wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Preece, R. (2006). The wisdom of imperfection: The challenge of individuation in Buddhist life. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications.
  • Prendergast, J. J., Fenner, P., & Krystal, S. (2003). The sacred mirror: Nondual wisdom and psychotherapy. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House Publishers.
  • Pribram, K. H. (1982). Comments on McClain's "Structure in the ancient wisdom literature." Journal of Social & Biological Structures Vol 5(3) Jul 1982, 250-251.
  • Pridmore, S. (2006). Wisdom vs. political correctness: Australasian Psychiatry Vol 14(3) Sep 2006, 334.
  • Purves, A. C. (1991). The textual contract: Literacy as common knowledge and conventional wisdom. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Rand, M. L., & Harris, S. M. (2005). Review of Earthbabies: Ancient Wisdom for Modern Times: Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health Vol 19(4) Sum 2005, 356-358.
  • Randall, W. L., & Kenyon, G. M. (2002). Reminiscence as reading our lives: Toward a wisdom environment. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Randall, W. L., & Kenyon, G. M. (2004). Time, Story, and Wisdom: Emerging Themes in Narrative Gerontology: Canadian Journal on Aging Vol 23(4) Win 2004, 333-346.
  • Ray, R. (2006). Prediction Markets and the Financial "Wisdom of Crowds": Journal of Behavioral Finance Vol 7(1) 2006, 2-4.
  • Rector, L. J. (2006). Shared Wisdom: Use of the Self in Pastoral Care and Counseling: Pastoral Psychology Vol 55(2) Nov 2006, 229-232.
  • Reznitskaya, A., & Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Teaching Students to Make Wise Judgments: The "Teaching for Wisdom" Program. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Richardson, M. J., & Pasupathi, M. (2005). Young and Growing Wiser: Wisdom during Adolescence and Young Adulthood. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Richardson, R. L. (1985). Wisdom-based junior high school teaching: Childhood Education Vol 61(4) Mar-Apr 1985, 277-281.
  • Robbins, M. (1994). Wisdom and analytic relatedness: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 54(4) Dec 1994, 369-370.
  • Robbins, M. (1995). More on wisdom and analytic relatedness: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 55(2) Jun 1995, 187-188.
  • Roberts, R. C. (2006). Wisdom and Psychotherapy: Journal of Psychology and Christianity Vol 25(2) Sum 2006, 127-136.
  • Rosen, D. H., & Crouse, E. M. (2000). The Tao of wisdom: Integration of Taoism and the psychologies of Jung, Erikson, and Maslow. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Rowley, J. (2006). What do we need to know about wisdom? : Management Decision Vol 44(9) 2006, 1246-1257.
  • Rucker, N. (1994). Exploratory thoughts on wisdom, intimacy, and analytic relatedness: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 54(1) Mar 1994, 77-85.
  • Rucker, N. (1994). "Wisdom and analytical relatedness": Reply: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 54(4) Dec 1994, 370-372.
  • Rucker, N. (1995). "More on wisdom and analytic relatedness": Comment: The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Vol 55(2) Jun 1995, 188-190.
  • Ruisel, I. (1994). From academic and personal intelligence to wisdom: Studia Psychologica Vol 36(3) 1994, 137-152.
  • Ruisel, I. (2006). About the Effect of Rational, Dialectical and Critical Thinking on Wisdom: Studia Psychologica Vol 48(2) 2006, 81-94.
  • Sacksteder, R. (1982). Comments on McClain's "Structure in the ancient wisdom literature." Journal of Social & Biological Structures Vol 5(3) Jul 1982, 252-253.
  • Salman, S. (2000). The wisdom of psychological creativity and amor fati. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Samuel, A. E., & Weir, J. G. (1991). The acquisition of wisdom in engineering design: Instructional Science Vol 20(5-6) 1991-1992, 419-442.
  • Savage, C. (2006). Review of Higher Wisdom: Eminent Elders Explore the Continuing Impact of Psychedelics: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 194(7) Jul 2006, 551-553.
  • Scheibe, S., Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2007). Wisdom, life longings, and optimal development. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Schippan, B., Baumann, K., & Linden, M. (2004). Wisdom Therapy - Cognitive Behavior Therapy of Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder: Verhaltenstherapie Vol 14(4) Dec 2004, 284-293.
  • Schloss, J. P. (2000). Wisdom traditions as mechanisms for organismal integration: Evolutionary perspectives on homeostatic "laws of life". West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Schwartz, B., & Sharpe, K. E. (2006). Practical wisdom: Aristotle meets positive psychology: Journal of Happiness Studies Vol 7(3) Sep 2006, 377-395.
  • Scott, D. (1990). Practice wisdom: The neglected source of practice research: Social Work Vol 35(6) Nov 1990, 564-568.
  • Shainberg, D. (2000). Chasing elephants: Healing psychologically with Buddhist wisdom. New York, NY: Asti-Rahman Books.
  • Shedlock, D. J. (1998). Wisdom: Assessment, development and correlates. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Shedlock, D. J., & Cornelius, S. W. (2003). Psychological approaches to wisdom and its development. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Sheikh, A. A., Kunzendorf, R. G., & Sheikh, K. S. (1989). Healing images: From ancient wisdom to modern science. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Shell-Hill, P. A. I. (2004). Seeking Lakota elder wisdom on grief and healing: The role of Lakota women, historical grief, and educating children on healing from grief. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Shore, A. (1997). Promoting wisdom: The role of art therapy in geriatric settings: Art Therapy Vol 14(3) 1997, 172-177.
  • Signell, K. A. (1990). Wisdom of the heart: Working with women's dreams. New York, NY: Fromm International Publishing Corporation.
  • Simonton, D. K. (1990). Creativity and wisdom in aging. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Sinnott, J. (1993). "Gender and the development of wisdom": Comment: Human Development Vol 36(5) Sep-Oct 1993, 297-299.
  • Skrondal, A. (2000). Design and analysis of Monte Carlo experiments: Attacking the conventional wisdom: Multivariate Behavioral Research Vol 35(2) 2000, 137-167.
  • Sluzki, C. E. (2004). Review of Creating a Life of Meaning and Compassion: The Wisdom of Psychotherapy: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Vol 74(1) Jan 2004, 90.
  • Small, M. W. (2004). Wisdom and now managerial wisdom: Do they have a place in management development programs? : Journal of Management Development Vol 23(8) 2004, 751-764.
  • Smith, C. (2007). Working from the inside out: Management and leadership through the lens of the perennial wisdom tradition: Journal of Management Development Vol 26(5) 2007, 475-483.
  • Smith, J. (2007). The allure of wisdom: Human Development Vol 50(6) Dec 2007, 367-370.
  • Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1990). Wisdom-related knowledge: Age/cohort differences in response to life-planning problems: Developmental Psychology Vol 26(3) May 1990, 494-505.
  • Smith, J., Dixon, R. A., & Baltes, P. B. (1989). Expertise in life planning: A new research approach to investigating aspects of wisdom. New York, NY, England: Praeger Publishers.
  • Smith, J., Staudinger, U. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1994). Occupational settings facilitating wisdom-related knowledge: The sample case of clinical psychologists: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol 62(5) Oct 1994, 989-999.
  • Sobell, M. B. (1987). Behavioral research: The particularly unwanted child of conventional wisdom in the alcohol field: Advances in Behaviour Research & Therapy Vol 9(2-3) 1987, 59-72.
  • Sollod, R. N. (1983). Socratic wisdom? : PsycCRITIQUES Vol 28 (5), May, 1983.
  • Solomon, J. L., Marshall, P., & Gardner, H. (2005). Crossing Boundaries to Generative Wisdom: An Analysis of Professional Work. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Southall, L. B. (2007). The art of dialogue: Tapping into personal and group wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Sowarka, D. (1989). Wisdom and wise persons: Common-sense concept of older individuals: Zeitschrift fur Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie Vol 21(2) 1989, 87-109.
  • Stanovich, K. E. (2001). The rationality of educating for wisdom: Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 247-251.
  • Starzomska, M. (2006). Coping with bereavement among old people and using such experiences in helping others bereaved in the light of wisdom theories: Psychogeriatria Polska Vol 3(1) 2006, 23-30.
  • Starzomska, M. (2006). The wisdom of the elderly in the light of contemporary developmental psychology: Psychogeriatria Polska Vol 3(3) 2006, 167-174.
  • Statler, M., & Oppegaard, K. (2007). Practical wisdom: Integrating ethics and effectiveness in organizations: Carter, Chris (Ed); Clegg, Stewart (Ed); Kornberger, Martin (Ed); Laske, Stephan (Ed); Messner, Martin (Ed).
  • Staudinger, U. M. (1996). Wisdom and the social-interactive foundation of the mind. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Staudinger, U. M. (1999). Older and wiser? Integrating results on the relationship between age and wisdom-related performance: International Journal of Behavioral Development Vol 23(3) Sep 1999, 641-664.
  • Staudinger, U. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1996). Interactive minds: A facilitative setting for wisdom-related performance? : Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol 71(4) Oct 1996, 746-762.
  • Staudinger, U. M., Dorner, J., & Mickler, C. (2005). Wisdom and Personality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Staudinger, U. M., Kessler, E.-M., & Dorner, J. (2006). Wisdom in social context. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Staudinger, U. M., & Leipold, B. (2003). The assessment of wisdom-related performance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Staudinger, U. M., Lopez, D. F., & Baltes, P. B. (1997). The psychometric location of wisdom-related performance: Intelligence, personality, and more? : Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol 23(11) Nov 1997, 1200-1214.
  • Staudinger, U. M., Maciel, A. G., Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). What predicts wisdom-related performance? A first look at personality, intelligence, and facilitative experiential contexts: European Journal of Personality Vol 12(1) Jan-Feb 1998, 1-17.
  • Staudinger, U. M., & Pasupathi, M. (2003). Correlates of Wisdom-Related Performance in Adolescence and Adulthood: Age-Graded Differences in "Paths" Toward Desirable Development: Journal of Research on Adolescence Vol 13(3) Sep 2003, 239-268.
  • Staudinger, U. M., Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1992). Wisdom-related knowledge in a life review task: Age differences and the role of professional specialization: Psychology and Aging Vol 7(2) Jun 1992, 271-281.
  • Stephens, G. G. (1974). On the teaching and learning of clinical wisdom: The Journal of Family Practice Vol 1(1) May 1974, 24-27.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol 49(3) Sep 1985, 607-627.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1986). Intelligence, wisdom, and creativity: Three is better than one: Educational Psychologist Vol 21(3) Sum 1986, 175-190.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1989). Intelligence, wisdom, and creativity: Their natures and interrelationships. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (1998). A balance theory of wisdom: Review of General Psychology Vol 2(4) Dec 1998, 347-365.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Intelligence and wisdom. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Wisdom as a form of giftedness: Gifted Child Quarterly Vol 44(4) Fal 2000, 252-260.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2001). How wise is it to teach for wisdom? A reply to five critiques: Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 269-272.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2001). What is the common thread of creativity? Its dialectical relation to intelligence and wisdom: American Psychologist Vol 56(4) Apr 2001, 360-362.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2001). Why schools should teach for wisdom: The balance theory of wisdom in educational settings: Educational Psychologist Vol 36(4) Fal 2001, 227-245.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity synthesized. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2004). What Is Wisdom and How Can We Develop It? : Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol 591 Jan 2004, 164-174.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Wisdom and giftedness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Wisdom as a Form of Giftedness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Words to the Wise about Wisdom? A Commentary on Ardelt's Critique of Baltes: Human Development Vol 47(5) Sep-Oct 2004, 286-289.
  • Sternberg, R. J. (2005). WICS: A Model of Positive Educational Leadership Comprising Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized: Educational Psychology Review Vol 17(3) Sep 2005, 191-262.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Jordan, J. (2005). A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (2001). Wisdom and creativity. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Stemler, S. E. (2004). Wisdom As A Moral Virtue. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Stevens, K. J. (2000). Wisdom as an organizational construct: Reality or rhetoric? Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Stricker, G. (2007). Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? : PsycCRITIQUES Vol 52 (27), 2007.
  • Strozdas, L. J. (1997). The meaning of wisdom for African-American women. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Sturkie, K. (1994). Group treatment for sexually abused children: Clinical wisdom and empirical findings: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America Vol 3(4) Oct 1994, 813-829.
  • Super, D. E. (1961). Consistency and wisdom of vocational preference as indices of vocational maturity in the ninth grade: Journal of Educational Psychology Vol 52(1) Feb 1961, 35-43.
  • Surowiecki, J. (2004). The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations. New York, NY: Doubleday & Co.
  • Svyantek, D. J., & Bott, J. (2004). Received wisdom and the relationship between diversity and organizational performance: Organizational Analysis Vol 12(3) 2004, 295-317.
  • Takahashi, M. (2000). Toward a culturally inclusive understanding of wisdom: Historical roots in the East and West: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 51(3) 2000, 217-230.
  • Takahashi, M. (2000). Wisdom: Toward a culturally inclusive understanding. (Americans, Japanese). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Takahashi, M., & Bordia, P. (2000). The concept of wisdom: A cross-cultural comparison: International Journal of Psychology Vol 35(1) Feb 2000, 1-9.
  • Takahashi, M., & Overton, W. F. (2002). Wisdom: A culturally inclusive developmental perspective: International Journal of Behavioral Development Vol 26(3) May 2002, 269-277.
  • Takahashi, M., & Overton, W. F. (2005). Cultural Foundations of Wisdom: An Integrated Developmental Approach. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Takeda, N. M. (2000). A comparative study of the perceptions of wisdom in two cultures.(cross-cultural). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Taranto, M. A. (1989). Facets of wisdom: A theoretical synthesis: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 29(1) 1989, 1-21.
  • Taylor, A. K. (2005). Violating Conventional Wisdom in Multiple Choice Test Construction: College Student Journal Vol 39(1) Mar 2005, 141-148.
  • Taylor, P. J. (2005). Review of The fallacy of mother's wisdom: A critical perspective on health psychology: Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Vol 15(4) 2005, 284-286.
  • Tentori, K., Osherson, D., Hasher, L., & May, C. (2001). Wisdom and aging: Irrational preferences in college students but not older adults: Cognition Vol 81(3) Oct 2001, B87-B96.
  • Terrini, S. J. (1994). Contexts of wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Thiele, L. P. (2006). The heart of judgment: Practical wisdom, neuroscience, and narrative. Columbia, SC: Camden House.
  • Thomson, D. (2001). The getting and losing wisdom: Journal of Religious Gerontology Vol 12(3-4) 2001, 77-88.
  • Tracy, R. J., Greco, N., Felix, E., & Kilburg, D. F., III. (2002). Reframing and wisdom within proverbs: Imagination, Cognition and Personality Vol 22(2) 2002-2003, 117-162.
  • Trowbridge, R. H. (2006). The scientific approach of wisdom. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Truglio-Londrigan, M. (1998). The unfolding meaning of the wisdom experience. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Uhrenfeldt, L., & Hall, E. O. C. (2007). Clinical wisdom among proficient nurses: Nursing Ethics Vol 14(3) May 2007, 387-398.
  • Vaill, P. B. (1984). Process wisdom for a new age: ReVISION Vol 7(2) Win-Spr 1984-1985, 39-49.
  • Valdez, J. M. (1994). Wisdom: A Hispanic perspective. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Varela, F. J. (1999). Ethical know-how: Action, wisdom, and cognition. (1999). Ethical know-how: Action, wisdom, and cognition.
  • Varela, F. J., & Depraz, N. (2003). Wisdom traditions and the ways of reduction. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Wagner, C. P. (1996). Relationship between Cognitive and Experiential Integration and Wisdom-Related Thinking. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Walker, T. R. (1996). Elemental wisdom in teacher training. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
  • Walsh, R., & Grob, C. S. (2005). Higher wisdom: Eminent elders explore the continuing impact of psychedelics. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Wand, T., & Chiarella, M. (2006). A conversation: Challenging the relevance and wisdom of separate mental health legislation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol 15(2) Jun 2006, 119-127.
  • Wass, H. (1983). A Potpourri of Wisdom on Suicide: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 28 (5), May, 1983.
  • Wax, M. L. (2003). Creating compassionate care within the hospital intensive care unit: Beyond positivism and toward wisdom and responsibility: Qualitative Research Vol 3(1) Apr 2003, 119-138.
  • Webster, J. D. (2003). An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale: Journal of Adult Development Vol 10(1) Jan 2003, 13-22.
  • Webster, J. D. (2007). Measuring the character strength of wisdom: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 65(2) 2007, 163-183.
  • Weick, K. E. (2004). Mundane Poetics: Searching for Wisdom in Organizational Studies: Organization Studies Vol 25(4) 2004, 653-668.
  • Weidong, Z., & Haitao, D. (2003). A Study on Urban People's Implicit Theory of Wisdom: Psychological Science (China) Vol 26(3) May 2003, 419-421.
  • Wells, C. R. (1996). Hebrew wisdom as a quest for wholeness and holiness: Journal of Psychology and Christianity Vol 15(1) Spr 1996, 58-69.
  • Welton, G. L. (2006). Review of Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized: Journal of Psychology and Christianity Vol 25(4) Win 2006, 373-374.
  • Weston, N. (1998). Building a Learning Community through Teacher Action Research: Honoring Teacher Wisdom in Three Chicago Public Schools: School Community Journal Vol 8(1) Spr-Sum 1998, 57-71.
  • Wheeler, H. (1982). The invention of wisdom: From the discovery of audial psychophysics to Plato's politics: Journal of Social & Biological Structures Vol 5(3) Jul 1982, 223-232.
  • Whiting, B. B. (1974). Folk wisdom and child rearing: Merrill-Palmer Quarterly Vol 20(1) Jan 1974, 9-19.
  • Whittington, J. L., Pitts, T. M., Kageler, W. V., & Goodwin, V. L. (2005). Legacy leadership: The leadership wisdom of the Apostle Paul: Leadership Quarterly Vol 16(5) Oct 2005, 749-770.
  • Williams, S. (2006). Conventional Wisdom: Journal for Research in Mathematics Education Vol 37(5) Nov 2006, 354-355.
  • Winstone, C. (2002). Review of Adoption Wisdom: A Guide to the Issues and Feelings of Adoption: Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health Vol 16(3) Spr 2002, 297-299.
  • Wittine, B. (2003). Jungian Analysis and Nondual Wisdom. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House Publishers.
  • Wolinsky, M. A. (1990). A heart of wisdom: Marital counseling with older and elderly couples. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Woodward, K. (2003). Against wisdom: The social politics of anger and aging: Journal of Aging Studies Vol 17(1) Feb 2003, 55-67.
  • Xie, F. T., & Zhu, T. (2004). Ancient Wisdom for Modern Predicaments: The Truth, Dece Issues Surrounding Falun Gong: Cultic Studies Review Vol 3(1) 2004, No Pagination Specified.
  • Yang, S.-Y. (2000). Conceptions of wisdom among Taiwanese Chinese. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
  • Yang, S.-y. (2001). Conceptions of wisdom among Taiwanese Chinese: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Vol 32(6) Nov 2001, 662-680.
  • Yang, S. Y. (2007). Forms and functions of wisdom in real-life contexts: Chinese Journal of Psychology Vol 49(2) Jun 2007, 185-204.
  • Young-Eisendrath, P., & Miller, M. E. (2000). The psychology of mature spirituality: Integrity, wisdom, transcendence. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Zed, E. C. (2003). Helpful symbols in fairy tales: A storytelling group employing ancient wisdom to treat depression at midlife. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.

External links[]

This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
Advertisement