WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
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The List of World Health Organization Essential Medicines is a model list of essential medicines created by the World Health Organization. This list is based on the 15th edition (March 2007).[1]
The list was first published in 1977.[2] The 16th edition for adults and the second edition for children were released in March 2009.[3][4]
A † indicates the medicine is a complementary item.
Anesthetics
Edit
General anesthetics and oxygenEdit
Local anestheticsEdit
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term proceduresEdit
Analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, medicines used to treat gout and disease modifying agents in rheumatoid disordersEdit
Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)Edit
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen
- Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Opioid analgesicsEdit
Medicines to treat goutEdit
Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)Edit
Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxisEdit
- Chlorphenamine
- Dexamethasone
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisolone
Antidotes and other substances used in poisoningsEdit
Non-specificEdit
SpecificEdit
- Acetylcysteine
- Atropine
- Calcium gluconate
- Deferoxamine
- Dimercaprol
- DL-Methionine
- Methylthioninium chloride
- Naloxone
- Penicillamine
- Potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate(II)
- Sodium calcium edetate
- Sodium nitrite
- Sodium thiosulfate
Anticonvulsants/antiepilepticsEdit
Anti-infective medicinesEdit
AnthelminthicsEdit
Intestinal anthelminthicsEdit
AntifilarialsEdit
Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicineEdit
AntibacterialsEdit
Beta Lactam medicinesEdit
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
- Benzathine benzylpenicillin
- Benzylpenicillin
- Cefazolin
- Cefixime
- Ceftazidime †
- Ceftriaxone †
- Cloxacillin
- Co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
- Imipenem/cilastatin (Imipenem + cilastatin) †
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin
- Procaine benzylpenicillin
Other antibacterialsEdit
- Azithromycin
- Chloramphenicol
- Ciprofloxacin
- Clindamycin †
- Co-trimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
- Doxycycline
- Erythromycin
- Gentamicin
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Spectinomycin
- Sulfadiazine †
- Trimethoprim
- Vancomycin †
Antileprosy medicinesEdit
Antituberculosis medicinesEdit
- Amikacin †
- p-aminosalicylic acid †
- Capreomycin †
- Cycloserine †
- Ethambutol
- Ethionamide †
- Isoniazid
- Isoniazid + ethambutol
- Kanamycin †
- Ofloxacin †
- Pyrazinamide
- Rifampicin
- Rifampicin + isoniazid
- Rifampicin + isoniazid + ethambutol
- Rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide
- Rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol
- Streptomycin
Antifungal medicinesEdit
Antiviral medicinesEdit
Antiherpes medicinesEdit
AntiretroviralsEdit
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitorsEdit
- Abacavir (ABC)
- Didanosine (ddI)
- Emtricitabine (FTC)
- Lamivudine (3TC)
- Stavudine (d4T)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
- Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsEdit
- Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
- Nevirapine (NVP)
Protease inhibitorsEdit
- Indinavir (IDV)
- Lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)
- Nelfinavir (NFV)
- Ritonavir
- Saquinavir (SQV)
Combination drugsEdit
- Efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir
- Emtricitabine + tenofovir
- Stavudine + lamivudine + nevirapine
- Zidovudine + lamivudine
- Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine
Other antiviralsEdit
Antiprotozoal medicinesEdit
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicinesEdit
Antileishmaniasis medicinesEdit
Antimalarial medicinesEdit
For curative treatmentEdit
- Amodiaquine
- Artemether
- Artemether + lumefantrine
- Artesunate
- Chloroquine
- Doxycycline
- Mefloquine
- Primaquine
- Quinine
- Sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
For prophylaxisEdit
Antipneumocytosis and antioxoplasmosis medicinesEdit
Antitrypanosomal medicinesEdit
African trypanosomiasisEdit
American trypanosomiasisEdit
Antimigraine medicinesEdit
For treatment of acute attackEdit
- Aspirin
- Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
For prophylaxisEdit
Antineoplastic, immunosuppressives and medicines used in palliative careEdit
Immunosuppressive medicinesEdit
Cytotoxic medicinesEdit
- Asparaginase †
- Bleomycin †
- Calcium folinate †
- Chlorambucil †
- Cisplatin †
- Cyclophosphamide †
- Cytarabine †
- Dacarbazine †
- Dactinomycin †
- Daunorubicin †
- Doxorubicin †
- Etoposide †
- Fluorouracil †
- Mercaptopurine †
- Methotrexate †
- Procarbazine †
- Vinblastine †
- Vincristine †
Hormones and antihormonesEdit
Medicines used in palliative careEdit
None
Antiparkinsonism medicinesEdit
Medicines affecting the bloodEdit
Antianaemia medicinesEdit
Medicines affecting coagulationEdit
Blood products and plasma substitutesEdit
Plasma substitutesEdit
- Dextran 70
Plasma fractions for specific useEdit
- Human normal immunoglobulin †
- Factor VIII concentrate †
- Factor IX complex (II, VII, IX, X concentrate)
Cardiovascular medicinesEdit
Antianginal medicinesEdit
Antiarrhythmic medicinesEdit
Antihypertensive medicinesEdit
- Amlodipine
- Atenolol
- Enalapril
- Hydralazine (for acute, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension only)
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Methyldopa
- Sodium nitroprusside †
Medicines used in heart failureEdit
Antithrombotic medicinesEdit
Lipid-lowering agentsEdit
Dermatological medicines (topical)Edit
Antifungal medicinesEdit
- Benzoic acid + salicylic acid (see also Whitfield's ointment)
- Miconazole
- Selenium sulfide †
- Sodium thiosulfate
Anti-infective medicinesEdit
- Methylrosanilinium chloride
- Neomycin sulfate + bacitracin
- Potassium permanganate
- Silver sulfadiazine
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicinesEdit
Astringent medicinesEdit
Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferationEdit
Scabicides and pediculicidesEdit
Diagnostic agentsEdit
Ophthalmic medicinesEdit
Radiocontrast mediaEdit
Disinfectants and antisepticsEdit
AntisepticsEdit
DisinfectantsEdit
- Chlorine base compound
- Chloroxylenol
- Glutaral
DiureticsEdit
Gastrointestinal medicinesEdit
Antacids and other antiulcer medicinesEdit
Antiemetic medicinesEdit
Anti-inflammatory medicinesEdit
LaxativesEdit
Medicines used in diarrheaEdit
Oral rehydrationEdit
- Oral rehydration therapy salts
Medicines for diarrhea in childrenEdit
Antidiarrheal (symptomatic) medicines in adultsEdit
Hormones, other endocrine medicines and contraceptivesEdit
Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutesEdit
See section 3 Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis.
AndrogensEdit
ContraceptivesEdit
Oral hormonal contraceptivesEdit
Injectable hormonal contraceptivesEdit
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate + estradiol cypionate
- Norethisterone enantate
Intrauterine devicesEdit
Barrier methodsEdit
Implantable contraceptivesEdit
- Levonorgestrel-releasing implant
EstrogensEdit
Insulins and other antidiabetic agentsEdit
- Glibenclamide
- Insulin injection
- Intermediate-acting insulin
- Metformin
Ovulation inducersEdit
ProgesteronesEdit
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicinesEdit
ImmunologicalsEdit
Diagnostic agentsEdit
Sera and immunoglobulinsEdit
- Anti-D immunoglobulin
- Antitetanus immunoglobulin
- Antivenom immunoglobulin
- Diphtheria antitoxin
- Rabies immunoglobulin
VaccinesEdit
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) for tuberculosis
- Cholera vaccine
- Diphtheria vaccine
- Hepatitis A vaccine
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- Influenza vaccine
- Japanese encephalitis vaccine
- Measles vaccine
- Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
- Mumps vaccine
- Pertussis vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Poliomyelitis vaccine
- Rabies vaccine
- Rotavirus vaccine
- Rubella vaccine
- Tetanus vaccine
- Typhoid vaccine
- Varicella vaccine
- Yellow fever vaccine
Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitorsEdit
Ophthalmological preparationsEdit
Anti-infective agentsEdit
Anti-inflammatory agentsEdit
Local anestheticsEdit
Miotics and antiglaucoma medicinesEdit
MydriaticsEdit
Oxytocics and antioxytocicsEdit
OxytocicsEdit
AntioxytocicsEdit
Peritoneal dialysis solutionEdit
- Intraperitoneal dialysis solution †
Psychotherapeutic medicinesEdit
Medicines used in psychotic disordersEdit
Medicines used in mood disordersEdit
Medicines used in depressive disordersEdit
Medicines used in bipolar disordersEdit
Medicines used in generalized anxiety and sleep disordersEdit
Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacksEdit
Medicines used in substance dependence programsEdit
Medicines acting on the respiratory tractEdit
Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEdit
Other medicines acting on the respiratory tractEdit
Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbancesEdit
OralEdit
- Oral rehydration salts (see 17.5.1 Oral rehydration)
- Potassium chloride
ParenteralEdit
- Glucose
- Glucose with sodium chloride
- Potassium chloride
- Sodium chloride
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Sodium lactate
MiscellaneousEdit
- Saline solution for injection/rehydration
Vitamins and mineralsEdit
- Ascorbic acid
- Calcium gluconate †
- Ergocalciferol
- Iodine
- Nicotinamide
- Pyridoxine
- Retinol
- Riboflavin
- Sodium fluoride
- Thiamine
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ (2007). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 15th edition (March 2007). (PDF) World Health Organization. URL accessed on 2007-07-01.
- ↑ WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines
- ↑ (2009). [www.who.int/entity/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/sixteenth_adult_list_en.pdf WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 16th edition (March 2009)]. (PDF) World Health Organization. URL accessed on 2009-12-11.
- ↑ (2009). [www.who.int/entity/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/second_children_list_en.pdf WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children, second edition (March 2009)]. (PDF) World Health Organization. URL accessed on 2009-12-11.
