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Voiced alveolar sibilant
z
IPA number 133
Encoding
Entity (decimal) z
Unicode (hex) U+007A
X-SAMPA z
Kirshenbaum z
Sound
[[File:Template:IPA audio filename| center| 150px]]


[create] Documentation
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The voiced alveolar fricatives are consonantal sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described.

  • The symbol for the alveolar sibilant is ⟨z⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z. The IPA letter ⟨z⟩ is not normally used for dental or postalveolar sibilants unless modified by a diacritic (⟨⟩ and ⟨⟩ respectively).
  • The IPA symbol for the alveolar non-sibilant fricative is derived by means of diacritics; it can be ⟨ð̠⟩ or ⟨ɹ̝⟩.
Coronal fricatives
Dental Alveolar Postalveolar
retroflex palato-
alveolar
alveolo-
palatal
sibilant ʐ ʒ ʑ
non-sibilant ð ð̠/ð͇/ɹ̝ ɻ̝

Voiced alveolar sibilant[]

The voiced alveolar sibilant is common across European languages but is relatively uncommon cross-linguistically compared to the voiceless variant. Only about 28% of the world's languages contain a voiced dental or alveolar sibilant. Moreover, 85% of the languages with some form of [z] are languages of Europe, Africa or Western Asia.

In the eastern half of Asia, the Pacific and the Americas, [z] is very rare as a phoneme. The presence of [z] in a given language always implies the presence of a voiceless [s].[citation needed]

Features[]

Features of the voiced alveolar fricative:

Template:Sibilant

Template:Voiced

  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence[]

In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [z̺] and laminal [z̻].

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Albanian zjarr [zjar] 'fire'
Arabic Standard[1] زائِر [ˈzaːʔir] 'visitor' See Arabic phonology
Armenian զարդ [zɑɾtʰ] align="center"| 'decoration'
Breton iliz [iliz] 'church'
Catalan[2][3] zel [ˈz̺ɛɫ] 'zeal' See Catalan phonology
Chechen зурма/zurma [zuɾma] 'music'
Czech zima [zɪma] 'winter' See Czech phonology
Dutch[4] zee [zeː] 'sea' Apical in some northern dialects. See Dutch phonology
English size [saɪz] 'size' See English phonology
French[5] zèbre [zɛbʀ] 'zebra' See French phonology
Georgian[6] არი [ˈzɑɾi] 'bell'
German süß [zyːs] 'sweet' See German phonology
Greek Athens dialect[7] ζάλη/záli [ˈz̻ali] 'dizziness' See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew זאב [zeʔˈev] 'wolf' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindi ज़मीन [zəmiːn] 'land' See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian zálog [zaːloɡ] 'pledge' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[8] caso [ˈkazo] 'case' See Italian phonology
Japanese[9] 全部/zenbu [zembɯ] 'everything' See Japanese phonology
Kala Lagaw Ya zilamiz [zilʌmiz] 'go'
Kashmiri ज़ानुन, زانُن [zaːnun] 'to know'
Occitan Gascon casèrna [kazɛrno] 'barracks'
Languedocien ser [beze] 'to see'
Limousin jòune [ˈzɒwne] 'young'
Malay zaman [zaman] 'age, period'
Maltese zelu [zelu] 'zeal'
Polish[10] zero [ˈzɛrɔ] align="center"| 'zero' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[11] casa [ˈkazɐ] 'house' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian[12] zar [z̪ar] 'dice' See Romanian phonology.
Russian[13] заезжать/zaezžat}} [zəɪˈʑʑætʲ] 'to pick up' Contrasts with palatalized version. See Russian phonology
Slovak zima [zɪma] 'winter'
Swahili lazima [lɑzimɑ] 'must'
Turkish z [ɡœz] 'eye' See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian зуб [zub] 'tooth' See Ukrainian phonology
Urdu زمین [zəmiːn] 'land' See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Vietnamese Northern dialects da [zaː] 'skin' See Vietnamese phonology
West Frisian sizze [sɪzə] 'to say' Never occurs in word-initial positions.
Yi /ssy [zɿ˧] 'generation'
Yiddish zien [zin] 'son'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[14] guanaz [ɡʷanaz]

Template:Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative

See also[]

References[]

Bibliography[]

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (1975), "The Distribution of Retracted Sibilants in Medieval Europe", Language (Linguistic Society of America) 51 (2): 282–292, doi:10.2307/412855 
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618 
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223 
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874 
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X 
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191 
  • Honeybone, P (2001), "Lenition inhibition in Liverpool English", English Language and Linguistics 5 (2): 213–249 
  • Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press 
  • Maddieson, Ian (1984), Patterns of Sound, Camebridge University Press 
  • Marotta, Giovanna; Barth, Marlen (2005), "Acoustic and sociolingustic aspects of lenition in Liverpool English", Studi Linguistici e Filologici Online 3 (2): 377–413, http://www.humnet.unipi.it/slifo/2005vol2/Marotta-Barth3.2.pdf 
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373 
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114 
  • Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97 
  • Pandeli, H; Eska, J; Ball, Martin; Rahilly, J (1997), "Problems of phonetic transcription: the case of the Hiberno-English slit-t", Journal of the International Phonetic Association'' 27: 65–75, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005430 
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628 
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659 
  • Torreblanca, Máximo (1988), "Latín Basium, Castellano Beso, Catalán Bes, Portugués Beijo", Hispanic Review (University of Pennsylvania Press) 56 (3): 343–348, doi:10.2307/474023 
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41 
  • Wheeler, Max W (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199258147 



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