Vietnamese cultural groups

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Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government), each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar. The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Tai Ethnic 1.7%, Mường 1.5%, Khmer Krom (Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nùng 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census). The Vietnamese word for ethnic group is người (literally "people").

Alphabetical list

1. Kinh (also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam)
2. Ba Na (Bahnar)
3. Bố Y (Buyei)
4. Brâu
5. Bru-Vân Kiều
6. Chăm - Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
7. Chơ Ro
8. Chu Ru (Chru)
9. Chứt - related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
10. Co
11. Cờ Ho
12. Cờ Lao (Gelao)
13. Cơ Tu
14. Cống (Cong)
15. Dao - Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien language, distant relatives of Hmong
16. Ê Đê (Rhade)
17. Gia Rai (Jarai, J'rai)
18. Giáy
19. Giẻ Triêng
20. Hà Nhì (Hani)
21. H'Mông (Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China
22. Hoa (Chinese)
23. Hrê (H're)
24. Kháng
25. Khmer Krom (Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm)
26. Khơ Mú (Khmu)
27. La Chí
28. La Ha
29. La Hủ
30. Lao - People from Laos
31. Lô Lô (Lo Lo, Yi)
32. Lự
33. Mạ
34. Mảng
35. M'Nông
36. Mường - Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, the other main part of the Viet-Muong branch of the Vietic sub-family
37. Ngái (Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
38. Nùng
39. Ơ Đu
40. Pà Thẻn
41. Phù Lá
42. Pu Péo
43. Ra Glai (Raglai)
44. Rơ Măm
45. Sán Chay (San Chay, Cao Lan)
46. Sán Dìu (San Diu, Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
47. Si La
48. Tà Ôi (Ta Oi)
49. Tày (Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam
50. Thái (Thai)
51. Thổ (Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
52. Xinh Mun (Xinh-mun)
53. Xơ Đăng (Sedang, Xo Dang)
54. Xtiêng (Stieng)

Listed by language group

1. Mon-Khmer - Kinh (Viet), Ba Na (Bahnar), Brâu, Bru-Vân Kiều, Chơ Ro, Chứt, Co, Cờ Ho, Cơ Tu, Giẻ Triêng, Hrê (H're), Kháng, Khmer Krom (Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm), Khơ Mú (Khmu), Mạ, Mảng, M'Nông, Mường, Ơ Đu, Rơ Măm, Tà Ôi (Ta Oi), Thổ (Tho), Xinh Mun (Xinh-mun), Xơ Đăng (Sedang, Xo Dang), and Xtiêng (Stieng).
2. Tay-Thai - Bố Y (Buyei), Giáy, Lao, Lự, Nùng, Sán Chay (San Chay, Cao Lan), Tày (Tay), and Thái (Thai)
3. Tibeto-Burman - Cống (Cong), Hà Nhì (Hani), La Hủ, Lô Lô (Lo Lo, Yi), Phù Lá, and Si La
4. Malayo-Polynesian - Chăm, Chu Ru (Chru), Ê Đê (Rhade), Gia Rai (Jarai, J'rai), and Ra Glai (Raglai)
5. Kadai - Cờ Lao (Gelao), La Chí, La Ha, and Pu Péo
6. Mong-Dao - Dao (Yao), H'Mông (Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo), and Pà Thẻn
7. Han - Hoa (Chinese), Ngái, and Sán Dìu (San Diu)

Listed by population (as of the 1999 census)

1. Kinh (also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam) 86.2%
2. Tày (Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam 1.9%
3. Thái (Thai) 1.7%
4. Mường - Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, other half of Viet-Muong language family 1.5%
5. Khmer Krom (Khmer, Khơ Me Crộm) 1.4%
6. Hoa (Chinese) 1.1%
7. Nùng 1.1%
8. H'Mông (Hmong, Hơ-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China 1%
9. Dao - Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien language, distant relatives of Hmong
10. Gia Rai (Jarai, J'rai)
11. Ê Đê (Rhade)
12. Ba Na (Bahnar)
13. Sán Chay (San Chay, Cao Lan)
14. Chăm - Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
15. Xơ Đăng (Sedang, Xo Dang)
16. Sán Dìu (San Diu)
17. Hrê (H're)
18. Cờ Ho
19. Ra Glai (Raglai)
20. M'Nông
21. Thổ (Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
22. Xtiêng (Stieng)
23. Khơ Mú (Khmu)
24. Bru-Vân Kiều
25. Giáy
26. Cơ Tu
27. Giẻ Triêng
28. Tà Ôi (Ta Oi)
29. Mạ
30. Co
31. Chơ Ro
32. Hà Nhì (Hani)
33. Xinh Mun (Xinh-mun)
34. Chu Ru (Chru)
35. Lao - People from Laos
36. La Chí
37. Phù Lá
38. La Hủ
39. Kháng
40. Lự
41. Pà Thẻn
42. Lô Lô (Lo Lo, Yi)
43. Chứt - related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
44. Mảng
45. Cờ Lao (Gelao)
46. Bố Y (Buyei)
47. La Ha
48. Cống (Cong)
49. Ngái
50. Si La
51. Pu Péo
52. Brâu
53. Rơ Măm
54. Ơ Đu

Ethnic groups not included in official list

1. Nguồn - possibly Mường group, officially classified as a Việt (Kinh) group by the government, Nguồn themselves identify with Việt ethnicity; their language is a member of the Viet-Muong branch of the Vietic sub-family
2. People of European, North American, Australian, and Asian (non-Vietnamese) origin. Many people of these origins are temporary residents in Vietnam as expatriate workers and some are permanently settled there, some through marriage.

Sources

• 1999 Census results
• Socioeconomic Atlas of Vietnam

External links

• Vietnamese Ethnic Groups
• Ethnic - Linguistic Map of Vietnam
• Vietnamese ethnic groups by population
• Ethnologue report for Vietnam
• Story and Images of Missionaries interacting with Mountain Tribe groups in Vietnam from 1929-1975
• Authentic Old photographs of all Ethnic groups in Vietnam

See also

• Demographics of Vietnam
• Vietnam#Demographics

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