Vanillyl mandelic acid
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| Vanillyl mandelic acid | |
|---|---|
| Vanillyl mandelic acid | |
| General | |
| Systematic name | ? |
| Other names | ? |
| Molecular formula | ? |
| SMILES | ? |
| Molar mass | ?.?? g/mol |
| Appearance | ? |
| CAS number | [?-?-?] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | ? g/cm³, ? |
| Solubility in water | ? g/100 ml (?°C) |
| Melting point | ?°C (? K) |
| Boiling point | ?°C (? K) |
| Acidity (pKa) | ? |
| Basicity (pKb) | ? |
| Chiral rotation [α]D | ?° |
| Viscosity | ? cP at ?°C |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | ? |
| Coordination geometry | ? |
| Crystal structure | ? |
| Dipole moment | ? D |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| Main hazards | ? |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | ?°C |
| R/S statement | R: ? S: ? |
| RTECS number | ? |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties | n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data | Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | ? |
| Other cations | ? |
| Related ? | ? |
| Related compounds | ? |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) is an end-stage metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine, the catecholamines. It is produced via intermediary metabolites.
VMA is found in the urine, along with other catecholamine metabolites, including homovanillic acid (HVA) and normetanephrine. In timed urine tests the quantity (concentration μg /24 h) is assessed, along with creatinine clearance, and the concentration of cortisols, and catecholamines,
Clinical significance
Edit
Urinary VMA is elevated in patients with tumors that secrete catecholamines.[1]
These urinalysis tests are used to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma, a tumor of catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. These tests may also be used to diagnose neuroblastomas, and to monitor treatment of these conditions.
Norepinephrine breaks down into normetanephrine and VMA. Norepinephrine is one of the hormones produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. They are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress, which are factors that may skew the results of the test.
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Magera MJ, Thompson AL, Matern D, Rinaldo P (May 2003). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid in urine. Clin. Chem. 49 (5): 825–6.
Template:Neurotransmitter metabolism intermediates Template:Tumor markers
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