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style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Thyroxine
Image:Thyroxine-2D-skeletal.png
Image:T4-3D-vdW.png
Identifiers
SMILES	NC(Cc1cc(I)c(Oc2cc(I)c(O) c(I)c2)c(I)c1)C(O)=O
Properties
Hazards
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetra­iodothyronine (often abbreviated as T₄), a form of thyroid hormones is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

T₄ is transported in blood, with 99.95% of the secreted T₄ being protein bound, principally to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and, to a lesser extent, to transthyretin and serum albumin. T₄ is involved in controlling the rate of metabolic processes in the body and influencing physical development.

Note: Thyroxine is a prohormone and a reservoir for the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T₃). T₄ is converted in the tissues by deiodinases to T₃. The "D" isomer is called "Dextrothyroxine"^[1] and is used as a lipid modifying agent.^[2] The half-life of thyroxine once released into the blood circulatory system is about 1 week.

The hormone was synthesised in 1927 by British chemists Charles Robert Harington and George Barger.

[edit] Reactions

Image:Iodothyronine deiodinase.png

Transformations

[edit] See also

• Hypothyroidism

[edit] References

1. ↑ MeSH Dextrothyroxine
2. ↑ .

Hormones and endocrine glands - edit

Hypothalamus: - TRH - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - somatostatin - dopamine | Posterior pituitary: vasopressin - oxytocin - lipotropin | Anterior pituitary: GH - ACTH - TSH - LH - FSH - prolactin - MSH - endorphins - lipotropin Thyroid: T3 and T4 - calcitonin | Parathyroid: PTH | Adrenal medulla: epinephrine - norepinephrine | Adrenal cortex: aldosterone - cortisol - DHEA | Pancreas: glucagon- insulin - somatostatin | Ovary: estradiol - progesterone - inhibin - activin | Testis: testosterone - AMH - inhibin | Pineal gland: melatonin | Kidney: renin - EPO - calcitriol - prostaglandin | Heart atrium: ANP Stomach: gastrin | Duodenum: CCK - GIP - secretin - motilin - VIP | Ileum: enteroglucagon | Liver: IGF-1 Placenta: hCG - HPL - estrogen - progesterone Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3