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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
| thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian) | |
|---|---|
| Symbol(s): | THRA THRA1, THRA2, ERBA1 |
| Locus: | 17 q11.2 -17q12 |
| EC number | [1] |
| EntrezGene | 7067 |
| OMIM | 190120 |
| RefSeq | NM_199334 |
| UniProt | P10827 |
| thyroid hormone receptor, beta (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog 2, avian) | |
|---|---|
| Symbol(s): | THRB ERBA2 |
| Locus: | 3 p24.1 -p22 |
| EC number | [2] |
| EntrezGene | 7068 |
| OMIM | 190160 |
| RefSeq | NM_000461 |
| UniProt | P10828 |
The thyroid hormone receptor[1] is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding thyroid hormone.[2]
Function[]
Amongst the most important functions of thyroid hormone receptors are regulation of metabolism and heart rate.[3][4] In addition, they play critical roles in the development of organisms.[5]
Isoforms[]
There are three forms of the thyroid hormone receptor designated alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2 that are able to bind thyroid hormone. There are two TR-alpha receptor splice variants encoded by the THRA gene and two TR-beta isoform splice variants encoded by the THRB gene:[2]
- TR-α1 (widely expressed and especially high expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles)
- TR-α2 (homologous with viral oncogen c-erb-A, also widely expressed but unable to bind hormone)
- TR-β1 (predominately expressed in brain, liver and kidney)
- TR-β2 (expression primarily limited to the hypothalamus and pituitary)
Disease linkage[]
Certain mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor are associated with thyroid hormone resistance.[6]
References[]
- ↑ Spurr NK, Solomon E, Jansson M, Sheer D, Goodfellow PN, Bodmer WF, Vennstrom B (1984). Chromosomal localisation of the human homologues to the oncogenes erbA and B. EMBO J. 3 (1): 159-63.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Flamant F, Baxter JD, Forrest D, Refetoff S, Samuels H, Scanlan TS, Vennstrom B, Samarut J (2006). International Union of Pharmacology. LIX. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: thyroid hormone receptors. Pharmacol Rev 58 (4): 705-11.
- ↑ Yen PM (2001). Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev 81 (3): 1097-142.
- ↑ Harvey CB, Williams GR (2002). Mechanism of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid 12 (6): 441-6.
- ↑ Brent GA (2000). Tissue-specific actions of thyroid hormone: insights from animal models. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 1 (1-2): 27-33.
- ↑ Olateju TO, Vanderpump MP (2006). Thyroid hormone resistance. Ann Clin Biochem 43 (Pt 6): 431-40.
External links[]
Constitutive androstane receptor - Core binding factor - E2F - Farnesoid X receptor - Kruppel-like factors - Nanog - NF-kB - Oct-4 - P300/CBP - Peroxisome proliferator-activated - PIT-1 - Rho factor - R-SMAD - Sigma factor - Sox2 - Sp1 - STAT protein
Basic-helix-loop-helix: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor - Hypoxia inducible factors - MYC - MyoD - Myogenin - Twist transcription factor
Basic leucine zipper: Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins - CREB -
Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper: Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor - Sterol regulatory element binding protein
Steroid hormone receptors
Type I:
Glucocorticoid receptor -
Mineralocorticoid receptor -
Sex hormone receptor (Androgen receptor, Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor)
Type II:
Calcitriol receptor -
Retinoid receptor (Retinoic acid receptor, Retinoid X receptor) -
Thyroid hormone receptor
See also: Intracellular receptors, Nuclear receptor
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