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*Gaston, L., Marmar, C R., Gallager, D., & Thompson, L. W (1988) Relation of patient pretreatment characteristics to the therapeutic alliance in diverse psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56 483-489.
 
*Gaston, L., Marmar, C R., Gallager, D., & Thompson, L. W (1988) Relation of patient pretreatment characteristics to the therapeutic alliance in diverse psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56 483-489.
 
*Gaston, L., Marmar, C. R., Thompson, L. W & Gallager, D. (1991) Alliance prediction of outcome beyond in-treatment symptomatic change as psychotherapy progresses. Psychotherapy Research. 1 104-1 12.
 
*Gaston, L., Marmar, C. R., Thompson, L. W & Gallager, D. (1991) Alliance prediction of outcome beyond in-treatment symptomatic change as psychotherapy progresses. Psychotherapy Research. 1 104-1 12.
  +
*Hartley, D. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1983) The therapeutic alliance: Its relationship to outcome in brief psychotherapy. In I Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies in analytic theories (pp. 1-37). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
  +
*Hatcher, R., Barends, A., Hansell, J., & Gutfreund, M. (1995) Patient’s and therapists’ shared and unique views of the therapeutic alliance: an investigation using confirmatory factor analysis in a nested design. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 63 636-643.
  +
*Hatcher, R., & Barends, A. (1996) Patient’s view of the alliance in psychotherapy: exploratory factor analysis of three alliance measures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 64 1326-1336
  +
*Henry W R. & Strupp, H. (1994) The therapeutic alliance as an interpersonal process. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.) The working alliance: Theory, research and practice, New York: Wiley.
  +
*Horvath, A. O. (1981) An exploratory study of the working alliance: Its measurement and relationship to outcome Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia. Quoted in: Horvath, A. O. (1994). Empirical research on the alliance. Horvath & Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance theory research and practice. New York: Wiley
  +
*Horvath, A. O. (1982) Working Alliance Inventory (Revised). Instructional Psychology Research Group, 82 (1). Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
  +
*Horvath, A. O. (1991) What do we know about the alliance and what do we still have to find out? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Lyon, France.
  +
*Horvath, A. O. (1994) Empirical research on the alliance. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance theory research and practice. New York: Wiley.
  +
*Kivlighan, D., Angelone, E., & Swafford, K. (1991) Live supervision in individual psychotherapy: effects on therapists’ intention use and client’s evaluation of session effect and working alliance. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 22 6 489-495.
  +
*Kivlighan, D., & Shaughnessy, P. (1995) Analysis of the development of the working alliance using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 42 3 338-349.
  +
*Kivilghan, D. M., Jr., & Schmitz, P. (1992). Counselor technical activity in cases with improving working alliances and continuing-poor working alliances. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 39 32-38.
  +
*Kokotovic, A., & Tracey, I. (1990) Working alliance in the early phase of counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 37 16-21.
  +
*Krupnick, I. (1990, June) The relationship of therapeutic alliance and outcome in interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Wintergreen, VA.
  +
*Krupnick, J., Stotsky, S., Simmens, S., & Moyer, J. (1996) The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome: findings in the MIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 64 3 532-539.
  +
*Luborsky, L. (1976) Helping alliances in psychotherapy. In I L. Cleghhorn (Ed.), Successful psychotherapy, New York: Brunner/Mazel, 92 - 116.
  +
*Luborsky, L., & Auerbach, A. (1985) The therapeutic relationship in psychodynamic psychotherapy: The research evidence and its meaning for practice. In R. Hales & A. Frances (Eds.), Psychiatry update annual review (pp. 550 - 561). Washington, VC: American Psychiatric Association.
  +
*Mallinckrodt, B., & Nelson, M. (1991) Counselor training level and the formation of the therapeutic working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38 14-19.
  +
*Mallinckrodt, B., Gantt, G., & Coble, H. (1995) Attachment patterns in the therapy relationship: development of the client attachment to therapist scale. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 42 307-317.
  +
*Mallinckrodt, B. (1996) Change in working alliance, social support, and psychological symptoms in brief therapy. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 43 4 448-455.
  +
*Marmar, C., Gaston L., Gallagher, D, & Thompson l., (1989) Alliance and outcome in late life depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental disease. 177 464-472.
  +
*Marmar, C. R., Horowitz, M. J., Weiss, D. S., & Marziali, E. (1986) The development of the therapeutic alliance rating system. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsof (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook. New York: Guilford Press, 367 - 390.
  +
*Marmar, C., Weiss, D. S., & Gaston, L. (1989) Toward the validation of the California Therapeutic Alliance Rating System. Psychological Assessment: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1 46 - 52.
  +
*Martin D, J., Garske J, P., & Davis, M, K. (2000) Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 68 3 438-50.
   
   
Line 33: Line 56:
 
*Efstation, J., Patton, M., & Kardash, C. (1990) Measuring the working alliance in counsellor supervision. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 37 322-329.
 
*Efstation, J., Patton, M., & Kardash, C. (1990) Measuring the working alliance in counsellor supervision. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 37 322-329.
 
*Fenton, L., Cecero, J., Nich, C., Frankforter, T., & Carroll, K. (2001) Perspective is everything: the predictive validity of six working alliance instruments. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 10 262-268.
 
*Fenton, L., Cecero, J., Nich, C., Frankforter, T., & Carroll, K. (2001) Perspective is everything: the predictive validity of six working alliance instruments. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 10 262-268.
  +
*Marziali, E. (I984 [b]) Three viewpoints on the therapeutic alliance scales: Similarities, differences and associations with psychotherapy outcome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 172 417-423.
 
   
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

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The therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy has been defined as the collaborative and affective bond between therapist and patient. Additionally, the therapeutic alliance has been defined as a personal bond between therapist and client in which goals for therapy and and steps to achieve treatment goals are established.

See also

References & Bibliography

Key texts

Books

Papers

  • Bachelor, A. (1991) Comparison and relationship to outcome of diverse dimensions of the helping alliance as seen by client and therapist. Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practic. 28 534-539.
  • Bachelor, A. (1995) clients’ perception of the therapeutic alliance: a qualitative analysis. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 42 3 323-337.
  • Bambling M., & King R., (2001) Therapeutic alliance and clinical practice. Psychotherapy in Australia. 8 1 38-47
  • Bordin, E. (1976) The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice. 16 252-260.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1994) Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory research, and practice, New York: Wiley.
  • Eaton, T. I, Abeles, N., & Guttreund, M. (1988) Therapeutic alliance and outcome: Impact of treatment length and pretreatment symptomology Psychotherapy Research and Practice. 25 536-542.
  • Foreman, S., & Marmar, R. C. (1985) Therapist actions that address initially poor therapeutic alliances in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 4 922-926.
  • Gaston, L. (1990) The concept of the alliance and its role in psychotherapy: theoretical and empirical considerations, Psychotherapy 27, 143-153.
  • Gaston, L. (1991) Reliability and criterion-related validity of the california psychotherapy alliance scales—patient version. Psychological Assessment. 3, 68-74.
  • Gaston, L., Marmar, C R., Gallager, D., & Thompson, L. W (1988) Relation of patient pretreatment characteristics to the therapeutic alliance in diverse psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56 483-489.
  • Gaston, L., Marmar, C. R., Thompson, L. W & Gallager, D. (1991) Alliance prediction of outcome beyond in-treatment symptomatic change as psychotherapy progresses. Psychotherapy Research. 1 104-1 12.
  • Hartley, D. E., & Strupp, H. H. (1983) The therapeutic alliance: Its relationship to outcome in brief psychotherapy. In I Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies in analytic theories (pp. 1-37). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Hatcher, R., Barends, A., Hansell, J., & Gutfreund, M. (1995) Patient’s and therapists’ shared and unique views of the therapeutic alliance: an investigation using confirmatory factor analysis in a nested design. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 63 636-643.
  • Hatcher, R., & Barends, A. (1996) Patient’s view of the alliance in psychotherapy: exploratory factor analysis of three alliance measures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 64 1326-1336
  • Henry W R. & Strupp, H. (1994) The therapeutic alliance as an interpersonal process. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.) The working alliance: Theory, research and practice, New York: Wiley.
  • Horvath, A. O. (1981) An exploratory study of the working alliance: Its measurement and relationship to outcome Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia. Quoted in: Horvath, A. O. (1994). Empirical research on the alliance. Horvath & Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance theory research and practice. New York: Wiley
  • Horvath, A. O. (1982) Working Alliance Inventory (Revised). Instructional Psychology Research Group, 82 (1). Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
  • Horvath, A. O. (1991) What do we know about the alliance and what do we still have to find out? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Lyon, France.
  • Horvath, A. O. (1994) Empirical research on the alliance. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance theory research and practice. New York: Wiley.
  • Kivlighan, D., Angelone, E., & Swafford, K. (1991) Live supervision in individual psychotherapy: effects on therapists’ intention use and client’s evaluation of session effect and working alliance. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 22 6 489-495.
  • Kivlighan, D., & Shaughnessy, P. (1995) Analysis of the development of the working alliance using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 42 3 338-349.
  • Kivilghan, D. M., Jr., & Schmitz, P. (1992). Counselor technical activity in cases with improving working alliances and continuing-poor working alliances. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 39 32-38.
  • Kokotovic, A., & Tracey, I. (1990) Working alliance in the early phase of counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 37 16-21.
  • Krupnick, I. (1990, June) The relationship of therapeutic alliance and outcome in interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Wintergreen, VA.
  • Krupnick, J., Stotsky, S., Simmens, S., & Moyer, J. (1996) The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome: findings in the MIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 64 3 532-539.
  • Luborsky, L. (1976) Helping alliances in psychotherapy. In I L. Cleghhorn (Ed.), Successful psychotherapy, New York: Brunner/Mazel, 92 - 116.
  • Luborsky, L., & Auerbach, A. (1985) The therapeutic relationship in psychodynamic psychotherapy: The research evidence and its meaning for practice. In R. Hales & A. Frances (Eds.), Psychiatry update annual review (pp. 550 - 561). Washington, VC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Mallinckrodt, B., & Nelson, M. (1991) Counselor training level and the formation of the therapeutic working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38 14-19.
  • Mallinckrodt, B., Gantt, G., & Coble, H. (1995) Attachment patterns in the therapy relationship: development of the client attachment to therapist scale. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 42 307-317.
  • Mallinckrodt, B. (1996) Change in working alliance, social support, and psychological symptoms in brief therapy. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 43 4 448-455.
  • Marmar, C., Gaston L., Gallagher, D, & Thompson l., (1989) Alliance and outcome in late life depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental disease. 177 464-472.
  • Marmar, C. R., Horowitz, M. J., Weiss, D. S., & Marziali, E. (1986) The development of the therapeutic alliance rating system. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsof (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook. New York: Guilford Press, 367 - 390.
  • Marmar, C., Weiss, D. S., & Gaston, L. (1989) Toward the validation of the California Therapeutic Alliance Rating System. Psychological Assessment: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1 46 - 52.
  • Martin D, J., Garske J, P., & Davis, M, K. (2000) Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 68 3 438-50.


Additional material

Books

Papers

  • Google Scholar
  • Allen, J., Szollos, S., & Williams, E. (1986). The penn helping alliance scales. In Greenberg & Pinsof (Eds). The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook. 325-3666. New York: Guilford.
  • Dozier, R., Hicks, M., Cornille, T., & Peterson, G. (1998) The effect of Tomm’s therapeutic questioning styles on therapeutic alliance: a clinical analogue study. Family Process. 37 2 189-200.
  • Efstation, J., Patton, M., & Kardash, C. (1990) Measuring the working alliance in counsellor supervision. Journal of Counselling Psychology. 37 322-329.
  • Fenton, L., Cecero, J., Nich, C., Frankforter, T., & Carroll, K. (2001) Perspective is everything: the predictive validity of six working alliance instruments. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 10 262-268.
  • Marziali, E. (I984 [b]) Three viewpoints on the therapeutic alliance scales: Similarities, differences and associations with psychotherapy outcome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 172 417-423.

External links