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ICD-10 | I461 | |
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ICD-9 | ||
OMIM | [1] | |
DiseasesDB | [2] | |
MedlinePlus | [3] | |
eMedicine | / | |
MeSH | {{{MeshNumber}}} |
The term sudden cardiac death refers to natural death from cardiac causes, heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within one hour of the onset of acute symptoms.[1] Other forms of sudden death may be noncardiac in origin. Examples of this include respiratory arrest (such as due to airway obstruction, which may be seen in cases of choking or asphyxiation), toxicity or poisoning, anaphylaxis, or trauma.[2]
It is important to make a distinction between this term and the related term cardiac arrest, which refers to cessation of cardiac pump function which may be reversible (i.e., may not be fatal). The phrase sudden cardiac death is a public health concept incorporating the features of natural, rapid, and unexpected. It does not specifically refer to the mechanism or cause of death.
Causes[]
Although the most frequent underlying cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease, other categories of causes include:
- Non-atherosclerotic coronary artery abnormalities
- Hypertrophy of ventricular myocardium
- Myocardial diseases and heart failure, including
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Myocardial infarction
- Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
- Inflammatory, infiltrative, neoplastic, and degenerative processes
- Diseases of the cardiac valves
- Congenital heart disease
- Primary electrophysiological abnormalities, such as
- Long QT syndrome, both congenital and acquired
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Brugada syndrome
- Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- Rhythm instability related to neurohumoral and central nervous system influences
- Commotio cordis
- Mechanical interference with venous return
- Aortic dissection
- Toxic/metabolic disturbances
See also[]
References[]
- ↑ Myerburg, Robert J. "Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death" in Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2005.
- ↑ Sudden Unexpected Death: Causes and Contributing Factors on poptop.hypermart.net.
External links[]
- Information from the Stanford Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center
- Arrhythmia Alliance Sudden Cardiac Arrest Page
Circulatory system pathology (I, 390-459) | |
---|---|
Hypertension |
Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) |
Ischaemic heart disease |
Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction - Dressler's syndrome |
Pulmonary circulation |
Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale |
Pericardium |
Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade |
Endocardium/heart valves |
Endocarditis - mitral valves (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic valves (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary valves (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valves (stenosis, insufficiency) |
Myocardium |
Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia |
Electrical conduction system of the heart |
Heart block: AV block (First degree, Second degree, Third degree) - Bundle branch block (Left, Right) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block |
Other heart conditions |
Heart failure - Cardiovascular disease - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right) |
Cerebrovascular diseases |
Intracranial hemorrhage/cerebral hemorrhage: Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage) - Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease |
Arteries, arterioles and capillaries |
Atherosclerosis (Renal artery stenosis) - Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) - Aneurysm - Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Buerger's disease - Arteritis (Aortitis) - Intermittent claudication - Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - Spider angioma |
Veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes |
Thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis, Paget-Schroetter disease) - Varicose veins/Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Varicocele, Gastric varices, Caput medusae) - Superior vena cava syndrome - Lymph(Lymphadenitis, Lymphedema, Lymphangitis) |
See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747) |
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