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Robots

2013-05-20T02:46:54Z

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User talk:Nursingxmajor

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User talk:Nursingxmajor

2013-05-19T01:00:30Z

Created page with "{{Welcome}} ----- Thank you for taking the time to support your recent edits. They seem appropriate. We listen. Best wishes. ~~~~"

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{{Welcome}}

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Thank you for taking the time to support your recent edits. They seem appropriate. We listen. Best wishes. [[User:Dr Joe Kiff|Dr Joe Kiff]] ([[User talk:Dr Joe Kiff|talk]]) 01:00, May 19, 2013 (UTC)

Joseph J. Sandler

2013-05-19T00:55:50Z

Created page with "{{ClinPsy}} '''Joseph J. Sandler''' (1927–1998) was a British psychoanalyst within the Anna Freud Grouping - now the Contemporary Freudians – of the [[British Psychoanalyt..."

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{{ClinPsy}}
'''Joseph J. Sandler''' (1927–1998) was a British psychoanalyst within the Anna Freud Grouping - now the Contemporary Freudians – of the [[British Psychoanalytical Society]]; and is perhaps best known for what has been called his 'silent revolution' in re-aligning the concepts of the [[Object relations theory|object relations school]] within the framework of [[ego psychology]].<ref>[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351692509349126?journalCode=hpsi20#preview Otto F. Kernberg, 'The Influence of Joseph Sandler's Work on Contemporary Psychoanalysis']</ref>

==Life==

Born and educated in South Africa, Sandler moved to London, where he completed his PHD in psychology at [[University College, London]] in 1950, before further training in medicine and psychoanalysis. He became a training analyst in 1955.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/psychoanalysis-encyclopedia/sandler-joseph Riccardo Steiner, 'Sandler, Joseph (1927-1998)']</ref>

Sandler was editor of the ''[[International Journal of Psycho-Analysis]]'' from 1969 to 1978; and was elected President of the [[International Psychoanalytical Association]] in 1989.

==Theoretical openness==

Sandler took an open, pragmatic approach to psychoanalytic theorising - something particularly important in the wake of the [[Controversial discussions]] which had left a three-way split inside the British Society. He took the view that 'we have ''a body of ideas'', rather than a consistent whole, that constitutes psychoanalytic theory', and called for a 'a greater degree of tolerance of concepts...created by people who have a different psychoanalytic background'<ref>Quoted in Patrick Casement, ''Further Learning from the Patient'' (1990) p. 184</ref> - something that was of great importance in his rapprochement between [[Melanie Klein|Kleinian]] ideas and ego psychology.

==Safety==

Sandler emphasised early in his work (1959) the importance of the feeling of safety, which he linked to early experiences of primary [[narcissism]]'<ref>R. J Perelberg, ''Psychoanalytic Understanding of Violence and Suicide'' (1999) p. 28</ref> He noted however that the search for safety could act as a resistance in psychotherapy;<ref>C. Dare et al, ''The Patient and the Analyst'' (2011) p. 117</ref> but also highlighted the role of a sense of trust in forging the [[therapeutic alliance]].<ref>C. E. Newhill et al, ''Client Violence in Social Work Practice'' (2003) p. 8</ref>

==Role responsiveness and actualization==

Sandler introduced the term actualization into [[psychoanalysis]] from literary studies, to cover the process whereby past object-relationships are brought to life within the analytic setting.<ref>J. Sandler, 'Actualization and object relationships', ''J. of Philadelphia Association for Psychoanalysis'' 4 (1977): 59-70</ref> Through what he termed the free-floating (if controlled and moderated) 'role responsiveness' of the therapist, the latter was able to bring into being the unconscious fantasy of the patient and so expose it to light - becoming in the process someone a little different with each patient.<ref>Patrick Casement, ''Further Learning from the Patient'' (1990) p. 118-9</ref>

Sandler himself saw the process of actualization as adumbrated in the 7th chapter of Freud's ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'';<ref>Peter Fonagy et al., ''Psychoanalysis on the Move'' (1999) p. 9</ref> and similar concepts can be found in ego psychology, which speaks of the 'evocation' of a proxy<ref>Patrick Casement, ''On Learning from the Patient'' (London 1985) p. 100</ref> and among [[Jung|post-Jungians]] with their talk of a 'complementary' [[countertransference]].<ref>Mario Jacoby, ''The Analytic Encounter'' (1984) p. 41</ref> Sandler's concept also connects with the ideas of [[acting out]] and [[acting in]] within the analytic session,<ref>Patrick Casement, ''Further Learning from the Patient'' (1990) p. 166</ref> though [[Otto Kernberg]] emphasises specifically how Sandler differentiated actualization from acting out.<ref>[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351692509349126?journalCode=hpsi20#preview Otto F. Kernberg, 'The Influence of Joseph Sandler's Work on Contemporary Psychoanalysis']</ref>

Sandler specifies several different types of actualization, including delusive actualization and symbolic actualization.<ref>J. And A.-M. Sandler, ''Internal Objects Revisited'' (1998) p. 42</ref>

The concept of role responsiveness has subsequently been taken up more widely in British psychoanalysis,<ref>Patrick Casement, ''Further Learning from the Patient'' (1990) p. 8 and p. 165-6</ref> as well as by intersubjective analysts, who see at least one aspect of countertransference as the therapist's reaction to the role the patient wishes to force upon them.<ref>Tamara Latawiec, ''When the Professional is Personal'' (2008) p. 21</ref>

===Example===

A clear example of actualization described shortly ''before'' Sandler's introduction of the term tells how, in an analytic encounter with a young man, one psychoanalyst - [[David Cooper (psychiatrist)|David Cooper]] - had "felt the progressive extrusion of his internalized mother into me, not as a theoretical construct but in actual experience".<ref>David Cooper, ''The Death of the Family'' (Penguin 1974) p. 114</ref>

==On psychotherapy==

Sandler considered that psychotherapy could in homely terms be thought of as a process of 'making friends' with unacceptable parts of oneself.<ref>[http://www.psychoanalysis-and-therapy.com/human_nature/papers/paper30h.html Robert M. Young, 'The Ubiquity of Psychotic Anxieties']</ref> His willingness to look beyond dogmatic theorising and to take on board the normal as well as the abnormal in psychotherapeutic assessment<ref>Patrick Casement, ''Further Learning from the Patient'' (1990) p. 184</ref> helped facilitate the bridging role he played within the often fragmented world of postmodern psychotherapies.<ref>P. Fonagy et al, ''Psychoanalysis on the Move: the work of Joseph Sandler'' (1999) p. 44-7</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==Further reading==

* J. J. Sandler, 'Countertransference and role-responsiveness' ''Int. Review of Psycho-Analysis'' (1976) 3: 43-7
* J. Sandler, ''From Safety to Superego'' (1988)
* J. Sandler ed, ''Projection, Identification and Projective Identification'' (London 1987)

== External links ==
* [http://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/11/world/joseph-j-sandler-dies-at-71-leading-british-psychoanalyst.html New York Times, 'Joseph J. Sandler...Leading British Psychoanalyst]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandler, Joseph J}}
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:British psychoanalysts]]
[[Category:Object relations theorists]]
{{enWP|Joseph J. Sandler}}

Countertransference

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User talk:Dr Joe Kiff

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Eye color

2013-05-18T23:55:41Z

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User:Nursingxmajor

2013-05-18T23:50:22Z

Nursingxmajor created a user account

Countertransference

2013-05-18T22:07:12Z

Theodore Xenophon Barber

2013-05-18T21:53:56Z

Redirected page to Theodore X. Barber

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#redirect[[Theodore X. Barber]]

Theodore X. Barber

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David Smith Calverley

2013-05-18T21:53:21Z

David Smith Calverley

2013-05-18T21:52:29Z

Created page with " '''David Smith Calverley''' (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news | date = March 22, 2008 | title = David S. Calverley, 71 | work = Cape Cod Times |..."

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'''David Smith Calverley''' (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news | date = March 22, 2008 | title = David S. Calverley, 71 | work = [[Cape Cod Times]] | url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist. He studied "hypnotic behavior" with [[Theodore Xenophon Barber]]. They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis|hypnotic induction]]. One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].

[[Category:American psychologists]]

Theodore X. Barber

2013-05-18T21:50:04Z

Theodore X. Barber

2013-05-18T21:48:58Z

Created page with "{{PersonPsy}} '''Theodore X. Barber'''(1927–2005)<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23">{{cite news | last = Pearce | first = Jeremy | date = September 23, 2005 | title = Theodore Bar..."

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{{PersonPsy}}
'''Theodore X. Barber'''(1927–2005)<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23">{{cite news | last = Pearce | first = Jeremy | date = September 23, 2005 | title = Theodore Barber Dies at 78; Was Major Critic of Hypnosis | work = [[New York Times]] | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/23/national/23barber.html | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist who along with [[Sheryl C. Wilson]] first identified the [[fantasy prone personality]] in 1981.

Along with '''David Smith Calverley''' (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news | date = March 22, 2008 | title = David S. Calverley, 71 | work = [[Cape Cod Times]] | url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> he studied "hypnotic behavior". They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis|hypnotic induction]]. One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23" />

The '''Barber Suggestibility Scale''', a product of their research, measures [[hypnotic susceptibility]] with or without the use of a hypnotic induction.<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23" />

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:Hypnosis]]
[[Category:Suggestibility]]

Sheryl C. Wilson

2013-05-18T21:45:16Z

Created page with "{{PersonPsy}} '''Sheryl C. Wilson''' was an American psychologist who along with Theodore X. Barber first identified the fantasy prone personality in 1981. ==Publicat..."

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{{PersonPsy}}
'''Sheryl C. Wilson''' was an American psychologist who along with [[Theodore X. Barber]] first identified the [[fantasy prone personality]] in 1981.

==Publications==
*Wilson, S. C. & Barber, T. X. (1983). "The fantasy-prone personality: Implications for understanding imagery, hypnosis, and parapsychological phenomena." In, A. A. Sheikh (editor), Imagery: Current Theory, Research and Application (pp. 340-390). New York: Wiley

[[Category:American psychologists]]

Fantasy prone personality

2013-05-18T21:40:59Z

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Fantasy

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Suggestion

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Priming

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‎See also:

Suggestion

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‎See also:

Countersuggestion

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Piagetian theory

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#redirect[[Piaget's theory]]

Countersuggestion

2013-05-18T21:27:49Z

Created page with "{{CogPsy}} A '''countersuggestion''' has two meanings in psychology. In general use it refers to a suggestion made to counter a previously made one. In particular, it re..."

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{{CogPsy}}
A '''countersuggestion''' has two meanings in psychology.

In general use it refers to a [[suggestion]] made to counter a previously made one.

In particular, it refers in [[Piagetian theory]] to the challenging of a childs truth assertion. In this case the countersuggestion is made to test how strong the child's belief is and to see if they are able to defend their statement.

==See also==
*[[Piaget's theory of cognitive development]]

[[Category:Piagetian psychology]]
[[Category:Suggestion]]

Posterior parietal

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Lateral geniculate nucleus

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‎Structure:

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Parvocellular layer

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#redirect[[Lateral geniculate nucleus]]

Midget cells

2013-05-18T21:14:13Z

Created page with "{{BioPsy}} A '''midget cell''' is one type of retinal ganglion cell. Midget cells originate in the ganglion cell layer of the retina, and project to the [[parvoce..."

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{{BioPsy}}
A '''midget cell''' is one type of [[retinal ganglion cell]]. Midget cells originate in the [[ganglion cell layer]] of the [[retina]], and project to the [[parvocellular layer]]s of the [[lateral geniculate nucleus]] (LGN). The axons of midget cells travel through the [[optic nerve]] and [[optic tract]], ultimately synapsing with [[parvocellular cell]]s in the LGN. These cells are known as midget retinal ganglion cells due to the small sizes of their [[dendrite|dendritic trees]] and cell bodies. About 80% of RGCs are midget cells. They receive inputs from relatively few rods and cones. In many cases, they are connected to midget [[Bipolar cell of the retina|bipolar cells]], which are linked to one cone each.<ref> "eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. [[Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD]] </ref> They have slow [[conduction velocity]], and respond to changes in color but respond only weakly to changes in contrast unless the change is great.<ref>Principles of Neural Science 4th Ed. Kandel et al.</ref> They have simple center-surround [[receptive fields]], where the center may be either ON or OFF while the surround is the opposite.

==See also==
*[[Parasol cell]]
*[[Bistratified cell]]
*[[Photosensitive ganglion cell]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Eye anatomy}}

[[Category:Histology]]
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Visual system]]
[[Category:Human cells]]

{{enWP|Midget cells}}

Midget cell

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Bistratified cell

2013-05-18T20:22:43Z

Created page with "{{BioPsy}} A '''small-field bistratified cell''', or just '''bistratified cell''', is a retinal ganglion cell whose cell body is located in the ganglion cell layer of ..."

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{{BioPsy}}
A '''small-field bistratified cell''', or just '''bistratified cell''', is a [[retinal ganglion cell]] whose cell body is located in the [[ganglion cell layer]] of the [[retina]]. Bistratified cells receive their input from [[Bipolar cell of the retina|bipolar cells]] and [[amacrine cell]]s. The bistratified cells project their axons through the [[optic nerve]] and [[optic tract]] to the koniocellular layers in the [[lateral geniculate nucleus]] (LGN), synapsing with [[koniocellular cell]]s. Koniocellular means “cells as small as dust”; their small size made them hard to find. About 8 to 10% of retinal ganglion cells are bistratified cells. They receive inputs from intermediate numbers of rods and cones. They have moderate spatial resolution, moderate conduction velocity, and can respond to moderate-contrast stimuli. They may be involved in color vision. They have very large [[receptive fields]] that only have centers (no surrounds) and are always ON to the blue cone and OFF to both the red and green cone.

==See also==
*[[Parasol cell]]
*[[Midget cell]]
*[[Photosensitive ganglion cell]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Eye anatomy}}

[[Category:Histology]]
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Visual system]]
[[Category:Human cells]]

{{enWP|Bistratified cell}}

K cells

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K-cell

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Koniocellular cells

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 ===Commercial Websites===
 * [http://www.mobilerobots.com/ MobileRobots Inc] Intelligent programmable mobile robot bases, software and end-user solutions
 * [http://www.microbric.com/ Microbric] Solderless Robotic Kits
@@ Line 257: / Line 258: @@
 * [http://www.iguana-robotics.com/RobotUniverse/ Robot Universe] &ndash; Link directory at a commercial site
 * [http://www.robodynamics.com RoboDynamics] - creators of MILO Robotic Personal Assistant
 * [http://www.robots.com/ Industrial Automation Robots] &ndash; RobotWorx is a turnkey integrator of new and refurbished robotic systems with emphasis on industrial automation and other robot applications.
 * [http://ants.dif.um.es/~humberto/robots/ BGA architecture and robotic software ]
@@ Line 267: / Line 269: @@
 * [http://www.roombadevtools.com RoombaDevTools.com], provides development tools to use roomba as a robotic base
 * [http://www.ucimu.it/eng/index.cfm?id=9 Association of Italian Manufacturers of Machine Tools, Robots, Automation Systems and ancillary products.]
 ===Robotics in Medicine===

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:17, May 19, 2013
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	Thank you for taking the time to support your recent edits. They seem appropriate. We listen. Best wishes. [[User:Dr Joe Kiff\|Dr Joe Kiff]] ([[User talk:Dr Joe Kiff\|talk]]) 01:00, May 19, 2013 (UTC)		Thank you for taking the time to support your recent edits. They seem appropriate. We listen. Best wishes. [[User:Dr Joe Kiff\|Dr Joe Kiff]] ([[User talk:Dr Joe Kiff\|talk]]) 01:00, May 19, 2013 (UTC)
		+	:: sure, just provide reliable sources and that would be fine. [[User:Dr. Becker-Weidman\|<b><font color="#FF9933" face="monotype"><big>Dr. Becker-Weidman</big></font></b>]] <sup>[[User_talk:AWeidman\|<font color="#00FF00">Talk</font>]]</sup> 01:17, May 19, 2013 (UTC)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:16, May 19, 2013
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	Thank You		Thank You
		+	: sure, just provide reliable sources and that would be fine. [[User:Dr. Becker-Weidman\|<b><font color="#FF9933" face="monotype"><big>Dr. Becker-Weidman</big></font></b>]] <sup>[[User_talk:AWeidman\|<font color="#00FF00">Talk</font>]]</sup> 01:16, May 19, 2013 (UTC)

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 A related concept is [[counterresistance]], which includes therapist behaviours that influence the therapeutic process through such "blockings" as (hostile) silence, attempting to change the subject, or otherwise preventing unwanted ideas or feelings from rising to the fore.  Counterresistance can result from a therapist's colluding with the patient's resistance to explore or work through unpleasant issues but can also originate exclusively from the therapist.  An example would be an overweight therapist consistently steering an equally overweight client away from discussions about weight loss.
 -----
 ==See also==
 *[[Body-centred countertransference]]
 *[[Enactments]]
 *[[Empathy]]
 *[[Negative therapeutic reaction]]
 *[[Professional client sexual relations]]
 *[[Psychotherapeutic processes]]
 *[[Psychotherapeutic transference]]
-*[[Mirror neurons]]
+*[[Role suction]]
 *[[Sexual countertransference]]
 *[[Sexual transference]]
 ==References & Bibliography==

@@ Line 429: / Line 429: @@
 == PLEASE LISTEN ==
 Hey doctor, i studied Anthropology for 8 years and was viewing the page over (eye color). I edited or removed a couple of sentences (2 sentences) because there was no sources and did not flow with the rests of the page, for example, one paragraph was talking about grey eyes and then all of sudden " Grey eyes can be found among Jews" and then on to the next topic.
-Not only is it poorly written, especially to point out one group of people and exclude the rest that exist. I also recall a sentence saying blue eyes rarely exist in "so-so" country, when the sentence didnt included other countries where blue eyes rarely exist, for example, not even mentioning Sub-Saharan Africa. The two sentences i removed were not true either. Leaving these two sentences out not only makes the paragraphs more broad and it also makes the article factual. The article is available to edit for multiple users, and my edit was coming from good intentions, so why revert everyones edits? As a previous working Anthropologist some of the sentences were clearly written by unclaimed facts. I made the edits so their more broad, its not like i erased all the work or was vandalizing, since the the sentences had no sources and leaving them out makes the article flow better with the rest. Please e-mail me back so i can give you proof of the edits or rewording the sentences. As a Anthropologist i believe i have a little more education is this specfic topic that involves distribution into other countries...etc[[User:Nursingxmajor|Nursingxmajor]] ([[User talk:Nursingxmajor|talk]]) 00:45, May 19, 2013 (UTC)
+Not only is it poorly written, especially to point out one group of people and exclude the rest that exist. I also recall a sentence saying blue eyes rarely exist in "so-so" country, when the sentence didnt included other countries where blue eyes rarely exist, for example, not even mentioning Sub-Saharan Africa. The two sentences i removed were not true either. Leaving these two sentences out not only makes the paragraphs more broad and it also makes the article factual. The article is available to edit for multiple users, and my edit was coming from good intentions, so why revert everyones edits? As a previous working Anthropologist some of the sentences were clearly written by unclaimed facts. I made the edits so their more broad, its not like i erased all the work or was vandalizing, since the the sentences had no sources and leaving them out makes the article flow better with the rest. Please e-mail me back so i can give you proof of the edits or rewording the sentences. As a Anthropologist i believe i have a little more education is this specfic topic that involves distribution into other countries...etc [[User:Nursingxmajor|Nursingxmajor]] ([[User talk:Nursingxmajor|talk]]) 00:45, May 19, 2013 (UTC)

@@ Line 580: / Line 580: @@
 Hey doctor, i studied Anthropology for 8 years and was viewing the page over (eye color). I edited or removed a couple of sentences (2 sentences) because there was no sources and did not flow with the rests of the page, for example, one paragraph was talking about grey eyes and then all of sudden " Grey eyes can be found among Jews" and then on to the next topic.
-Not only is it poorly written, especially to point out one group of people and exclude the rest that exist. I also recall a sentence saying blue eyes rarely exist in "so-so" country, when the sentence didnt included other countries where blue eyes rarely exist, for example, not even mentioning Sub-Saharan Africa. The two sentences i removed were not true either. Leaving these two sentences out not only makes the paragraphs more broad and it also makes the article factual. The article is available to edit for multiple users, and my edit was coming from good intentions, so why revert everyones edits? As a previous working Anthropologist some of the sentences were clearly written by unclaimed facts. I made the edits so their more broad, its not like i erased all the work or was vandalizing, since the the sentences had no sources and leaving them out makes the article flow better with the rest. Please e-mail me back so i can give you proof of the edits or rewording the sentences. As a Anthropologist i believe i have a little more education is this specfic topic that involves countries involved...etc [[User:Nursingxmajor|Nursingxmajor]] ([[User talk:Nursingxmajor|talk]]) 00:29, May 19, 2013 (UTC)
+Not only is it poorly written, especially to point out one group of people and exclude the rest that exist. I also recall a sentence saying blue eyes rarely exist in "so-so" country, when the sentence didnt included other countries where blue eyes rarely exist, for example, not even mentioning Sub-Saharan Africa. The two sentences i removed were not true either. Leaving these two sentences out not only makes the paragraphs more broad and it also makes the article factual. The article is available to edit for multiple users, and my edit was coming from good intentions, so why revert everyones edits? As a previous working Anthropologist some of the sentences were clearly written by unclaimed facts. I made the edits so their more broad, its not like i erased all the work or was vandalizing, since the the sentences had no sources and leaving them out makes the article flow better with the rest. Please e-mail me back so i can give you proof of the edits or rewording the sentences. As a Anthropologist i believe i have a little more education is this specfic topic that involves distribution to other countries...etc [[User:Nursingxmajor|Nursingxmajor]] ([[User talk:Nursingxmajor|talk]]) 00:29, May 19, 2013 (UTC)
 Thank You

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, May 19, 2013
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	[[User:Dr. Becker-Weidman\|<b><font color="#FF9933" face="monotype"><big>Dr. Becker-Weidman</big></font></b>]] <sup>[[User_talk:AWeidman\|<font color="#00FF00">Talk</font>]]</sup> 01:01, May 1, 2013 (UTC)		[[User:Dr. Becker-Weidman\|<b><font color="#FF9933" face="monotype"><big>Dr. Becker-Weidman</big></font></b>]] <sup>[[User_talk:AWeidman\|<font color="#00FF00">Talk</font>]]</sup> 01:01, May 1, 2013 (UTC)
		+
		+	== PLEASE LISTEN ==
		+
		+	Hey doctor, i studied Anthropology for 8 years and was viewing the page over (eye color). I edited or removed a couple of sentences (2 sentences) because there was no sources and did not flow with the rests of the page, for example, one paragraph was talking about grey eyes and then all of sudden " Grey eyes can be found among Jews" and then on to the next topic.
		+
		+	Not only is it poorly written, especially to point out one group of people and exclude the rest that exist. I also recall a sentence saying blue eyes rarely exist in "so-so" country, when the sentence didnt included other countries where blue eyes rarely exist, for example, not even mentioning Sub-Saharan Africa. The two sentences i removed were not true either. Leaving these two sentences out not only makes the paragraphs more broad and it also makes the article factual. The article is available to edit for multiple users, and my edit was coming from good intentions, so why revert everyones edits? As a previous working Anthropologist some of the sentences were clearly written by unclaimed facts. I made the edits so their more broad, its not like i erased all the work or was vandalizing, since the the sentences had no sources and leaving them out makes the article flow better with the rest. Please e-mail me back so i can give you proof of the edits or rewording the sentences. As a Anthropologist i believe i have a little more education is this specfic topic that involves distribution into other countries...etc[[User:Nursingxmajor\|Nursingxmajor]] ([[User talk:Nursingxmajor\|talk]]) 00:45, May 19, 2013 (UTC)

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:43, May 19, 2013
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	Hi Art. Yes I am now back from my travels. Just settling back into our routine at home. I am looking forward to another stint of work on the wiki. Thanks for all your help. [[User:Dr Joe Kiff\|Dr Joe Kiff]] ([[User talk:Dr Joe Kiff\|talk]]) 09:00, May 4, 2013 (UTC)		Hi Art. Yes I am now back from my travels. Just settling back into our routine at home. I am looking forward to another stint of work on the wiki. Thanks for all your help. [[User:Dr Joe Kiff\|Dr Joe Kiff]] ([[User talk:Dr Joe Kiff\|talk]]) 09:00, May 4, 2013 (UTC)
		+
		+	== PLEASE LISTEN ==
		+
		+	Hey doctor, i studied Anthropology for 8 years and was viewing the page over (eye color). I edited or removed a couple of sentences (2 sentences) because there was no sources and did not flow with the rests of the page, for example, one paragraph was talking about grey eyes and then all of sudden " Grey eyes can be found among Jews" and then on to the next topic.
		+
		+	Not only is it poorly written, especially to point out one group of people and exclude the rest that exist. I also recall a sentence saying blue eyes rarely exist in "so-so" country, when the sentence didnt included other countries where blue eyes rarely exist, for example, not even mentioning Sub-Saharan Africa. The two sentences i removed were not true either. Leaving these two sentences out not only makes the paragraphs more broad and it also makes the article factual. The article is available to edit for multiple users, and my edit was coming from good intentions, so why revert everyones edits? As a previous working Anthropologist some of the sentences were clearly written by unclaimed facts. I made the edits so their more broad, its not like i erased all the work or was vandalizing, since the the sentences had no sources and leaving them out makes the article flow better with the rest. Please e-mail me back so i can give you proof of the edits or rewording the sentences. As a Anthropologist i believe i have a little more education is this specfic topic that involves countries involved...etc [[User:Nursingxmajor\|Nursingxmajor]] ([[User talk:Nursingxmajor\|talk]]) 00:29, May 19, 2013 (UTC)
		+
		+	Thank You

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 [[Image:greeneyes.jpg|thumb|175px|right|Green eyes]]
-Green eyes are the product of moderate amounts of melanin. Only 1-2% of the world's population has green eyes. Green eyes are the least common eye color. They are most often found among people of [[Northern Europe]] and to a lesser extent [[Southern Europe]], in parts of [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]].[http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-18.htm][http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-14.htm][http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-02.htm][http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-19.htm]. [http://bestuff.com/stuff/green-eyes]Other ethnically Nordic countries like [[Iceland]], [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Germany]], and the [[Netherlands]][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15226032] have a high percentage of green eyes. The [[Pashtuns]] are often called "Hurry Ankehian Wallay": the green-eyed people.
+Green eyes are the product of moderate amounts of melanin. Only 1-2% of the world's population has green eyes. Green eyes are the least common eye color. They are most often found among people of [[Northern Europe]] and to a lesser extent [[Southern Europe]], in parts of [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]].[http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-18.htm][http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-14.htm][http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-02.htm][http://carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-19.htm]. [http://bestuff.com/stuff/green-eyes]Other ethnically Nordic countries like [[Iceland]], [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Germany]], and the [[Netherlands]][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15226032] have a high percentage of green eyes.
 ===Gray===
@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 Blue eyes are mostly common throughout Northern and less in Eastern Europe. {{Fact|date=February 2008}} One survey estimated that nearly 90% of [[Icelander]]s have blue or
 green eyes. Blue eyes are common in [[Germany]], [[Netherlands]], [[Iceland]], [[Austria]], [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], and [[Estonia]].
-<ref>Rafnsson V, Hrafnkelsson J, Tulinius H, Sigurgeirsson B, Olafsson JH. "Risk factors for malignant melanoma in an Icelandic population sample." ''Prev Med.'' 2004 Aug;39(2):247-52. PMID 15226032</ref> They are also present in Southern Europe, and rarely in [[India]] and in some population of [[Central Asia]] and the [[Middle East]], especially in Lebanon. They are seen as a common trait among the Pashtun and Tajik community in the north and east of Afghanistan.
+<ref>Rafnsson V, Hrafnkelsson J, Tulinius H, Sigurgeirsson B, Olafsson JH. "Risk factors for malignant melanoma in an Icelandic population sample." ''Prev Med.'' 2004 Aug;39(2):247-52. PMID 15226032</ref> They are also present in Southern Europe,  [[India]] and in some population of [[Central Asia]] and the [[Middle East]].
 A 2002 study found the prevalence of blue eye color among whites in the United States to be 33.8% for those born between 1936 and 1951 compared to 57.4% for those born between 1899 and 1905.<ref name="Grant"/>
 As melanin production generally increases during the first few years of life (especially if exposed to the sun), the blue eyes of some babies may darken as they get older.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}
 <br clear="all" />
 ===Violet===

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 In [[psychotherapy]], '''countertransference''' is a condition where the therapist, as a result of the therapy sessions, begins to transfer the therapist's own unconscious feelings to the patient.  For example, a therapist might have a strong desire for a client to get all 'A's' in university because the client reminds her of her children at that stage in life, and the anxieties that the therapist experienced during that time.
-Countertransference is also sometimes defined as the entire body of feelings that the therapist has toward the patient, and also includes cases where the therapist literally takes on the suffering of his/her patient <ref>Jung, '''The psychology of the transference''', pg 8</ref>. In the most extreme of cases, it can result in the therapist taking on the neurosis or psychosis of the patient, such as bouts of paranoia or psychotic intervals, illustrated by [[Carl Jung|Jung]] in the case of schizophrenia.<ref>Jung, '''The psychology of the transference''', pg 8</ref>
+Countertransference is also sometimes defined as the entire body of feelings that the therapist has toward the patient, and also includes cases where the therapist literally takes on the suffering of his/her patient <ref>Jung, '''The psychology of the transference''', pg 8</ref>. In the most extreme of cases, it can result in the therapist taking on the [[neurosis]] or [[psychosis]] of the patient, such as bouts of [[paranoia]] or psychotic intervals, illustrated by [[Carl Jung|Jung]] in the case of schizophrenia.<ref>Jung, '''The psychology of the transference''', pg 8</ref>
 Countertransference is defined in opposition to [[transference]], where a person in therapy begins to transfer feelings (whether positive or negative) to the therapist.  For example, the person in therapy may begin to look at the therapist as if the therapist were the patient's mother, transferring their feelings for the real mother to the therapist.  This is considered a positive sign in [[psychoanalytic]] therapy, showing that the patient is making progress.
 In ''On Becoming a Counselor'', [[Eugene Kennedy]] states that ''countertransference''  has the potential to be present in any counseling relationship <ref>''On Becoming A Counselor, Revised Edition : A Basic Guide for Nonprofessional Counselors and Other Helpers'' by Eugene Kennedy</ref>. He states that it is often one of the biggest challenges for a new counselor to overcome, and while there is no way to totally overcome the problem of counter-transference (since as humans we all form opinions of others) learning to not let countertransference affect a counseling relationship is key. The mantra "only connect" is often associated with this effect.
@@ Line 29: / Line 31: @@
 ==References & Bibliography==
 <References/>
 ==Key texts==
 ===Books===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{PersonPsy}}
-'''Theodore X. Barber'''(1927–2005)<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23">{{cite news | last = Pearce | first = Jeremy | date = September 23, 2005 | title = Theodore Barber Dies at 78; Was Major Critic of Hypnosis | work = [[New York Times]] | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/23/national/23barber.html | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist who along with [[Sheryl C. Wilson]] first identified the [[fantasy prone personality]] in 1981.
+'''Theodore Xenophon Barber'''(1927–2005)<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23">{{cite news | last = Pearce | first = Jeremy | date = September 23, 2005 | title = Theodore Barber Dies at 78; Was Major Critic of Hypnosis | work = [[New York Times]] | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/23/national/23barber.html | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist who along with [[Sheryl C. Wilson]] first identified the [[fantasy prone personality]] in 1981.
 Along with [[David Smith Calverley]] (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news | date = March 22, 2008 | title = David S. Calverley, 71 | work = [[Cape Cod Times]] | url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> he studied "hypnotic behavior". They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis|hypnotic induction]].  One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23" />

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−	'''David Smith Calverley''' (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news \| date = March 22, 2008 \| title = David S. Calverley, 71 \| work = [[Cape Cod Times]] \| url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 \| accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist. He studied "hypnotic behavior" with [[Theodore Xenophon Barber]]. They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis\|hypnotic induction]]. One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].	+	'''David Smith Calverley''' (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news \| date = March 22, 2008 \| title = David S. Calverley, 71 \| work = [[Cape Cod Times]] \| url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 \| accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist. He studied "hypnotic behavior" with [[Theodore Xenophon Barber]]. They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis\|hypnotic induction]]. One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].

		+	==References==
		+	<references/>

	[[Category:American psychologists]]		[[Category:American psychologists]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 '''Theodore X. Barber'''(1927–2005)<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23">{{cite news | last = Pearce | first = Jeremy | date = September 23, 2005 | title = Theodore Barber Dies at 78; Was Major Critic of Hypnosis | work = [[New York Times]] | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/23/national/23barber.html | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> was an American psychologist who along with [[Sheryl C. Wilson]] first identified the [[fantasy prone personality]] in 1981.
-Along with '''David Smith Calverley''' (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news | date = March 22, 2008 | title = David S. Calverley, 71 | work = [[Cape Cod Times]] | url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> he studied "hypnotic behavior". They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis|hypnotic induction]].  One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23" />
+Along with [[David Smith Calverley]] (1937–2008)<ref name="CapeCodTimes2008-03-22">{{cite news | date = March 22, 2008 | title = David S. Calverley, 71 | work = [[Cape Cod Times]] | url = http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080322/OBITS/803220333/-1/rss13 | accessdate = 20 January 2010 }}</ref> he studied "hypnotic behavior". They measured how susceptible patients were to [[Hypnosis|hypnotic induction]].  One result of their research was showing that the hypnotic induction was not superior to motivational instructions in producing a heightened state of [[suggestibility]].<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23" />
 The '''Barber Suggestibility Scale''', a product of their research, measures [[hypnotic susceptibility]] with or without the use of a hypnotic induction.<ref name="Pearce2005-09-23" />

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 *[[Fantasies (thought disturbances)]]
 *[[Fantasy (defence mechanism)]]
 *[[Ideation]]
 [[Category:Cognitive processes]]
 [[Category:Psychological adjustment]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==See also==
 *[[Countersuggestion]]
 *[[Posthypnotic suggestions]]
 *[[Priming]]
 ==References & Bibliography==

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 *[[Semantic priming]]
 *[[Set (psychology)]]
 ==References==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{CogPsy}}
-A '''countersuggestion''' has two meanings in psychology.
+A '''countersuggestion''' has two meanings in psychology <ref>Reber, AS & Reber ES (2001). Dictionary of Psychology, 3rd ed. London:Penguin. </ref>.
 In general use it refers to a [[suggestion]] made to counter a previously made one.
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 *[[Piaget's theory of cognitive development]]
 [[Category:Piagetian psychology]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{BioPsy}}
-'''Koniocellular''' refers to a visual pathway in the brains of some animals.
+[[Image:lateral geniculate nucleus.png|thumb|Schematic diagram of the primate LGN. Koniocellular neurons not labeled, but are present between the layers.]]
-For a current review see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10845061&dopt=Abstract here]
+A '''koniocellular cell''' (K-cell) is a [[neuron]] whose cell body is located in the koniocellular layer of the [[lateral geniculate nucleus]] in primates, including humans.  The koniocellular cells receive their input from [[Bistratified cell|bistratified retinal ganglion cells]] exiting the [[optic tract]], and send their information via [[Interneuron|relay neurons]] in the [[optic radiation]] to the [[primary visual cortex]].<ref name="pmid20179789">{{cite journal |author=Warner CE, Goldshmit Y, Bourne JA |title=Retinal afferents synapse with relay cells targeting the middle temporal area in the pulvinar and lateral geniculate nuclei |journal=Front Neuroanat |volume=4 |issue= |pages=8 |year=2010 |pmid=20179789 |pmc=2826187 |doi=10.3389/neuro.05.008.2010 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11179404">{{cite journal |author=Xu X, Ichida JM, Allison JD, Boyd JD, Bonds AB, Casagrande VA |title=A comparison of koniocellular, magnocellular and parvocellular receptive field properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=531 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=203–18 |year=2001 |month=February |pmid=11179404 |pmc=2278453 |doi= |url=http://www.jphysiol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11179404}}</ref>  The koniocellular layers are located between the magnocellular and parvocellular layers, in thin interlaminar regions of the LGN.  As part of a general pattern, K neurons form robust layers through the full representation of the visual hemifield.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}