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| − | '''Shelley Elizabeth Taylor''' (born 1946) is a distinguished professor of psychology at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]]. She received her Ph.D. from [[Yale University]], and was formerly on the faculty at [[Harvard University]].<ref>Taylor, Shelley E. (2008). She received her B.A. from Connecticut College, graduating Phi Beta Kappa. From social psychology to neuroscience and back. In R. Levine, A. Rodrigues & L. Zelezny (Eds.) ''Journeys in Social Psychology: Looking Back to Inspire the Future'' (pp. 39-54). New York: Psychology Press.</ref>. |
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| − | A prolific author of books and scholarly journal articles, Taylor has long been a leading figure in two subfields related to her primary discipline of [[social psychology]]: [[social cognition]] and [[health psychology]]. Her books include [http://www.henryholt.com/holt/tendinginstinct.htm ''The Tending Instinct''] and [http://catalogs.mhhe.com/mhhe/viewProductDetails.do?isbn=0070211914 ''Social Cognition''], the latter by [[Susan Fiske]] and Shelley Taylor. |
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| − | Taylor's professional honors include the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the [[American Psychological Association]] (APA; 1996),<ref>http://www.apa.org/about/awards/scientific-contributions.aspx</ref> the William James Fellow Award from the [[Association for Psychological Science]] (APS; 2001),<ref>http://www.psychologicalscience.org/awards/james/citations/taylor.cfm</ref> and the APA's Lifetime Achievement Award, which she received in August 2010.<ref>http://www.psych.ucla.edu/special-news-events/shelley-taylor-receives-award</ref> Taylor was inducted into the [[United States National Academy of Sciences]] in 2009.<ref>http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=04282009</ref> |
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| − | ==Theoretical and Empirical Contributions== |
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| − | ===Social Cognition=== |
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| − | Taylor's early work addressed classic questions in [[social cognition]], an area that was rapidly developing in the 1970s and early 1980s. Much of this work concerned the effects of context and perspective on [[attribution processes]]. Taylor was among the first to apply the breakthrough work of [[Daniel Kahneman]] and [[Amos Tversky]] on [[heuristics]] and [[cognitive biases]] to the field of [[social psychology]] (e.g. Taylor, 1982). |
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| − | Subsequent work on [[adaptation]] and [[coping]] in women with [[breast cancer]] led to the development of [[Taylor's theory of cognitive adaptation]] (Taylor, 1983). Taylor has also conducted research on [[social comparison]] processes and on the beneficial effects of [[positive illusions]] (Taylor & Brown, 1988), with a particular focus on the use of [[self-enhancement]]. Taylor has continued to conduct and publish research on [[social cognition]] throughout the 1990s and 2000s. |
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| − | In 1984, Taylor co-authored a book entitled ''Social Cognition'' with her student [[Susan Fiske]]. This book became instrumental in defining the scope and ambition of the nascent field of [[social cognition]]. A second edition was published in 1991, and a sequel of sorts entitled ''Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture'' appeared in 2007. |
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| − | ====Positive Illusions==== |
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| − | Arguably, Taylor's most influential work in social cognition has concerned the use of positive illusions (Taylor & Brown, 1988), with a particular focus on the use of self-enhancement and the self-enhancement bias. Taylor has described the use of positive illusions as follows: "Rather than perceiving themselves, the world, and the future accurately, most people regard themselves, their circumstances, and the future as considerably more positive than is objectively likely.... These illusions are not merely characteristic of human thought; they appear actually to be adaptive, promoting rather than undermining good mental health."<ref>Weiten, Wayne. (2004). ''Psychology: Themes and Variations''. Sixth Edition. page 533.</ref> |
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| − | ===Health Psychology=== |
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| − | Taylor helped to found the field of [[health psychology]] in the 1980s and 1990s, together with UCLA colleague [[Christine Dunkel-Schetter]], former Yale classmate [[Howard S. Friedman]], and other key scholars. |
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| − | ===Social Neuroscience=== |
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| − | Taylor has become a leading figure in the newly emerging field of [[social neuroscience]]. This work has included research using [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (fMRI), conducted in collaboration with UCLA colleagues [[Matthew Lieberman]] and [[Naomi Eisenberger]] (e.g. Eisenberger et al., 2007; Taylor, Burklund et al., 2008; Taylor, Eisenberger et al., 2006), as well as research on the [[serotonin transporter polymorphism]] (Taylor, Way et al., 2006) and on plasma [[oxytocin]] and [[vasopressin]] (Taylor, Gonzaga et al., 2006; Taylor, Saphire-Bernstein & Seeman, 2010). |
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| − | ===The Tend-and-Befriend Model=== |
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| − | One of Taylor's most significant contributions to psychological science in recent years has been the development of the [[Tend-and-Befriend model]], first described in a ''Psychological Review'' article published in the year 2000 (Taylor et al., 2000). |
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| − | ==Publications== |
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| − | ''Note: List is selective and includes only highly cited and important works and works cited above.'' |
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| − | *Eisenberger, N. I., Taylor, S. E., Gable, S. L., Hilmert, C. J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses. ''Neuroimage, 35'', 1601-1612. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E. (1982). The availability bias in social perception and interaction. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic & A. Tversky (Eds.) ''Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases'' (pp. 190–200). New York: Cambridge University Press. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. ''American Psychologist, 38'', 1161-1173. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E. (2008). From social psychology to neuroscience and back. In R. Levine, A. Rodrigues & L. Zelezny (Eds.) ''Journeys in Social Psychology: Looking Back to Inspire the Future'' (pp. 39–54). New York: Psychology Press. |
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| − | *{{citation |year=1988 |author=Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D |title= Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume= 103 |issue=2 |pages= 193–210 |url=http://www.lrsi.uqam.ca/documents/PSY9520/05%20-%20l'estime%20de%20soi%202%20-%20ses%20fonctions,%20cons%E9quences,%20et%20processus%20alternatifs/TAYLOR~1.PDF |accessdate=25 June 2010}} |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E., Burklund, L. J., Eisenberger, N. I., Lehman, B. J., Hilmert, C. J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2008). Neural bases of moderation of cortisol stress responses by psychosocial resources. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95'', 197-211. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E., Eisenberger, N. I., Saxbe, D., Lehman, B. J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2006). Neural responses to emotional stimuli are associated with childhood family stress. ''Biological Psychiatry, 60'', 296-301. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E., Gonzaga, G. C., Klein, L. C., Hu, P., Greendale, G. A., & Seeman, T. E. (2006). Relation of oxytocin to psychological stress responses and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity in older women. ''Psychosomatic Medicine, 68'', 238-245. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. ''Psychological Review, 107'', 411-429. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E., Saphire-Bernstein, S., & Seeman, T. E. (2010). Are plasma oxytocin in women and plasma vasopressin in men biomarkers of distressed pair-bond relationships? ''Psychological Science, 21'', 3-7. |
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| − | *Taylor, S. E., Way B. M., Welch, W. T., Hilmert, C. J., Lehman, B. J., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2006). Early family environment, current adversity, the serotonin transporter polymorphism, and depressive symptomatology. ''Biological Psychiatry, 60'', 671-676. |
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| − | ==References== |
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| − | {{reflist}} |
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| − | ==External links== |
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| − | * [http://www.psych.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty_page?id=89&area=11 Shelley Taylor website] via UCLA |
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| − | * [http://www.apa.org/archives/adsc.html American Psychological Association winners of Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award] |
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| − | * [http://taylorlab.psych.ucla.edu/ Taylor Lab at UCLA] |
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| − | {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| − | | NAME = Taylor, Shelley |
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| − | | DATE OF BIRTH = 1946 |
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| − | [[Category:Living people]] |
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| − | [[Category:Social psychologists]] |
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| − | [[Category:Yale University alumni]] |
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| − | [[Category:Harvard University faculty]] |
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| − | [[Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty]] |
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| − | [[Category:1946 births]] |
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| − | [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:53, 12 August 2013
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