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(New page: {{ClinPsy}} '''Self-defeating personality disorder''' (also known as '''masochistic personality disorder''') is a personality disorder that was was never formally admitted into the ''[...)
 
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'''Self-defeating personality disorder''' (also known as '''masochistic personality disorder''') is a [[personality disorder]] that was was never formally admitted into the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' ([[DSM]]). It was discussed in an appendix of the manual's revised third edition (DSM-III-R). Nevertheless, some researchers and theorists continue to use its criteria.
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'''Self-defeating personality disorder''' (also known as '''masochistic personality disorder''') is a [[personality disorder]] that was never formally admitted into the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' (DSM). It was discussed in an appendix of the manual's revised third edition (DSM-III-R). As an alternative, the diagnosis [[Personality disorder not otherwise specified]] may be used instead. Some researchers and theorists continue to use its criteria.
   
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==History==
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== DSM research criteria ==
  
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{{Expand section|date=November 2009}}
⚫
Self-defeating personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of self-defeating behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The person may often avoid or undermine pleasurable experiences, be drawn to situations or relationships in which he or she will suffer, and prevent others from helping him or her, as indicated by at least five of the following:
  
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⚫
* Chooses people and situations that lead to disappointment, failure, or mistreatment even when better options are clearly available
  
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==Proposed DSM III-R criteria "needing further study"==
⚫
* Rejects or renders ineffective the attempts of others to help him or her
  
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Self-defeating personality disorder is:
⚫
* Following positive personal events (e.g., new achievement), responds with depression, guilt, or a behavior that produces pain ( e.g., an accident)
  
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⚫
* Incites angry or rejecting responses from others and then feels hurt, defeated, or humiliated (e.g., makes fun of spouse in public, provoking an angry retort, then feels devastated)
  
  ⚫
:A) A pervasive pattern of self-defeating behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The person may often avoid or undermine pleasurable experiences, be drawn to situations or relationships in which he or she will suffer, and prevent others from helping him, as indicated by at least five of the following:
⚫
* Rejects opportunities for pleasure, or is reluctant to acknowledge enjoying himself or herself (despite having adequate social skills and the capacity for pleasure)
  
  +
⚫
* Fails to accomplish tasks crucial to his or her personal objectives despite demonstrated ability to do so, e.g., helps fellow students write papers , but is unable to write his or her own
  
  ⚫
:# chooses people and situations that lead to disappointment, failure, or mistreatment even when better options are clearly available
⚫
* Is uninterested in or rejects people who consistently treat him or her well, e.g., is unattracted to caring sexual partners
  
  ⚫
:# rejects or renders ineffective the attempts of others to help him or her
⚫
* Engages in excessive self-sacrifice that is unsolicited by the intended recipients of the sacrifice
  
  ⚫
:# following positive personal events (e.g., new achievement), responds with depression, [[guilt]], or a behavior that produces pain ( e.g., an accident)
  ⚫
:# incites angry or rejecting responses from others and then feels hurt, defeated, or [[humiliated]] (e.g., makes fun of spouse in public, provoking an angry retort, then feels devastated)
  ⚫
:# rejects opportunities for pleasure, or is reluctant to acknowledge enjoying himself or herself (despite having adequate social skills and the capacity for pleasure)
  ⚫
:# fails to accomplish tasks crucial to his or her personal objectives despite demonstrated ability to do so, e.g., helps fellow students write papers, but is unable to write his or her own
  ⚫
:# is uninterested in or rejects people who consistently treat him well, e.g., is unattracted to caring sexual partners
  ⚫
:# engages in excessive [[self-sacrifice]] that is unsolicited by the intended recipients of the sacrifice
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  ⚫
:B) The behaviors in A do not occur exclusively in response to, or in anticipation of, being physically, sexually, or psychologically abused.
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:C) The behaviors in A do not occur only when the person is depressed.
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==Exclusion from DSM-IV==
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Historically, masochism has been associated with feminine [[submissiveness]]. This disorder became politically awkward when associated with domestic violence which is mostly caused by males <ref name=millon>Millon, Theodore, Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004</ref>. However a number of studies suggest that the disorder is common<ref>Kass, F Self-defeating personality disorder: an empirical study (1987)</ref><ref>Reich, J Prevalence of DSM-III-R self defeating (masochistic) personality disorder in normal and outpatient populations ''Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases'', 175, 52-54 (1987)</ref>. In spite of its exclusion from DSM-IV, it continues to enjoy widespread currency amongst clinicians as a construct that explains a great many facets of human behaviour<ref name=millon></ref>.
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[[Sadism and masochism as medical terms|Sexual masochism]] that "causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning" is still in DSM-IV.
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==Millon's subtypes==
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[[Theodore Millon]] identified four subtypes of masochist <ref name=millon></ref><ref name=millon9>[http://millon.net/taxonomy/summary.htm Millon, Theodore - Personality Subtypes]</ref>. Any individual masochist may exhibit none or one of the following:
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* '''self-undoing masochist''' - including [[avoidant personality disorder|avoidant]] features
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* '''possessive masochist''' - including negativistic ([[passive-aggressive]]) features
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* '''oppressed masochist''' - including [[depressive personality disorder|depressive]] features
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* '''virtuous masochist''' - including [[histrionic personality disorder|histrionic]] features.
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==Differential diagnosis: associated and overlapping conditions==
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==Prevalence (epidemiology)==
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==Causes (etiology)==
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==Treatment==
   
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The behaviors do not occur exclusively in response to, or in anticipation of, being physically, sexually, or psychologically abused. Also, the behaviors do not occur only when the person is depressed.
  
   
 
== See also ==
  
== See also ==
 
* [[Avoidant personality disorder]]
  
* [[Avoidant personality disorder]]
 
* [[Dependent personality disorder]]
  
* [[Dependent personality disorder]]
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* [[Masochistic personality]]
 
* [[Sadism and masochism]]
  
* [[Sadism and masochism]]
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* [[Self defeating behavior]]
 
* [[Sexual masochism (psychiatry)]]
  
* [[Sexual masochism (psychiatry)]]
   
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{{Personality Disorder}}
  
{{Personality Disorder}}
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[[Category:Masochistic personality]]
 
[[Category:Personality disorders]]
  
[[Category:Personality disorders]]
 
{{enWP|Self-defeating personality disorder}}
  
{{enWP|Self-defeating personality disorder}}

Revision as of 13:37, 1 January 2010

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Self-defeating personality disorder (also known as masochistic personality disorder) is a personality disorder that was never formally admitted into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It was discussed in an appendix of the manual's revised third edition (DSM-III-R). As an alternative, the diagnosis Personality disorder not otherwise specified may be used instead. Some researchers and theorists continue to use its criteria.

History

Template:Expand section

Proposed DSM III-R criteria "needing further study"

Self-defeating personality disorder is:

A) A pervasive pattern of self-defeating behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The person may often avoid or undermine pleasurable experiences, be drawn to situations or relationships in which he or she will suffer, and prevent others from helping him, as indicated by at least five of the following:
  1. chooses people and situations that lead to disappointment, failure, or mistreatment even when better options are clearly available
  2. rejects or renders ineffective the attempts of others to help him or her
  3. following positive personal events (e.g., new achievement), responds with depression, guilt, or a behavior that produces pain ( e.g., an accident)
  4. incites angry or rejecting responses from others and then feels hurt, defeated, or humiliated (e.g., makes fun of spouse in public, provoking an angry retort, then feels devastated)
  5. rejects opportunities for pleasure, or is reluctant to acknowledge enjoying himself or herself (despite having adequate social skills and the capacity for pleasure)
  6. fails to accomplish tasks crucial to his or her personal objectives despite demonstrated ability to do so, e.g., helps fellow students write papers, but is unable to write his or her own
  7. is uninterested in or rejects people who consistently treat him well, e.g., is unattracted to caring sexual partners
  8. engages in excessive self-sacrifice that is unsolicited by the intended recipients of the sacrifice
B) The behaviors in A do not occur exclusively in response to, or in anticipation of, being physically, sexually, or psychologically abused.
C) The behaviors in A do not occur only when the person is depressed.

Exclusion from DSM-IV

Historically, masochism has been associated with feminine submissiveness. This disorder became politically awkward when associated with domestic violence which is mostly caused by males [1]. However a number of studies suggest that the disorder is common[2][3]. In spite of its exclusion from DSM-IV, it continues to enjoy widespread currency amongst clinicians as a construct that explains a great many facets of human behaviour[1].

Sexual masochism that "causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning" is still in DSM-IV.

Millon's subtypes

Theodore Millon identified four subtypes of masochist [1][4]. Any individual masochist may exhibit none or one of the following:

  • self-undoing masochist - including avoidant features
  • oppressed masochist - including depressive features
  • virtuous masochist - including histrionic features.

Differential diagnosis: associated and overlapping conditions

Prevalence (epidemiology)

Causes (etiology)

Treatment

See also

External links

Personality Disorder
Personality disorder | Psychopathy 

DSM-IV Personality Disorders

Cluster A (Odd) - Schizotypal, Schizoid, Paranoid
Cluster B (Dramatic) - Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
Cluster C (Anxious) - Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive, Avoidant
Personality disorder not otherwise specified
Assessing Personality Disorder
MCMI | MMPI | Functional assessment
Treating Personality Disorder
DBT | CBT | Psychotherapy |Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy
Prominent workers in Personality Disorder
Millon | Linehan
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Millon, Theodore, Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004
  2. ↑ Kass, F Self-defeating personality disorder: an empirical study (1987)
  3. ↑ Reich, J Prevalence of DSM-III-R self defeating (masochistic) personality disorder in normal and outpatient populations Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 175, 52-54 (1987)
  4. ↑ Millon, Theodore - Personality Subtypes
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