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The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) is a rating scale to measure negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The scale was developed by Nancy Andreasen and was first published in 1981. SANS is split into 5 domains, and within each domain separate symptoms are rated from 0 (absent) to 5 (severe). The scale is closely linked to the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) which was published a few years later.

ItemsEdit

Affective Flattening or BluntingEdit

• Unchanging Facial Expression
• Decreased Spontaneous Movements
• Paucity of Expressive Gestures
• Poor Eye Contact
• Affective Nonresponsivity
• Lack of Vocal Inflections
• Global Rating of Affective Flattening
• Inappropriate Affect

AlogiaEdit

• Poverty of Speech
• Poverty of Content of Speech
• Blocking
• Increased Latency of Response
• Global Rating of Alogia

Avolition - ApathyEdit

• Grooming and Hygiene
• Impressistence at Work or School
• Physical Anergia
• Global Rating of Avolition - Apathy

Anhedonia - AsocialityEdit

• Recreational Interests and Activities
• Sexual Interest and Activity
• Ability to Feel Intimacy and Closeness
• Relationships with Friends and Peers
• Global Rating of Anhedonia-Asociality

AttentionEdit

• Social Inattentiveness
• Inattentiveness During Mental Status Testing
• Global Rating of Attention

See also Edit

• Schizophrenia - Assessment tools
  • Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
  • Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
  • Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)
• Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry

ReferencesEdit

Andreasen NC: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) . Iowa City, University of Iowa, 1981;

Andreasen NC. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 Jul;39(7):784-8. PMID 7165477

Further readingEdit

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