Recognition (learning)

Cognitive Psychology: Attention · Decision making · Learning · Judgement · Memory · Motivation · Perception · Reasoning · Thinking - Cognitive processes Cognition - Outline Index

Recognition (re+cognition) is a process that occurs in thinking when some event, process, pattern, or object recurs. Thus in order for something to be recognized, it must be familiar. This recurrence allows the recognizer to more properly react, and has survival value.

When the recognizer has correctly responded, this is a measure of understanding. For example, when some animals have never seen a human being before, they do not hide and they show no fear; but when they learn that a human being may be a threat, they may emit distress cries, flee or hide.

Even non-mammals can recognize when a situation signals danger, and will flee or hide. Baby spiders will flee when a mother spider sends a sharp pulse along the spider web. A male spider will gently poke a female spider's web to assess whether it is safe to approach the female without being killed himself.

Social process

When some person is recognized, they are accorded some special status, such as a name, title, or classification. Recognition can take many forms, such as mention in the mass media.

Acculturation

It becomes easier for persons to become accepted into some social process if they allow themselves to fit into a social identity, as a signal that they implicity accept some social norm. Thus the use of uniform dress is a signal for both group inclusion and acceptance. Gangs use signals and dress for this purpose.

Dress codes and norms even occur for religious groups.

As Technological Challenge

The technology for correct identification and classification for objects and even people has evolved over centuries. See, for example, pattern recognition.

History

For example, in the history of China, the Qianlong Emperor used large circular logos the size of a dinner plate to identify members of his family, and to distinguish them from his ordinary Han subjects, who had another symbol of privilege on their backs, the Mandarin square. This allowed his guards a method for easy recognition.

Recognition technology

There is no foolproof technology or mechanism for recognition, currently. The best that can be done today is self-identification and self-classification. This might include voice recognition or retinal scanning.

Thus recognition also bears a measure of risk, that one is wrong.

External links

Rybak, et.al's Models and hypotheses for face recognition

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Memory
Types of memory
Articulatory suppression‎ \| Auditory memory \| Autobiographical memory \| Collective memory \| Early memories \| Echoic Memory \| Eidetic memory \| Episodic memory \| Episodic-like memory \| Explicit memory \|Exosomatic memory \| False memory \|Flashbulb memory \| Iconic memory \| Implicit memory \| Institutional memory \| Long term memory \| Music-related memory \| Procedural memory \| Prospective memory \| Repressed memory \| Retrospective memory \| Semantic memory \| Sensory memory \| Short term memory \| Spatial memory \| State-dependent memory \| Tonal memory \| Transactive memory \| Transsaccadic memory \| Verbal memory \| Visual memory \| Visuospatial memory \| Working memory \|
Aspects of memory
Childhood amnesia \| Cryptomnesia \|Cued recall \| Eye-witness testimony \| Memory and emotion \| Forgetting \|Forgetting curve \| Free recall \| Levels-of-processing effect \| Memory consolidation \|Memory decay \| Memory distrust syndrome \|Memory inhibition \| Memory and smell \| Memory for the future \| Memory loss \| Memory optimization \| Memory trace \| Mnemonic \| Memory biases \| Modality effect \| Tip of the tongue \| Lethologica \| Memory loss \|Priming \| Primacy effect \| Reconstruction \| Proactive interference \| Prompting \| Recency effect \| Recall (learning) \| Recognition (learning) \| Reminiscence \| Retention \| Retroactive interference \| Serial position effect \| Serial recall \| Source amnesia \|
Memory theory
Atkinson-Shiffrin \| Baddeley \| CLARION \| Decay theory \| Dual-coding theory \| Interference theory \|Memory consolidation \| Memory encoding \| Memory-prediction framework \| Forgetting \| Recall \| Recognition \|
Mnemonics
Method of loci \| Mnemonic room system \| Mnemonic dominic system \| Mnemonic learning \| Mnemonic link system \|Mnemonic major system \| Mnemonic peg system \| [[]] \|[[]] \|
Neuroanatomy of memory
Amygdala \| Hippocampus \| prefrontal cortex \| Neurobiology of working memory \| Neurophysiology of memory \| Rhinal cortex \| Synapses \|[[]] \|
Neurochemistry of memory
Glutamatergic system \| of short term memory \| [[]] \|[[]] \| [[]] \| [[]] \| [[]] \| [[]] \|[[]] \|
Developmental aspects of memory
Prenatal memory \| \|Childhood memory \| Memory and aging \| [[]] \| [[]] \|
Memory in clinical settings
Alcohol amnestic disorder \| Amnesia \| Dissociative fugue \| False memory syndrome \| False memory \| Hyperthymesia \| Memory and aging \| Memory disorders \| Memory distrust syndrome Repressed memory Traumatic memory \|
Retention measures
Benton \| CAMPROMPT \| Implicit memory testing \| Indirect tests of memory \| MAS \| Memory tests for children \| MERMER \| Rey-15 \| Rivermead \| TOMM \| Wechsler \| WMT \| WRAML2 \|
Treating memory problems
CBT \| EMDR \| Psychotherapy \| Recovered memory therapy \|Reminiscence therapy \| Memory clinic \| Memory training \| Rewind technique \|
Prominant workers in memory\|-
Baddeley \| Broadbent \|Ebbinghaus \| Kandel \|McGaugh \| Schacter \| Treisman \| Tulving \|
Philosophy and historical views of memory
Aristotle \| [[]] \|[[]] \|[[]] \|[[]] \| [[]] \| [[]] \| [[]] \|
Miscellaneous
Journals \| Learning, Memory, and Cognition \|Journal of Memory and Language \|Memory \|Memory and Cognition \| [[]] \| [[]] \| [[]] \|

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