Psychological issues with antiretroviral drug use in HIV/AIDS

Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences ·

Psychological issues with antiretroviral drug use in HIV/AIDS centr mainly on issues around compliance and how this is mediated by factors such as attitudes.

Side effects of psychological interest

References & Bibliography

Key texts

Books

Beal, J., & Orrick, J. J. (2006). Antiretroviral Therapy: Beal, Jeffrey (Ed); Orrick, Joanne J (Ed); Alfonso, Kimberly (Ed).
Brown, K. (2006). Antiretroviral Therapy in Children: Beal, Jeffrey (Ed); Orrick, Joanne J (Ed); Alfonso, Kimberly (Ed).

Papers

Ahdieh-Grant, L., Tarwater, P. M., Schneider, M. F., Anastos, K., Cohen, M., Khalsa, A., et al. (2005). Factors and Temporal Trends Associated With Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Discontinuation in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 38(4) Apr 2005, 500-503.
Aina, O. O. (2007). Virologic, immunologic and clinical outcomes in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral treatment in faith-based health facilities. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
Ajithkumar, K., Iype, T., Arun, K. J., Ajitha, B. K., Aveenlal, K. P. R., & Antony, T. P. (2007). Impact of antiretroviral therapy on vocational rehabilitation: AIDS Care Vol 19(10) 2007, 1310-1312.
Akerele, E. O., Levin, F., Nunes, E., Brady, R., & Kleber, H. (2002). Effects of HIV triple therapy on methadone levels: The American Journal on Addictions Vol 11(4) Fal 2002, 308-314.
Albano, F., Giacomet, V., de Marco, G., Bruzzese, E., Starace, F., & Guarino, A. (2007). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children: A comparative evaluation of caregiver reports and physician judgment: AIDS Care Vol 19(6) Jul 2007, 764-766.
Albert, S. M., Weber, C. M., Todak, G., Polanco, C., Clouse, R., McElhiney, M., et al. (1999). An observed performance test of medication management ability in HIV: Relation to neuropsychological status and medication adherence outcomes: AIDS and Behavior Vol 3(2) Jun 1999, 121-128.
Alciati, A., Starace, F., Scaramelli, B., Campaniello, M., Adriani, B., Mellado, C., et al. (2001). Has there been a decrease in the prevalence of mood disorders in HIV-seropositive individuals since the introduction of combination therapy? : European Psychiatry Vol 16(8) Dec 2001, 491-496.
Ameli, N., Bacchetti, P., Morrow, R. A., Hessol, N. A., Wilkin, T., Young, M., et al. (2006). Herpes simplex virus infection in women in the WIHS: Epidemiology and effect of antiretroviral therapy on clinical manifestations: AIDS Vol 20(7) Apr 2006, 1051-1058.
Amico, K. R., Harman, J. J., & Johnson, B. T. (2006). Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions: A Research Synthesis of Trials, 1996 to 2004: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 41(3) Mar 2006, 285-297.
Amico, K. R., Konkle-Parker, D. J., Cornman, D. H., Barta, W. D., Ferrer, R., Norton, W. E., et al. (2007). Reasons for ART non-adherence in the Deep South: Adherence needs of a sample of HIV-positive patients in Mississippi: AIDS Care Vol 19(10) 2007, 1210-1218.
Amico, K. R., Toro-Alfonso, J., & Fisher, J. D. (2005). An empirical test of the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills model of antiretroviral therapy adherence: AIDS Care Vol 17(6) Aug 2005, 661-673.
Ammassari, A., Antinori, A., Aloisi, M. S., Trotta, M. P., Murri, R., Bartoli, L., et al. (2004). Depressive symptoms, neurocognitive impairment, and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Vol 45(5) Oct 2004, 394-402.
Ananworanich, J., Pumpradit, W., Apateerapong, W., Siangphoe, U., Saenawat, S., Phanuphak, P., et al. (2008). Preference for CD4-guided versus continuous HAART in Thailand: AIDS Care Vol 20(3) Mar 2008, 327-330.
Ances, B. M., Letendre, S. L., Alexander, T., & Ellis, R. J. (2008). Role of psychiatric medications as adjunct therapy in the treatment of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders: International Review of Psychiatry Vol 20(1) Feb 2008, 89-93.
Ances, B. M., Roc, A. C., Wang, J., Korczykowski, M., Okawa, J., Stern, J., et al. (2006). Caudate blood flow and volume are reduced in HIV-super(+) neurocognitively impaired patients: Neurology Vol 66(6) Mar 2006, 862-866.
Antela, A. (2001). Access to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected injection drug users: AIDS Vol 15(13) Sep 2001, 1727-1728.
Anthony, I. C., & Bell, J. E. (2008). The neuropathology of HIV/AIDS: International Review of Psychiatry Vol 20(1) Feb 2008, 15-24.
Arendt, G., Giesen, H.-J. V., Hefter, H., & Theisen, A. (2001). Therapeutic effects of nucleoside analogues on psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: AIDS Vol 15(4) Mar 2001, 493-500.
Arnsten, J. H., Li, X., Mizuno, Y., Knowlton, A. R., Gourevitch, M. N., Handley, K., et al. (2007). Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence and medication errors among HIV-infected injection drug users: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 46(Suppl 2) Nov 2007, S64-S71.
Arribas, J. R., Pozniak, A. L., Gallant, J. E., DeJesus, E., Gazzard, B., Campo, R. E., et al. (2008). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz compared with zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz in treatment-naive patients: 144-week analysis: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 47(1) Jan 2008, 74-78.
Aspeling, H. E., & van Wyk, N. C. (2008). Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV-infected women attending an urban care facility: International Journal of Nursing Practice Vol 14(1) Feb 2008, 3-10.
Atkinson, J. S., Schonnesson, L. N., Williams, M. L., & Timpson, S. C. (2008). Associations among correlates of schedule adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): A path analysis of a sample of crack cocaine using sexually active African-Americans with HIV infection: AIDS Care Vol 20(2) Feb 2008, 260-269.
Authier, F. J., & Gherardi, R. K. (2006). Muscular complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the era of effective anti-retroviral therapy: Revue Neurologique Vol 162(1) Jan 2006, 71-81.
Back, D. J., Burger, D. M., Flexner, C. W., & Gerber, J. G. (2005). The Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Implications for Once-Daily Dosing: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 39(Suppl1) Aug 2005, S1-S23.
Bakeera-Kitaka, S., Nabukeera-Barungi, N., Nostlinger, C., Addy, K., & Colebunders, R. (2008). Sexual risk reduction needs of adolescents living with HIV in a clinical care setting: AIDS Care Vol 20(4) Apr 2008, 426-433.
Bangsberg, D. R., Acosta, E. P., Gupta, R., Guzman, D., Riley, E. D., Harrigan, P. R., et al. (2006). Adherence-resistance relationships for protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors explained by virological fitness: AIDS Vol 20(2) Jan 2006, 223-231.
Bangsberg, D. R., Bronstone, A., & Hofmann, R. (2002). A computer-based assessment detects regimen misunderstandings and nonadherence for patients on HIV antiretroviral therapy: AIDS Care Vol 14(1) Feb 2002, 3-15.
Bangsberg, D. R., Hecht, F. M., Charlebois, E. D., Chesney, M., & Moss, A. (2001). Comparing objective measures of adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy: Electronic medication monitors and unannounced pill counts: AIDS and Behavior Vol 5(3) Sep 2001, 275-281.
Bangsberg, D. R., Hecht, F. M., Charlebois, E. D., Zolopa, A. R., Holodniy, M., Sheiner, L., et al. (2000). Adherence to protease inhibitors, HIV-1 viral load, and development of drug resistance in an indigent population: AIDS Vol 14(4) Mar 2000, 357-366.
Barclay, T. R., Hinkin, C. H., Castellon, S. A., Mason, K. I., Reinhard, M. J., Marion, S. D., et al. (2007). Age-associated predictors of medication adherence in HIV-positive adults: Health beliefs, self-efficacy, and neurocognitive status: Health Psychology Vol 26(1) Jan 2007, 40-49.
Barreiro, P., Soriano, V., Blanco, F., Casimiro, C., Jose de la Cruz, J., & Gonzalez-Lahoz, J. (2000). Risks and benefits of replacing protease inhibitors by nevirapine in HIV-infected subjects under long-term successful triple combination therapy: AIDS Vol 14(7) May 2000, 807-812.
Battaglioli-DeNero, A. M. (2007). Strategies for Improving Patient Adherence to Therapy and Long-Term Patient Outcomes: JANAC: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care Vol 18(1, Suppl) Jan-Feb 2007, S17-S22.
Batterham, P., Rice, E., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2005). Predictors of serostatus disclosure to partners among young people living with HIV in the pre- and post-HAART eras: AIDS and Behavior Vol 9(3) Sep 2005, 281-287.
Bauer, L. O., Ceballos, N. A., Shanley, J. D., & Wolfson, L. I. (2005). Sensorimotor Dysfunction in HIV/AIDS: Effects of Antiretroviral Treatment and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: AIDS Vol 19(5) Mar 2005, 495-502.
Bauer, L. O., & Shanley, J. D. (2006). ASPD Blunts the Effects of HIV and Antiretroviral Treatment on Event-Related Brain Potentials: Neuropsychobiology Vol 53(1) Feb 2006, 17-25.
Bautista-Arredondo, S., Mane, A., & Bertozzi, S. M. (2006). Economic impact of antiretroviral therapy prescription decisions in the context of rapid scaling-up of access to treatment: Lessons from Mexico: AIDS Vol 20(1) Jan 2006, 101-109.
Bell, D. J., Kapitao, Y., Sikwese, R., van Oosterhout, J. J., & Lalloo, D. G. (2007). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients receiving free treatment from a government hospital in Blantyre, Malawi: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 45(5) Aug 2007, 560-563.
Berg, K. M., & Arnsten, J. H. (2006). Practical and Conceptual Challenges in Measuring Antiretroviral Adherence: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 43(Suppl1) Dec 2006, S79-S87.
Berger, J. R., & Nath, A. (2000). Remedies for HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy: Neurology Vol 54(11) Jun 2000, 2037-2038.
Berkeley, J. L., Nath, A., & Pardo, C. A. (2008). Fatal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida meningitis: Case report and review of the literature: Journal of Neurovirology Vol 14(3) Jun 2008, 267-276.
Bialer, P. A., Kato, K. S., & Latoussakis, V. (2006). Psychotropic Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Medications. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.
Bikaako-Kajura, W., Luyirika, E., Purcell, D. W., Downing, J., Kaharuza, F., Mermin, J., et al. (2006). Disclosure of HIV status and adherence to daily drug regimens among HIV-infected children in Uganda: AIDS and Behavior Vol 10(Suppl1) July 2006, S85-S93.
Biscione, F. M. (2007). Regarding "Persistence of neuropsycholgic deficits despite long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-related neurocognitive impairment: Prevalence and risk factors." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 46(4) Dec 2007, 510.
Blanes, M., Boix, V., Belinchon, I., & Portilla, J. (2008). Angiolipomas, a rare manifestation of HIV-associated lipodystrophy: AIDS Vol 22(4) Feb 2008, 552-554.
Boarts, J. M., Bogart, L. M., Tabak, M. A., Armelie, A. P., & Delahanty, D. L. (2008). Relationship of race-, sexual orientation-, and HIV-related discrimination with adherence to HIV treatment: A pilot study: Journal of Behavioral Medicine Vol 31(5) Oct 2008, 445-451.
Bouhnik, A. D., Moatti, J. P., Vlahov, D., Gallais, H., Dellamonica, P., & Obadia, Y. (2002). Highly active antiretroviral treatment does not increase sexual risk behaviour among French HIV infected injecting drug users: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Vol 56(5) May 2002, 349-353.
Bova, C. A., Fennie, K. P., Knafl, G. J., Dieckhaus, K. D., Watrous, E., & Williams, A. B. (2005). Use of Electronic Monitoring Devices to Measure Antiretroviral Adherence: Practical Considerations: AIDS and Behavior Vol 9(1) Mar 2005, 103-110.
Braithwaite, R. S., Kozal, M. J., Chang, C. C. H., Roberts, M. S., Fultz, S. L., Goetz, M. B., et al. (2007). Adherence, virological and immunological outcomes for HIV-infected veterans starting combination antiretroviral therapies: AIDS Vol 21(12) Jul 2007, 1579-1589.
Brief, D. J., Bollinger, A. R., Vielhauer, M. J., Berger-Greenstein, J. A., Morgan, E. E., Brady, S. M., et al. (2004). Understanding the interface of HIV, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use and its implications for health outcomes: AIDS Care Vol 16(Suppl1) 2004, S97-S120.
Brouilette, M.-J., & Routy, J.-P. (2007). Abacavir sulfate and mania in HIV: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 164(6) Jun 2007, 979-980.
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Brown, D. M., Thorne, J. E., Foster, G. L., Duncan, J. L., Brune, L. M., Munana, A., et al. (2006). Factors affecting attrition in a longitudinal study of patients with AIDS: AIDS Care Vol 18(7) Oct 2006, 821-829.
Brown, T. T., & Qaqish, R. B. (2006). Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis: A meta-analytic review: AIDS Vol 20(17) Nov 2006, 2165-2174.
Bucciardini, R., Murri, R., Guarinieri, M., Starace, F., Martini, M., Vatrella, A., et al. (2006). ISSQoL: A new questionnaire for evaluating the quality of life of people living with HIV in the HAART era: Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation Vol 15(3) Apr 2006, 377-390.
Bucciardini, R., Wu, A. W., Floridia, M., Fragola, V., Ricciardulli, D., Tomino, C., et al. (2000). Quality of life outcomes of combination zidovudine-didanosine-nevirapine and zidovudine-didanosine for antiretroviral-naive advanced HIV-infected patients: AIDS Vol 14(16) Nov 2000, 2567-2574.
Burgoyne, R. W., Rourke, S. B., Behrens, D. M., & Salit, I. E. (2004). Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes Among Adults Living with HIV in the HAART Era: The Interplay of Changes in Clinical Factors and Symptom Profile: AIDS and Behavior Vol 8(2) Jun 2004, 151-163.
Burman, W. J., Grund, B., Roediger, M. P., Friedland, G., Darbyshire, J., & Wu, A. W. (2008). The impact of episodic CD4 cell count-guided antiretroviral therapy on quality of life: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 47(2) Feb 2008, 185-193.
Byrne, M. W., & Honig, J. (2006). Health-Related Quality of Life of HIV-Infected Children on Complex Antiretroviral Therapy at Home: JANAC: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care Vol 17(2) Mar-Apr 2006, 27-35.
C. Harry, T., Matthews, M., & Salvary, I. (2000). Indinavir use: Associated reversible hair loss and mood disturbance: International Journal of STD & AIDS Vol 11(7) Jul 2000, 474-476.
Carrico, A. W., Johnson, M. O., Moskowitz, J. T., Neilands, T. B., Morin, S. F., Charlebois, E. D., et al. (2007). Affect regulation, stimulant use, and viral load among HIV-positive persons on anti-retroviral therapy: Psychosomatic Medicine Vol 69(8) Oct 2007, 785-792.
Carrieri, M. P., Chesney, M. A., Spire, B., Loundou, A., Sobel, A., Lepeu, G., et al. (2003). Failure to maintain adherence to HAART in a cohort of French HIV-positive injecting drug users: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine Vol 10(1) Mar 2003, 1-14.
Carrieri, M. P., Vlahov, D., Dellamonica, P., Gallais, H., Lepeu, G., Spire, B., et al. (2000). Use of buprenorphine in HIV-infected injection drug users: Negligible impact on virologic response to HAART: Drug and Alcohol Dependence Vol 60(1) Jul 2000, 51-54.
Carries, S., Muller, F., Muller, F. J., Morroni, C., & Wilson, D. (2007). Characteristics, treatment, and antiretroviral prophylaxis adherence of South African rape survivors: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 46(1) Sep 2007, 68-71.
Casseb, J., Fonseca, L. A. M., Veiga, A. P. R., de Almeida, A., Bueno, A., Ferez, A. C., et al. (2003). AIDS Incidence and Mortality in a Hospital-Based Cohort of HIV-1-Seropositive Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Sao Paulo, Brazil: AIDS Patient Care and STDs Vol 17(9) Sep 2003, 447-452.
Castilla, J., del Romero, J., Hernando, V., Marincovich, B., Garcia, S., & Rodriguez, C. (2005). Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Reducing Heterosexual Transmission of HIV: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 40(1) Sep 2005, 96-101.
Castillo, E., Palepu, A., Beardsell, A., Akagi, L., Yip, B., Montaner, J. S. G., et al. (2004). Outpatient pharmacy care and HIV viral load response among patients on HAART: AIDS Care Vol 16(4) Apr 2004, 446-457.
Catz, S. L., Kalichman, S. C., Benotsch, E. G., Miller, J., & Suarez, T. (2001). Anticipated psychological impact of receiving medical feedback about HIV treatment outcomes: AIDS Care Vol 13(5) Oct 2001, 631-635.
Catz, S. L., Kelly, J. A., Bogart, L. M., Benotsch, E. G., & McAuliffe, T. L. (2000). Patterns, correlates, and barriers to medication adherence among persons prescribed new treatments for HIV disease: Health Psychology Vol 19(2) Mar 2000, 124-133.
Cederfjall, C., Langius-Eklof, A., Lidman, K., & Wredling, R. (2002). Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral treatment and degree of sense of coherence in a group of HIV-infected patients: AIDS Patient Care and STDs Vol 16(12) Dec 2002, 609-616.
Celentano, D. D., Galai, N., Sethi, A. K., Shah, N. G., Strathdee, S. A., Vlahov, D., et al. (2001). Time to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected injection drug users: AIDS Vol 15(13) Sep 2001, 1707-1715.
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Chen, S. Y. S. (2007). A novel use of AIDS surveillance data to assess the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on death, 1996--2004. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
Chesney, M. (2003). Adherence to HAART regimens: AIDS Patient Care and STDs Vol 17(4) Apr 2003, 169-177.
Chesney, M. A. (2006). The Elusive Gold Standard: Future Perspectives for HIV Adherence Assessment and Intervention: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 43(Suppl1) Dec 2006, S149-S155.
Chesney, M. A., Ickovics, J. R., Chambers, D. B., Gifford, A. L., Neidig, J., Zwickl, B., et al. (2000). Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: The AACTG Adherence Instruments: AIDS Care Vol 12(3) Jun 2000, 255-266.
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Cohn, S. E., Umbleja, T., Mrus, J., Bardeguez, A. D., Andersen, J. W., & Chesney, M. A. (2008). Prior illicit drug use and missed prenatal vitamins predict nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy: Adherence analysis A5084: AIDS Patient Care and STDs Vol 22(1) Jan 2008, 29-40.
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Collazos, J., Mayo, J., Maretinez, E., & Ibarra, S. (2002). Association between sexual disturbances and sexual hormones with specific antiretroviral drugs: AIDS Vol 16(9) Jun 2002, 1294-1295.
Collings, S. J. (2005). Provision of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis to Child Rape Victims in South Africa: HIV Status and Delayed Reporting: Psychological Reports Vol 96(1) Feb 2005, 17-18.
Conant, M. A., & Belasco, K. T. (2006). Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS: Beal, Jeffrey (Ed); Orrick, Joanne J (Ed); Alfonso, Kimberly (Ed).
Cook, J. A., Grey, D., Burke-Miller, J., Cohen, M. H., Anastos, K., Gandhi, M., et al. (2006). Effects of treated and untreated depressive symptoms on highly active antiretroviral therapy use in a US multi-site cohort of HIV-positive women: AIDS Care Vol 18(2) Feb 2006, 93-100.
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Cysique, L. A. J., Maruff, P., & Brew, B. J. (2006). Variable benefit in neuropsychologieal function in HIV-infected HAART-treated patients: Neurology Vol 66(9) May 2006, 1447-1450.
Dalal, R. P., MacPhail, C., Mqhayi, M., Wing, J., Feldman, C., Chersich, M. F., et al. (2008). Characteristics and outcomes of adult patients lost to follow-up at an antiretroviral treatment clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 47(1) Jan 2008, 101-107.
Daniel, V., Naujokat, C., Sadeghi, M., Zimmermann, R., Huth-Kuhne, A., & Opelz, G. (2008). Normal or even increased dendritic cell and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets with regulatory phenotype in clinically stable long-term HIV-infected patients with hemophilia on highly active antiretroviral therapy: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 47(1) Jan 2008, 1-15.
Davies, G., Koenig, L. J., Stratford, D., Palmore, M., Bush, T., Golde, M., et al. (2006). Overview and implementation of an intervention to prevent adherence failure among HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy: Lessons learned from Project HEART: AIDS Care Vol 18(8) Nov 2006, 895-903.
Davis, M., Frankis, J., & Flowers, P. (2006). Uncertainty and 'technological horizon' in qualitative interviews about HIV treatment: Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine Vol 10(3) Jul 2006, 323-344.
Day, J. H., Miyamura, K., Grant, A. D., Leeuw, A., Munsamy, J., Baggaley, R., et al. (2003). Attitudes to HIV voluntary counselling and testing among mineworkers in South Africa: Will availability of antiretroviral therapy encourage testing? : AIDS Care Vol 15(5) Oct 2003, 665-672.
de Jong, B. C., Prentiss, D., McFarland, W., Machekano, R., & Israelski, D. M. (2005). Marijuana Use and Its Association With Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Persons With Moderate to Severe Nausea: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Vol 38(1) Jan 2005, 43-46.
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Psychological issues with antiretroviral drug use in HIV/AIDS

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