Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods |
Statistics |
Clinical |
Educational |
Industrial |
Professional items |
World psychology |
Language: Linguistics · Semiotics · Speech
An absolute proto-language, as defined by linguist Derek Bickerton, is a primitive form of communication lacking:
- a fully-developed syntax
- tense, aspect, auxiliary verbs, etc.
- a closed (i.e. non-lexical) vocabulary
The "me Tarzan, you Jane" nature of proto-language in this last sense is evident in pidgins, some features of early childhood language, and the language of adults who were deprived of language during the critical period (such as the feral child Genie). Derek Bickerton suggests language evolved from this kind of proto-language in a linguistic 'big bang'. But see also Terrence Deacon's arguments in his book The Symbolic Species for a radically different point of view.
Animal communication | ||
|---|---|---|
| Concepts |
Animal training · Animal language · Animal cognition · Bioacoustics · Ethology · Evolutionary linguistics · FOXP2 · Origin of language · Proto-language |
 |
| Animal-specifics | ||
| Notable individual animals |
List of communicative birds · List of communicative apes · Kosik the elephant | |