Prosthetic groups
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A prosthetic group is a non-protein (non-amino acid) component of a conjugated protein. The prosthetic group may be organic (such as a vitamin, sugar, or lipid) or inorganic (such as a metal ion). Prosthetic groups usually bond covalently to their protein. They often play an important role in the function of many proteins such as enzymes. A good example of a prosthetic group is the heme group in hemoglobin. A protein without its prosthetic group is called an apoprotein, while a protein combined with its prosthetic group is called a holoprotein.
Prosthetic groups are also sometimes called coenzyme or cofactors because they are essential to the function of a protein. In enzymes, prosthetic groups are involved in the active site in some way. Further examples of organic prosthetic groups are vitamin derivatives: thiamine (vitamin B1), thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), pyridoxal-phosphate. This is another reason why vitamins are so important in our diet. Inorganic prosthetic groups are usually transition metal ions such as iron (in heme groups, for example in cytochrome c oxidase and hemoglobin), zinc (for example in carbonic anhydrase), magnesium (for example in some kinases), and molybdenum (for example in nitrate reductase).
[edit] See also
- cs:Prostetická skupina
de:Prosthetische Gruppe eo:Prosteta grupo he:קבוצה פרוסטטיתmk:Простетична група
| This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Prosthetic groups. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
