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==Definition== |
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'''Post-traumatic stress disorder''' ('''PTSD''') is a term for certain [[Psychology|psychological]] consequences of exposure to, or confrontation with, [[Stress (medicine)|stressful]] experiences that the person experiences as highly [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]]. <ref name="surgeon42">{{cite book | year=1999| chapter=Chapter 4.2 | author=David Satcher etal.| title='''Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General'''| url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter4/sec2.html}}</ref> The experience must involve actual or threatened death, serious physical injury, or a threat to physical and/or psychological integrity. It is occasionally called '''post-traumatic stress reaction''' to emphasize that it is a routine result of traumatic experience rather than a manifestation of a pre-existing psychological weakness on the part of the patient. |
'''Post-traumatic stress disorder''' ('''PTSD''') is a term for certain [[Psychology|psychological]] consequences of exposure to, or confrontation with, [[Stress (medicine)|stressful]] experiences that the person experiences as highly [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]]. <ref name="surgeon42">{{cite book | year=1999| chapter=Chapter 4.2 | author=David Satcher etal.| title='''Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General'''| url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter4/sec2.html}}</ref> The experience must involve actual or threatened death, serious physical injury, or a threat to physical and/or psychological integrity. It is occasionally called '''post-traumatic stress reaction''' to emphasize that it is a routine result of traumatic experience rather than a manifestation of a pre-existing psychological weakness on the part of the patient. |
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It is possible for individuals to experience Traumatic Stress without manifesting a full-blown Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, as indicated in the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]''. |
It is possible for individuals to experience Traumatic Stress without manifesting a full-blown Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, as indicated in the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]''. |
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==PTSD: Description== |
==PTSD: Description== |
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Symptoms of PTSD can include the following: [[Nightmare]]s, [[Flashback (psychological phenomenon)|flashback]]s, [[emotional detachment]] or numbing of feelings (emotional self-mortification or [[dissociation]]), [[insomnia]], avoidance of reminders and extreme distress when exposed to the reminders ("triggers"), irritability, [[hypervigilance]], memory loss, and excessive startle response. |
Symptoms of PTSD can include the following: [[Nightmare]]s, [[Flashback (psychological phenomenon)|flashback]]s, [[emotional detachment]] or numbing of feelings (emotional self-mortification or [[dissociation]]), [[insomnia]], avoidance of reminders and extreme distress when exposed to the reminders ("triggers"), irritability, [[hypervigilance]], memory loss, and excessive startle response. |
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Experiences likely to induce the condition include: |
Experiences likely to induce the condition include: |
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* childhood physical/emotional or [[Child sexual abuse|sexual]] [[Child abuse|abuse]] |
* childhood physical/emotional or [[Child sexual abuse|sexual]] [[Child abuse|abuse]] |
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Revision as of 15:18, 16 July 2006
Definition
| ICD-10 | F43.1 | |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 309.81 | |
| OMIM | {{{OMIM}}} | |
| DiseasesDB | {{{DiseasesDB}}} | |
| MedlinePlus | {{{MedlinePlus}}} | |
| eMedicine | {{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}} | |
| MeSH | {{{MeshNumber}}} | |
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a term for certain psychological consequences of exposure to, or confrontation with, stressful experiences that the person experiences as highly traumatic. [1] The experience must involve actual or threatened death, serious physical injury, or a threat to physical and/or psychological integrity. It is occasionally called post-traumatic stress reaction to emphasize that it is a routine result of traumatic experience rather than a manifestation of a pre-existing psychological weakness on the part of the patient.
It is possible for individuals to experience Traumatic Stress without manifesting a full-blown Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, as indicated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
PTSD: Description
Symptoms of PTSD can include the following: Nightmares, flashbacks, emotional detachment or numbing of feelings (emotional self-mortification or dissociation), insomnia, avoidance of reminders and extreme distress when exposed to the reminders ("triggers"), irritability, hypervigilance, memory loss, and excessive startle response.
Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods |
Statistics |
Clinical |
Educational |
Industrial |
Professional items |
World psychology |
Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences ·
Experiences likely to induce the condition include:
- childhood physical/emotional or sexual abuse
- adult experiences of rape, war and combat exposure (the latter often called combat stress reaction)
- violent attacks
- a serious motor accident
- Witnessing the sudden death of a loved one
- natural catastrophes, such as an earthquake or tsunami
- life-threatening childbirth complications
For most people, the emotional effects of traumatic events will tend to subside after several months. If they last longer, then diagnosing a psychiatric disorder is generally advised. Most people who experience traumatic events will not develop PTSD. PTSD is thought to be primarily an anxiety disorder, and should not be confused with normal grief and adjustment after traumatic events. There is also the possibility of simultaneous suffering of other psychiatric disorders (i.e. comorbidity). These disorders often include major depression, general anxiety disorder and a variety of addictions.
PTSD may have a "delayed onset" of years, or even decades, and may even be triggered by a specific body movement if the trauma was stored in the procedural memory, by another stressful event, such as the death of a family member or someone else close, or by the diagnosis of a life-threatening medical condition.
Also, doctors have conducted clinical studies indicating traumatized children with PTSD are more likely to later engage in criminal activities than those who do not have PTSD.
- Main article: PTSD: History of the disorder.
- Main article: PTSD:Theoretical approaches.
- Main article: PTSD:Epidemiology.
- Main article: PTSD:Risk factors.
- Main article: PTSD:Etiology.
- Main article: PTSD:Diagnosis & evaluation.
- Main article: PTSD:Comorbidity.
- Main article: PTSD:Treatment.
- Main article: PTSD:Prognosis.
- Main article: PTSD:Service user page.
- Main article: PTSD:Carer page.
See also
- Acute stress reaction
- Amnesia
- Betrayal
- Biological psychiatry
- Chemical imbalance theory
- Mental health
- Survivor guilt
- Survivor syndrome
- Trauma model of mental disorders
- Critical incident stress Management
Bibliography
Key Texts – Books
Additional material – Books
- ↑ David Satcher etal. (1999). "Chapter 4.2" Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Key Texts – Papers
Additional material - Papers
External links
- National Center for PTSD
- Cooperative Online Dictionary of Trauma
- PTSD summary from the Child Advocate
- PTSD, organised violence and treatment
- New Scientist, 25 August 2005, "Trauma of war hits troops years later"
- Help For PTSD
- www.brainexplorer.org
- Researchers have discovered a simple blood test that can detect Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in advance- An article
- PTSD Combat: Winning the War Within - combat ptsd blog
- OEF/OIF PTSD Incident Database
- Blaming the Veteran: The Politics of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- [1] Kali Tal's detailed history of PTSD and trauma studies
Neurobiological background info and studies about medication
- EMDR Institute
- TIR website
- PTSD & Hypoglycemia
- New blood test can diagnose anxiety disorders including PTSD - A web article
- [2] - International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
- [3]- Association of Traumatic Stress Specialists
- [4] Award-winning website offering excellent trauma resources: David Baldwin's Trauma Pages
- [5] Florida State University Traumatology Institute
- http://www.archive.org/details/When_I_Came_Home
- http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001773206
- http://www.bradblog.com/archives/00002297.htm
Instructions_for_archiving_academic_and_professional_materials
PTSD: Academic support materials
- PTSD: Lecture slides
- PTSD: Lecture notes
- PTSD: Lecture handouts
- PTSD: Multimedia materials
- PTSD: Other academic support materials
- PTSD: Anonymous fictional case studies for training
cs:Posttraumatická stresová porucha
da:Posttraumatisk belastningsreaktion
de:Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
fr:Trouble de stress post-traumatique
hr:Posttraumatski stresni poremećaj
he:תסמונת פוסט טראומה
lt:Potrauminio streso sindromas
nl:Posttraumatische stress-stoornis
no:Posttraumatisk stresslidelse
sv:Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom
zh:創傷後壓力心理障礙症
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