Pituitary hormones
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Pituitary hormones are produced by parts of pituitary gland.
[edit] Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are
- Oxytocin comes from the paraventricular nucleus in the Hypothalamus
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH - also known as vasopressin and AVP, arginine vasopressin), comes from the supraoptic nucleus in the Hypothalamus
[edit] Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
The anterior pituitary hormones, and the hypothalamic hormones that modulate their release are listed below, along with the associated cell types.
| Anterior pituitary hormone | Hypothalamic hormone | Staining type | Cell type |
| growth hormone | release caused by GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) | acidophil | somatotrope |
| prolactin | release INHIBITED by DA (dopamine, "prolactin inhibiting factor"/PIF) | acidophil | lactotroph (or mammotroph) |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | release caused by GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) | basophil | gonadotrope |
| luteinizing hormone | release caused by GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) | basophil | gonadotrope |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone | release caused by TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) | basophil | thyrotrope |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | release caused by CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) | chromatophobe | corticotrope |
| endorphins | - | - | - |
The hypothalamic hormones travel to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary system, called the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system.
There is also an interaction between the hormones from the hypothalamus, i.e. TRH induces the release of prolactin.
The control of hormones from the pituitary is in a negative feedback loop. Their release is inhibited by increasing levels of hormones from the target gland on which they act.
