(New page: {{BioPsy}} {{otheruses4|molecular photoreceptors|other types of photoreceptors|Photoreceptor}} '''Photoreceptors''' are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response t...) |
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== Structure == |
== Structure == |
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| − | Photoreceptor proteins typically consist of a [[protein]] moiety and a non-protein [[photopigment]] that reacts to light via [[photoisomerization]] or [[photoreduction]], thus initiating a change of the receptor protein which triggers a [[signal transduction]] cascade. Pigments found in photoreceptors include [[retinal]] ([[retinylidene protein]]s, for example [[rhodopsin]] in animals), [[flavin]] ([[flavoprotein]]s, for example [[cryptochrome]] in plants and animals) |
+ | Photoreceptor proteins typically consist of a [[protein]] moiety and a non-protein [[photopigment]] that reacts to light via [[photoisomerization]] or [[photoreduction]], thus initiating a change of the receptor protein which triggers a [[signal transduction]] cascade. Pigments found in photoreceptors include [[retinal]] ([[retinylidene protein]]s, for example [[rhodopsin]] in animals), and [[flavin]] ([[flavoprotein]]s, for example [[cryptochrome]] in plants and animals) |
== Photoreceptors in animals == |
== Photoreceptors in animals == |
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*[[Photopsin]]: in vertebrate retina, reception of various colors of light |
*[[Photopsin]]: in vertebrate retina, reception of various colors of light |
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*[[Rhodopsin]]: in vertebrate retina, green-blue light reception |
*[[Rhodopsin]]: in vertebrate retina, green-blue light reception |
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| − | == Photoreceptors in plants == |
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| − | *[[Cryptochrome]]: in plants, blue light reception |
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| − | *[[Phototropin]]: in plants, mediates phototropism |
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| − | *[[Phytochrome]]: in plants, red and far-red light reception |
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== Photoreceptors in phototactic flagellates == |
== Photoreceptors in phototactic flagellates == |
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*[[Chlamyopsin]] and [[volvoxopsin]] |
*[[Chlamyopsin]] and [[volvoxopsin]] |
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*[[Flavoprotein]]s |
*[[Flavoprotein]]s |
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| − | == Photoreceptors in archaea and bacteria == |
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| − | *[[Bacteriophytochrome]] |
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| − | *sensory [[Bacteriorhodopsin]] |
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| − | *[[Halorhodopsin]] |
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| − | *[[Proteorhodopsin]] |
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== Photoreception and signal transduction == |
== Photoreception and signal transduction == |
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Revision as of 22:34, 14 May 2007
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- This article is about molecular photoreceptors. For other types of photoreceptors, see Photoreceptor.
Photoreceptors are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina, phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin in some bacteria. They mediate light responses as varied as visual perception, phototropism and phototaxis, as well as responses to light-dark cycles such as circadian rhythm and other photoperiodisms including control of flowering times in plants and mating seasons in animals.
Structure
Photoreceptor proteins typically consist of a protein moiety and a non-protein photopigment that reacts to light via photoisomerization or photoreduction, thus initiating a change of the receptor protein which triggers a signal transduction cascade. Pigments found in photoreceptors include retinal (retinylidene proteins, for example rhodopsin in animals), and flavin (flavoproteins, for example cryptochrome in plants and animals)
Photoreceptors in animals
(Also see: Photoreceptor cell)
- Melanopsin: in vertebrate retina, mediates pupillary reflex
- Photopsin: in vertebrate retina, reception of various colors of light
- Rhodopsin: in vertebrate retina, green-blue light reception
Photoreceptors in phototactic flagellates
(Also see: Eyespot apparatus)
- Channelrhodopsin: in unicellular algae, mediates phototaxis
- Chlamyopsin and volvoxopsin
- Flavoproteins
Photoreception and signal transduction
Responses to photoreception
- Visual perception
- Phototropism
- Phototaxis
- Circadian clock
- Photoperiodism
{{enWP|Photopigments]]