No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | {{CogPsy}} |
||
− | '''Paul Thagard''' is Professor of [[Philosophy]], with cross appointment to [[Psychology]] and [[Computer science|Computer Science]], and Director of the Cognitive Science Program, at the [[University of Waterloo]]. He is a graduate of the Universities of [[University of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[University of Toronto|Toronto]] ([[Ph. |
+ | '''Paul Thagard''' is Professor of [[Philosophy]], with cross appointment to [[Psychology]] and [[Computer science|Computer Science]], and Director of the Cognitive Science Program, at the [[University of Waterloo]]. He is a graduate of the Universities of [[University of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[University of Toronto|Toronto]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in philosophy, 1977) and [[University of Michigan|Michigan]] (M.S. in computer science, 1985). He is the author of: |
+ | * ''Hot Thought: Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition'' ([[MIT Press]], August, 2006, ISBN 0-262-20164-X) |
||
+ | * ''Coherence in Thought and Action'' (Bradford Book, 2000, ISBN 0-262-20131-3) |
||
+ | * ''How Scientists Explain Disease'' (Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-691-00261-4) |
||
+ | * ''Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Science'' (MIT Press, 1996; second edition, 2005, ISBN 0-262-20154-2)(Trad. esp.: ''La mente'', Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2008, ISBN 9788496859210) |
||
+ | * ''Conceptual Revolutions'' (Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-691-02490-1) |
||
+ | * ''Computational Philosophy of Science'' (MIT Press, 1988, Bardford Book, 1993, ISBN 0-262-70048-4) |
||
+ | |||
+ | And co-author of: |
||
+ | * ''Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought'' (MIT Press, 1995, ISBN 0-262-08233-0) |
||
+ | * ''Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery'' (MIT Press, 1986, Bardford Book, 1989, ISBN 0-262-58096-9) |
||
+ | |||
+ | He is also editor of: |
||
+ | * ''Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science'' (North-Holland, 2006, ISBN 0-444-51540-2). |
||
+ | |||
⚫ | He was Chair of the Governing Board of the [[Cognitive Science Society]] [http://www.cognitivesciencesociety.org/], 1998-1999, and President of the [[Society for Machines and Mentality]] [http://cs.hamilton.edu/~sfmm/], 1997-1998. He has held a [[Canada Council]] [[Killam fellowship]], and in 1999 was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Canada]]. In 2003, he received a University of Waterloo Award for Excellence in Research, and in 2005 he was named a University Research Chair. |
||
+ | |||
+ | == Coherence == |
||
+ | Paul Thagard has proposed that many [[cognitive]] functions, including [[perception]], [[analogy]], [[explanation]], [[decision-making]], planning etc., can be understood as a form of (maximum) coherence [[computation]]. |
||
+ | |||
+ | Thagard (together with Karsten Verbeurgt) put forth a particular formalization of the concept of coherence as a [[constraint satisfaction]] problem. The model posits that coherence operates over a set of representational elements (e.g., [[proposition]]s, [[images]], etc.) which can either fit together (cohere) or resist fitting together (incohere). |
||
+ | |||
+ | If two elements p and q cohere they are connected by a positive constraint <math>(p,q) \in C^+</math>, and if two elements <math>p</math> and <math>q</math> incohere they are connected by a negative constraint <math>(p,q) \in C^-</math>. Furthermore, constraints are weighted, i.e., for each constraint <math>(p,q) \in C^+ \cup C^-</math> there is a positive weight <math>w(p,q)</math>. |
||
+ | |||
+ | According to Thagard, coherence maximization involves the partitioning of elements into accepted (<math>A</math>) and rejected (<math>R</math>) elements in such a way that maximum number (or maximum weight) of constraints is satisfied. Here a positive constraint <math>(p, q)</math> is said to be satisfied if either both <math>p</math> and <math>q</math> are accepted (<math>p, q \in A</math>) or both <math>p</math> and <math>q</math> are rejected (<math>p, q \in R</math>). A negative constraint <math>(p,q)</math> is satisfied if one element is accepted(say <math>p \in A</math>), and the other rejected (<math>q \in R</math>). |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==See also== |
||
+ | *[[Theory of explanatory coherence]] |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==References== |
||
+ | * Thagard, P. and Verbeurgt, K. (1998). Coherence as constraint satisfaction. Cognitive Science, 22: 1-24. |
||
+ | * Thagard, P. (2000). Coherence in Thought and Action. MIT Press. |
||
+ | * Thaghard, P (1978). The best explanation. Criteria for theory choice. Journal of philosophy, 75, 76-92 |
||
+ | * Thaghard, P (1992). Conceptual revolutions. NJ. Princeton University Press. |
||
+ | |||
+ | Many of Thagard's coherence articles are available online at http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/Coherence.html |
||
⚫ | He was Chair of the Governing Board of the Cognitive Science Society, 1998-1999, and President of the Society for Machines and Mentality, 1997-1998. He has held a Canada Council Killam fellowship, and in 1999 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2003, he received a University of Waterloo Award for Excellence in Research, and in 2005 he was named a University Research Chair. |
||
[[Category:Canadian philosophers]] |
[[Category:Canadian philosophers]] |
||
− | [[Category:Canadian |
+ | [[Category:Canadian cognitive scientists]] |
{{enWP|Paul Thagard}} |
{{enWP|Paul Thagard}} |
Revision as of 09:30, 6 November 2009
Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods |
Statistics |
Clinical |
Educational |
Industrial |
Professional items |
World psychology |
Cognitive Psychology: Attention · Decision making · Learning · Judgement · Memory · Motivation · Perception · Reasoning · Thinking - Cognitive processes Cognition - Outline Index
Paul Thagard is Professor of Philosophy, with cross appointment to Psychology and Computer Science, and Director of the Cognitive Science Program, at the University of Waterloo. He is a graduate of the Universities of Saskatchewan, Cambridge, Toronto (Ph.D. in philosophy, 1977) and Michigan (M.S. in computer science, 1985). He is the author of:
- Hot Thought: Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition (MIT Press, August, 2006, ISBN 0-262-20164-X)
- Coherence in Thought and Action (Bradford Book, 2000, ISBN 0-262-20131-3)
- How Scientists Explain Disease (Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-691-00261-4)
- Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Science (MIT Press, 1996; second edition, 2005, ISBN 0-262-20154-2)(Trad. esp.: La mente, Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2008, ISBN 9788496859210)
- Conceptual Revolutions (Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-691-02490-1)
- Computational Philosophy of Science (MIT Press, 1988, Bardford Book, 1993, ISBN 0-262-70048-4)
And co-author of:
- Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought (MIT Press, 1995, ISBN 0-262-08233-0)
- Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery (MIT Press, 1986, Bardford Book, 1989, ISBN 0-262-58096-9)
He is also editor of:
- Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science (North-Holland, 2006, ISBN 0-444-51540-2).
He was Chair of the Governing Board of the Cognitive Science Society [1], 1998-1999, and President of the Society for Machines and Mentality [2], 1997-1998. He has held a Canada Council Killam fellowship, and in 1999 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2003, he received a University of Waterloo Award for Excellence in Research, and in 2005 he was named a University Research Chair.
Coherence
Paul Thagard has proposed that many cognitive functions, including perception, analogy, explanation, decision-making, planning etc., can be understood as a form of (maximum) coherence computation.
Thagard (together with Karsten Verbeurgt) put forth a particular formalization of the concept of coherence as a constraint satisfaction problem. The model posits that coherence operates over a set of representational elements (e.g., propositions, images, etc.) which can either fit together (cohere) or resist fitting together (incohere).
If two elements p and q cohere they are connected by a positive constraint , and if two elements and incohere they are connected by a negative constraint . Furthermore, constraints are weighted, i.e., for each constraint there is a positive weight .
According to Thagard, coherence maximization involves the partitioning of elements into accepted () and rejected () elements in such a way that maximum number (or maximum weight) of constraints is satisfied. Here a positive constraint is said to be satisfied if either both and are accepted () or both and are rejected (). A negative constraint is satisfied if one element is accepted(say ), and the other rejected ().
See also
References
- Thagard, P. and Verbeurgt, K. (1998). Coherence as constraint satisfaction. Cognitive Science, 22: 1-24.
- Thagard, P. (2000). Coherence in Thought and Action. MIT Press.
- Thaghard, P (1978). The best explanation. Criteria for theory choice. Journal of philosophy, 75, 76-92
- Thaghard, P (1992). Conceptual revolutions. NJ. Princeton University Press.
Many of Thagard's coherence articles are available online at http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/Coherence.html
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors). |