Parvalbumin
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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology
| parvalbumin | |
|---|---|
| Symbol(s): | PVALB |
| Locus: | 22 q12 -q13.1 |
| EC number | [1] |
| EntrezGene | 5816 |
| OMIM | 168890 |
| RefSeq | NM_002854 |
| UniProt | P20472 |
Parvalbumin is a calcium binding albumin protein.
It has three EF hand motifs and is structurally related to calmodulin and troponin C. Parvalbumin is localised in fast-contracting muscles, where its levels are highest, and in the brain and some endocrine tissues.
Contents |
Neuronal role of parvalbumin 
Edit
Parvalbumin is present in GABAergic interneurons in the nervous system, predominantly expressed by chandelier and basket cells in the cortex. In the hippocampus, PV+ interneurons are subdivided into basket, axo-axonic, bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) cells, each subtype targeting distinct domains of pyramidal cells.[1] Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons' connections are mostly perisomatic (around the cell body of neurons). Most of the PV interneurons are fast-spiking. They are also thought to give rise to gamma waves recorded in EEG.
PV-expressing interneurons represent approximately 25% of GABA cells in the primate DLPFC.[2][3] Other calcium-binding protein markers are calretinin (most abundant subtype in DLPFC, about 50%) and calbindin. Interneurons are also divided into subgroups by the expression of neuropeptides (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin).
Role in pathology Edit
Decreased PV and GAD67 expression was found in PV+ GABAergic interneurons in schizophrenia.[4]
PV has been identified as an allergen causing seafood allergy.[5]
References Edit
- ↑ Klausberger T, Marton LF, O'Neill J, Huck JH, Dalezios Y, Fuentealba P, Suen WY, Papp E, Kaneko T, Watanabe M, Csicsvari J, Somogyi P (2005). Complementary roles of cholecystokinin- and parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in hippocampal network oscillations. J. Neurosci. 25 (42): 9782–93.free full text
- ↑ Condé F, Lund JS, Jacobowitz DM, Baimbridge KG, Lewis DA (1994). Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: distribution and morphology. J. Comp. Neurol. 341 (1): 95–116.
- ↑ Gabbott PL, Bacon SJ (1996). Local circuit neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 24a,b,c, 25 and 32) in the monkey: II. Quantitative areal and laminar distributions. J. Comp. Neurol. 364 (4): 609–36.
- ↑ Hashimoto T, Volk DW, Eggan SM, Mirnics K, Pierri JN, Sun Z, Sampson AR, Lewis DA (2003). Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 23 (15): 6315–26. free full text
- ↑ Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Verdino P, Keller W, Sperr WR, Valent P, Valenta R, Spitzauer S (2002). Recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy. J. Immunol. 168 (9): 4576–84.
External linksEdit
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