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The Organon model, formulated by Karl Bühler, defined the communication functions according to which linguistic communication can be described. Bühler's work influenced Roman Jakobson for his Communication Model.

Bühler identified the following three communicative functions:

• the Expressive Function (Ausdrucksfunktion)
• the Referential Function (Darstellungsfunktion, i.e. describing function)
• the Conative Function (Appellfunktion, i.e. appealing function).