Ontogeny
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Preferred use Development
Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) describes the origin and the development of an organism from the fertilized egg to its mature form. Ontogeny is studied in developmental biology.
The idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, that is, that the development of an organism exactly mirrors the evolutionary development of the species, is discredited today. Nevertheless, most biologists believe many connections between ontogeny and phylogeny can be observed and explained by evolutionary theory.
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| The development of phenotype
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| Key concepts: Genotype-phenotype distinction | Norms of reaction | Gene-environment interaction | Heritability | Quantitative genetics |
| Genetic architecture: Dominance relationship | Epistasis | Polygenic inheritance | Pleiotropy | Plasticity | Canalisation | Fitness landscape |
| Non-genetic influences: Epigenetic inheritance | Epigenetics | Maternal effect | dual inheritance theory |
| Developmental architecture: Segmentation | Modularity |
| Evolution of genetic systems: Evolvability | Mutational robustness | Evolution of sex |
| Influential figures: C. H. Waddington | Richard Lewontin |
| Debates: Nature versus nurture |
| List of evolutionary biology topics |
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