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The '''nucleus raphe magnus''', located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the [[spinal cord]] and [[cerebellum]]. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the [[motor system]]; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the [[periaqueductal gray]], the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the [[amygdala]], lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices (Hermann, Dirk M. et al. Afferent projections to the rat nuclei raphe magnus, raphe pallidus and reticularis gigantocellularis pars demonstrated by iontophoretic application of choleratoxin (subunit b). Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 1997, Pages 1-21). All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of [[analgesia]], sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces [[analgesia]], as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic affects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering [[naloxone]], an opiate [[antagonist]], to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord.
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{{BioPsy}}
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{{Infobox Brain|
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Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
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Latin = nucleus raphes magnus |
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GraySubject = |
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GrayPage = |
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Image = Gray694.png |
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Caption = Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive. (Raphe nuclei not labeled, but 'raphe' labeled at left.) |
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Image2 = |
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Caption2 = |
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IsPartOf = |
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Components = |
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Artery = |
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Vein = |
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Acronym = |
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BrainInfoType = hier |
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BrainInfoNumber = 736 |
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MeshName = |
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MeshNumber = |
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DorlandsPre = n_11 |
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DorlandsSuf = 12582800 |
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}}
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The '''nucleus raphe magnus''', located directly rostral to the [[raphe obscurus]], is afferently stimulated from axons in the [[spinal cord]] and [[cerebellum]].
  +
  +
This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the [[motor system]]; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system.
  +
  +
The magnus receives descending afferents from the [[periaqueductal gray]], the [[paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus]], central nucleus of the [[amygdala]], lateral [[hypothalamic]] area, [[parvocellular reticular nucleus]] and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices <ref>Hermann, Dirk M. et al. Afferent projections to the rat nuclei raphe magnus, raphe pallidus and reticularis gigantocellularis pars demonstrated by iontophoretic application of choleratoxin (subunit b). Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 1997, Pages 1-21</ref>.
  +
  +
All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus.
  +
  +
The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain.
  +
  +
The [[periaquiductal gray]], the epicenter of [[analgesia]], sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise).
  +
  +
Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces [[analgesia]], as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus.
  +
  +
The [[antinociceptic]] affects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering [[naloxone]], an opiate [[antagonist]], to the n.r. magnus.
  +
  +
All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord.
   
 
==See also==
  
==See also==
 
* [[Raphe nuclei]]
  
* [[Raphe nuclei]]
   
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==External links==
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==References==
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* {{BrainInfo|hier|736}}
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<references/>
   
 
{{Rhombencephalon}}
  
{{Rhombencephalon}}
 
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
  
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
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{{BioPsy}}
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{{enWP|Nucleus raphe magnus}}
  
{{enWP|Nucleus raphe magnus}}

Latest revision as of 19:13, June 7, 2007

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Brain: Nucleus raphe magnus
Gray694
Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive. (Raphe nuclei not labeled, but 'raphe' labeled at left.)
[[Image:|250px|center|]]
Latin nucleus raphes magnus
Gray's subject #
Part of
Components
Artery
Vein
BrainInfo/UW hier-736
MeSH [1]

The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum.

This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system.

The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices [1].

All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus.

The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain.

The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise).

Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus.

The antinociceptic affects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus.

All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ Hermann, Dirk M. et al. Afferent projections to the rat nuclei raphe magnus, raphe pallidus and reticularis gigantocellularis pars demonstrated by iontophoretic application of choleratoxin (subunit b). Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 1997, Pages 1-21


v·d·e
Brain: rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Metencephalon/
pons

Dorsal/
(tegmentum)

surface: Locus ceruleus

Trigeminal lemniscus (Dorsal trigeminal tract, Ventral trigeminal tract)

cranial nuclei: GSA: Principal V/Spinal V - VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior, Medial, Inferior) - SVE: Motor V - VII - GSE: VI - GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus

MLF, III, IV and VI (vestibulo-oculomotor fibers, medial vestibulospinal tract)

sensory/ascending: Trapezoid body/VIII - Superior olivary nucleus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle (Vestibulocerebellar tract)

motor/descending: Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center (Medial parabrachial nucleus) - Lateral parabrachial nucleus

Ventral/
(base)

Middle cerebellar peduncles (Pontocerebellar fibers) - Pontine nuclei
motor/descending: Corticospinal tract - Corticobulbar tract - Corticopontine fibers

Raphe/reticular

Reticular formation (Caudal, Oral, Tegmental, Paramedian) • Raphe nuclei (Median)


Myelencephalon/
medulla

Dorsal

surface: Posterior median sulcus - Postero-lateral sulcus - Area postrema

cranial nuclei: GVA: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract • SVA: Gustatory nucleus • GSE: XII  • GVE: IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • SVE: X: Dorsal • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus - MLF, III, IV and VI

sensory/ascending: Gracile nucleus • Cuneate nucleus (Accessory cuneate nucleus) • Sensory decussation  • Medial lemniscus

motor/descending: Dorsal respiratory group

Ventral

motor/descending: Ventral respiratory group - Pyramid (Motor decussation) - Inferior olivary nucleus (Olivocerebellar tract, Rubro-olivary tract)
surface: Anterior median fissure - Antero-lateral sulcus - Arcuate nucleus of medulla - Olivary body

Raphe/reticular

Reticular formation (Gigantocellular, Parvocellular, Ventral, Lateral, Paramedian) • Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus)

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