'''Myelin gene Regulatory Factor''' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRF MRF])is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein protein] of critical importance in the development and maintenance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_sheath myelin sheaths].<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koenning_0-0">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-koenning-0 [1]]</sup>
+
'''Myelin gene Regulatory Factor''' ( MRF)is a [[protein]]] of critical importance in the development and maintenance of [[myelin sheaths]].<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koenning_0-0">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-koenning-0 [1]]</sup>
+
+
The expression of MRF is specific to mature, myelinating [[oligodendrocytes]] in the [[CNS]].<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cahoy_1-0">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-cahoy-1 [2]]</sup> It has been shown to be critical for the maintenance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin myelin] by these cells. Following [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation ablation] of MRF the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression expression] of myelin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene genes] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolipid_protein Proteolipid protein], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_basic_protein Myelin basic protein], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein Myelin-associated glycoprotein] and [[Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein]] drops rapidly. Therefore, MRF is a key regulator and likely a direct activator of the expression of these genes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koenning_0-1">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-koenning-0 [1]]</sup>
−
The expression of MRF is specific to mature, myelinating [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocytes oligodendrocytes] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNS CNS].<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cahoy_1-0">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-cahoy-1 [2]]</sup> It has been shown to be critical for the maintenance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin myelin] by these cells. Following [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation ablation] of MRF the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression expression] of myelin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene genes] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolipid_protein Proteolipid protein], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_basic_protein Myelin basic protein], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein Myelin-associated glycoprotein] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_oligodendrocyte_glycoprotein Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein] drops rapidly. Therefore, MRF is a key regulator and likely a direct activator of the expression of these genes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koenning_0-1">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-koenning-0 [1]]</sup>
==Biological relevance==
==Biological relevance==
−
Mice that lose MRF during adulthood present with a severe [[demyelination]] similar to that seen in [[animal models]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis multiple sclerosis]. This underlines the importance of an active renewal of proteins in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_sheath myelin sheath]. Further, the activity of MRF increases during remyelination, suggesting it has a critical role in this process.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koenning_0-2">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-koenning-0 [1]]</sup>
+
Mice that lose MRF during adulthood present with a severe [[demyelination]] similar to that seen in [[animal models]] of [[multiple sclerosis]]. This underlines the importance of an active renewal of proteins in the [[myelin sheath]]. Further, the activity of MRF increases during [[remyelination]], suggesting it has a critical role in this process.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koenning_0-2">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-koenning-0 [1]]</sup>
Congruently, it has been shown that animals with repressed MRF in a proportion of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte oligodendrocyte] precursor cells showed a delayed functional recovery from spinal cord injury.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-2 [3]]</sup>
Congruently, it has been shown that animals with repressed MRF in a proportion of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte oligodendrocyte] precursor cells showed a delayed functional recovery from spinal cord injury.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_gene_Regulatory_Factor#cite_note-2 [3]]</sup>
Mice that lose MRF during adulthood present with a severe demyelination similar to that seen in animal models of multiple sclerosis. This underlines the importance of an active renewal of proteins in the myelin sheath. Further, the activity of MRF increases during remyelination, suggesting it has a critical role in this process.[1]
Congruently, it has been shown that animals with repressed MRF in a proportion of oligodendrocyte precursor cells showed a delayed functional recovery from spinal cord injury.[3]
MRF has been shown to be significantly downregulated in a mouse model carrying the same mutation in the NPC1 protein that is underlying Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, a neurodegenerative process in which dysmyelination is a main pathogenic factor. A perturbation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination therefore might be an underlying reason for the neurological deficits.[4]
MRF is encoded by the MRF/GM98 gene in mice and by the C11orf9 gene in humans.[5] The family of MRF-like-proteins also contains the orthologues pqn-47 from C. elegans and MrfA from Dictyostelium.[6] All orthologues have a domain of high homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Ndt80 and therefore likely act as a transcription factor.
^ Cahoy, J. D.; Emery, B.; Kaushal, A.; Foo, L. C.; Zamanian, J. L.; Christopherson, K. S.; Xing, Y.; Lubischer, J. L. et al. (2008). "A Transcriptome Database for Astrocytes, Neurons, and Oligodendrocytes: A New Resource for Understanding Brain Development and Function". Journal of Neuroscience28 (1): 264–278. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4178-07.2008. PMID18171944.
Edit