Muscarine
From Psychology Wiki
Community portal · Tasks to do · News · Help
Clinical · Educational · Ind&Org · Other fields · Professional · Transpersonal · World
Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Personality | Philosophy | Research Methods | Social | Statistics
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology
| Muscarine | |
|---|---|
Image:Amanita muscaria 2.jpg
| |
| Systematic name | (2S,4R,5S)-(4-hydroxy-5-methyl- tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)- trimethyl-ammonium |
| Other names | L-(+)-muscarine, muscarin |
| Chemical formula | C9H20NO2+ |
| Molecular mass | 174.26 g/mol |
| CAS number | [300-54-9] |
| SMILES | O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C[N+](C)(C)C)O[C@H]1C |
| Disclaimer and references | |
Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly Clitocybe dealbata. It was first isolated from Amanita muscaria in 1869. It was the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound activation of the peripheral parasympathetic nervous system that may end in convulsions and death. Muscarine has no effects on the central nervous system because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier due to its positively charged (polar) nitrogen ion.
Muscarine mimics the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at metabotropic receptors that are also known as muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Muscarine poisoning is characterized by increased salivation, sweating (perspiration), and tearflow (lacrimation) within 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion of the mushroom. With large doses, these symptoms may be followed by abdominal pain, severe nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, and labored breathing. Intoxication generally subsides within 2 hours. Death is rare, but may result from cardiac or respiratory failure in severe cases. The specific antidote is atropine.
Mushrooms in the genuses Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested. Muscarine has been found in harmless trace amounts in Boletus, Hygrocybe, Lactarius, and Russula.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- Katzung, Bertam G. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 9th ed. (2004). ISBN 0-07-141092-9
| This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Muscarine. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
