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A metabolic disorder is a medical disorder which affects the production of energy within individual human (or animal) cells. Most metabolic disorders are genetic, though a few are "acquired" as a result of diet, toxins, infections, etc. Genetic metabolic disorders are also known as inborn errors of metabolism.

In general, the genetic metabolic disorders are caused by genetic defects that result in missing or improperly constructed enzymes necessary for some step in the metabolic process of the cell.

The three largest classes of metabolic disorders are:

• Glycogen storage diseases -- disorders affecting carbohydrate metabolism
• Fatty oxidation disorders -- disorders affecting the metabolism of fat components
• Mitochondrial disorders -- disorders affecting the mitochondria which are the central "powerhouses" of the cells.

A fourth class, the channelopathies (some of which cause periodic paralysis and/or malignant hyperthermia) could be considered to be metabolic disorders as well, though they are not always classified as such. These disorders affect the ion channels in the cell and organelle membranes, resulting in improper or inefficient transfer of ions through the membranes.

There are also a number of other metabolic disorders (such as myoadenylate deaminase deficiency) which do not cleanly fit into any of the above classifications.

Many of these are associated with psychological effects or interfere with psychological processing. These would include:

• Cushings syndrome
• Cystic fibrosis
• Diabetes
• Hyperglycemia
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyponatremia
• Lipid metabolism disorders
• Phenylketonuria
• Porphria
• Hypothyridism

[edit] See also

• List of ICD-9 codes 240-279: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders
• Metabolism
• Nutritional deficiencies

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Metabolic disorder. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.