Membranes

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File:Phospholipids aqueous solution structures.svg

Cross section view of the structures that can be formed by phospholipids in aqueous solutions

A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating amphipathic layer that acts as a barrier within or around a cell. It is almost invariably a lipid bilayer, composed of a double layer of lipid molecules (usually phospholipids) and proteins that may constitute close to 50% of membrane content.

Function

Such membranes typically define enclosed spaces or compartments in which cells may maintain a chemical or biochemical environment that differs from the outside. For example, the membrane around peroxisomes shields the rest of the cell from peroxides, and the plasma membrane separates a cell from its surrounding medium. Most organelles are defined by such membranes, and are called membrane-bound organelles.

Probably the most important feature of a biomembrane is that it is a selectively-permeable structure. This means that the size, charge, and other chemical properties of the atoms and molecules attempting to cross it will determine whether they succeed to do so. Selective permeability is essential for effective separation of a cell or organelle from its surroundings. Biological membranes also have certain mechanical or elastic properties.

If a particle is too large or otherwise unable to cross the membrane by itself, but is still needed by a cell, it could either go through one of the protein channels or be taken in by means of endocytosis.

Types of biological membranes

• Cell membrane
• [{Meninges]]
• Mucous membrane
• Nicitating membrane
• S-layer
• Serous membrane
• Tympanic membrane

See also

• Membrane lipids
• Membrane protein
• Osmosis

References

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External links

• MeSH Membranes