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Brain: Thalamic nuclei
Thalamic nuclei: MNG = Midline nuclear group AN = Anterior nuclear group MD = Medial dorsal nucleus VNG = Ventral nuclear group VA = Ventral anterior nucleus VL = Ventral lateral nucleus VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus LNG = Lateral nuclear group PUL = Pulvinar MTh = Metathalamus LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus MG = Medial geniculate nucleus
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MeSH	[1]

Nuclear groups of the thalamus include:

• anterior nuclear group - associated with the limbic system, projects to cingulate cortex
  • anteroventral nucleus
  • anterodorsal nucleus
  • anteromedial nucleus
• medial nuclear group
  • dorsomedial nucleus
    • parvocellular part
    • magnocellular part
  • midline nuclear group
    • paratenial nucleus
    • parventricular nucleus
    • reuniens nucleus
    • rhombodoidal nucleus
  • intralaminar nuclear group
    • centromedian nucleus
    • parafascicular nucleus
    • paracentral nucleus
    • central lateral nucleus
    • central medial nucleus
• lateral nuclear group
  • lateral dorsal nucleus
  • lateral posterior nucleus
  • pulvinar - a visual "association" nucleus
• ventral nuclear group
  • ventral anterior nucleus - receives input from basal ganglia and projects to premotor cortex
  • ventral lateral nucleus - receives input from basal ganglia and projects to motor cortex
  • ventral posterior nucleus
    • ventral posterolateral - receives sensory information from the body
    • ventral posteromedial - receives sensory information from the face
• metathalamus
  • medial geniculate body - receives auditory information (via brachium from inferior colliculus of midbrain)
  • lateral geniculate body - receives visual information from the optic tract
• thalamic reticular nucleus

External linksEdit

• the "Diencephalon" article at geocities
• Diagram at memphis.edu
• Diagram at anatomy.dal.ca

v·d·e Human brain: diencephalon (TA A14.1.08, GA 9.807)
Epithalamus	Surface Pineal body · Habenula · Habenular trigone · Habenular commissure Grey matter Pretectal area · Habenular nuclei · Subcommissural organ
Thalamus	Surface Stria medullaris of thalamus · Thalamic reticular nucleus · Taenia thalami Grey matter/ nuclei paired: AN · Ventral (VA/VL, VP/VPM/VPL) · Lateral (LD, LP, Pulvinar) · Metathalamus (MG, LG) midline: MD · Intralaminar (Centromedian) · Midline nuclear group · Interthalamic adhesion White matter Mammillothalamic fasciculus · Pallidothalamic tracts (Ansa lenticularis, Lenticular fasciculus, Thalamic fasciculus) · PCML (Medial lemniscus, Trigeminal lemniscus) · Spinothalamic tract · Lateral lemniscus · Dentatothalamic tract · Acoustic radiation · Optic radiation · Subthalamic fasciculus · Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Medullary laminae
Hypothalamus	Surface Median eminence/Tuber cinereum · Mammillary body · Infundibulum Grey matter Autonomic zones Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss) · Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation) Endocrine posterior pituitary: magnocellular/Paraventricular/Supraoptic (oxytocin/vasopressin) other: parvocellular/Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH) · Preoptic (GnRH) · Suprachiasmatic (melatonin) Emotion Lateral (hunger) · Ventromedial (satiety) · Dorsomedial (rage) White matter afferent (SN → Medial forebrain bundle) · efferent (Mammillothalamic fasciculus → AN, Stria terminalis → Amygdala, Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus → SC) Pituitary Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
Subthalamus	Subthalamic nucleus · Zona incerta
Ventricular system: Third ventricle	recesses: (Optic recess, Infundibular recess, Suprapineal recess, Pineal recess) Hypothalamic sulcus · Tela chorioidea of third ventricle Subfornical organ Apertures: Interventricular/Monro Posterior commissure

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