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The [[English language|English]] suffixes '''-phobia''', '''-phobic''', '''-phobe''' (of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin) occur in technical usage in [[psychiatry]] to construct words that describe irrational, disabling [[fear]] as a mental disorder (e.g., [[agoraphobia]]), in [[chemistry]] to describe chemical aversions (e.g., [[hydrophobic]]), in [[biology]] to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g., [[acidophobia]]), and in [[medicine]] to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g., [[photophobia]]). In common usage they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject.
  
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{{TOC right}}
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The [[English language|English]] suffixes '''-phobia''', '''-phobic''', '''-phobe''' (''of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin: φόβος/φοβία'' ) occur in technical usage in [[psychology]] and [[psychiatry]] to construct words that describe irrational, disabling [[fear]] as a [[mental disorder]], a [[phobia]] (e.g., [[agoraphobia]]), in [[biology]] to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g., acidophobia), and in [[medicine]] to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g., [[photophobia]]). In common usage they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject. The suffix is [[antonym]]ic to [[-phil-]].
   
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Some concepts have several words attatched to them by different authors, depending, for example, on the choice of Greek or Latin root. The fear of bees is known variously as'''Apiphobia''' (from Latin ''[[apis (genus)|apis]]'' for "[[honeybee]]") or '''melissophobia''' (from Greek ''melissa'' for "honeybee")
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Many people apply the suffix ''-phobia'' inappropriately to mild or irrational fears with no serious substance; however, earlier senses relate to [[psychiatry]] which studies serious phobias which disable a person's [[personal life|life]]. For more information on the psychiatric side of this, including how psychiatry groups phobias as agoraphobia, social phobia, or simple phobia, see [[phobia]]. Treatment for phobias may include [[desensitization]] ([[graduated exposure therapy]]) or [[Flooding (psychology)|flooding]].
  
   
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The following lists include words ending in ''-phobia'', and include fears that have acquired names. In many cases people have coined these words as [[neologism]]s, and only a few of them occur in the medical literature. In many cases, the naming of phobias has become a [[word game]].
 
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:Note too that no things, substances, or even concepts exist which someone, somewhere may not fear, sometimes irrationally so. A list of all possible phobias would run into many thousands and it would require a whole book to include them all, certainly more than an encyclopedia would be able to contain. So this article just gives an idea of the kind of phobias which one may encounter, certainly not all.
  
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Most of these terms tack the [[Affix|suffix]] ''-phobia'' onto a Greek word for the object of the fear (some use a combination of a [[Latin language|Latin]] root with the Greek suffix, which many classicists consider linguistically impure).
  
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In some cases (particularly the less medically-oriented usages), a word ending in ''-phobia'' may have an [[antonym]] with the suffix ''[[-phil-]]'', e.g., [[Anti-German sentiment|Germanophobe]] / [[Germanophile]].
  
   
 
See also the [[:category:Phobias]].
  
See also the [[:category:Phobias]].
   
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<!-- Extra empty line for better TOC display -->
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==Phobia lists==
  
   
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==Psychological conditions==
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A large number of''-phobia'' lists circulate on the Internet, with words collected from indiscriminate sources, often copying each other.
 
   
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* [[Acarophobia]] - fear of mites and by generalization to other small insects.
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Some regard any attempt to create a list of phobias as an irrational endeavor because, theoretically, a person could become conditioned to have a fear of anything. Also, a significant number of unscrupulous psychiatric websites exist that at the first glance cover a huge number of phobias, but in fact use a standard text (see an example below) to fit any phobia and reuse it for all unusual phobias by merely changing the name. For a couple of striking examples.
  
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* [[Ablutophobia]] – fear of bathing, washing, or cleaning.
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* [[Acrophobia]], [[Altophobia]] – fear of heights.
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* [[Aerophobia]] - fear of flying
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* [[Agoraphobia]], [[Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder]] – fear of open spaces
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* [[Agraphobia]] – fear of sexual abuse.
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* [[Aichmophobia]] – fear of sharp or pointed objects (as a needle, knife or a pointing finger).
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* [[Algophobia]] – fear of pain.
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* [[Agyrophobia]] – fear of crossing roads.
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* [[Amathophobia]] - Fear of dust.
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* [[Amaxophobia]] - fear of vehicles, of riding in them.
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* [[Androphobia]] – fear of men.
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* [[Anemophobia]] - fear of wind, drafts, moving air
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* [[Anginophobia]] - fear of suffocation, of being suffocated, or more specifically an attack of [[angina]].
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* [[Anthropophobia]] – fear of people or being in a company, a form of [[social phobia]].
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* [[Anthophobia]] – fear of flowers.
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* [[Aquaphobia]] – fear of water and by generalization [[swimming]].
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* [[Aphephobia]] - fear of being [[touched]] by another person.
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* [[Arachnophobia]] or [[arachneophobia]] - fear of [[spiders]]
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* [[Astraphobia]], Astrapophobia, Brontophobia, Keraunophobia – fear of [[thunder]], [[lightning]] and storms; especially common in young children.
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* [[Autodysomophobia]] - fear of ones body odor being unpleasant
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* [[Autophobia]] - fear of being alone with oneself.
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* [[Fear of flying|Aviophobia]], Aviatophobia – fear of flying.
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* [[Bacillophobia]], Bacteriophobia, Microbiophobia – fear of microbes and [[bacterium|bacteria]].
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* [[Ballistophobia]] - a fear of missile, or of thrwn objects.
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* [[Basiphobia]] - a fear of walking, or even standing erect and walking.
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* [[Bathophobia]] - a fear of [[depth]], and sometimes used in the context of a fear of looking down from a height.
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* [[Belonephobia]] - a fear of sharp pointed objects.
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* [[Bibliophobia]] - a fear of books.
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* [[Blood-injection-injury type phobia]] – a [[DSM-IV]] subtype of specific phobias.
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* [[Bromidrophobia]] or Bromidrosiphobia - Fear of body smells.
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* [[Brontophobia]] - fear of thunder. Not used for the common mild form found in children.
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* [[Cainotophobia]] or cenotophobia - a fear of novelty, of new situations, ideas ot things. See [[Cenotophobia]]
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* [[Cardiophobia]] - a fear of heart problems.
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* [[Catoptrophobia]] - fear of mirrors or of one's own reflection, or of breaking mirrors.
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* [[Cenotophobia]] - Fear of novelty, of new things such as new ideas see [[Cainotophobia]]
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* [[Chorophobia]] - fear of fun, gaity or dancing.
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* [[Cibophobia]], [[Sitophobia]] – aversion to [[food]], synonymous to [[Anorexia nervosa]].
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* [[Claustrophobia]] – fear of confined spaces.
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* [[Computerphobia]] or [[cyberphobia]] - fear of computers, of using them.
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* [[Coprophobia]] - a fear of [[feces]] and by generalization dirt, contamination, and filth
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* [[Coulrophobia]] – fear of [[clown]]s (not restricted to [[evil clown]]s).
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* [[Cynophobia]] - fear of [[dogs]]
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* [[Cypridophobia]] - a fear of [[sexually transmitted disease]], or by extension of [[sexual behavior]]
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* [[Decidophobia]] – fear of making decisions.
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* [[Demophobia]] - fear of crowds.
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* [[Dental phobia]], Dentophobia, Odontophobia – fear of [[dentist]]s and dental procedures
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* [[Dysmorphophobia]], or [[body dysmorphic disorder]] – a fear of imaginary body defect.
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* [[Emetophobia]] – fear of vomiting.
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* [[Enissophobia]] - a fear of criticism.
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* [[Epistemophobia]] - a fear of knowledge.
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* [[Ergasiophobia]], or Ergophobia – fear of [[work]] or by extension taking on responsibility, as in a [[surgery|surgeon]]'s fear of operating.
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* [[Eremophobia]] - a fear of solitude of being alone. See [[autophobia]]
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* [[Ergophobia]] or [[ergasiophobia]]– fear of work or of responsibility.
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* [[Erotophobia]] – fear of sexual love or sexual questions.
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* [[Erythrophobia]] or ereuthrophobia – a fear of red objects and by generalization blushing.
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* [[Febriphobia]] - a fear of illness due to rising body temperature, or fever.
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* [[Gamophobia]] - a fear of marriage.
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* [[Gelotophobia]] - fear of being laughed at.
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* [[Gephyrophobia]] – fear of [[bridge]]s.
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* [[Genophobia]], Coitophobia – fear of sexual intercourse.
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* [[Gerascophobia]] – fear of growing old or ageing.
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* [[Gerontophobia]] – fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly.
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* [[Geumaphobia]] - a fear of [[tastes]]
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* [[Glossophobia]] – fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
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* [[Gymnophobia]] – fear of [[Nudism|nudity]].
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* [[Gynophobia]] – fear of women.
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* [[Haptephobia]] – fear of being touched.
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* [[Heliophobia]] – fear of sunlight.
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* [[Hemophobia]], '''haemophobia''', '''hematophobia''' or '''haematophobia''' – fear of [[blood]] or sight of blood.
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* [[Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia]] – fear of the [[Number of the Beast|number 666]].
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* [[Haphephobia]] - fear of being touched by another person.
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* [[Heliophobia]] - fear of the sun or of sunlight.
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* [[Heirophobia]] - fear of religion, of religious rites or objects.
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* [[Homophobia]] - fear of men, or more specifically [[homosexuals]]
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* [[Hoplophobia]] – fear of [[weapon]]s, specifically [[firearm]]s (Generally a political term but the clinical phobia is also documented).
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* [[Hyalophobia]] - fear of glass.
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* [[Hydrophobia]] - fear of water.
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* [[Hydrophobiaphobia]] - fear of [[rabies]]
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* [[Hypertrichophobia]] - fear of growing body hair, particularly excessive amounts.
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* [[Hypnophobia]] - fear of falling asleep.
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* [[Iophobia]] - fear of being poisoned, fear of rusty objects.
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* [[Kainophobia]] - fear of new experiences, situations etc. See [[Cenotophobia]].
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* [[Kenophobia]] - fear of empty spaces
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* [[Keraunophobia]] - fear of lightening and by association thunder.
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* [[Kopophobia]] - fear of becoming [[fatigued]] or exhausted
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* [[Lalophobia]] - In the general sense a fear of [[speaking]], more specifically a fear of [[stammering]] or making errors while speaking.
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* [[Levophobia]] - a fear of things on the left hand side of the body.
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* [[Ligyrophobia]] – fear of loud noises.
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* [[Lipophobia]] – fear/avoidance of fats in food.
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* [[Macrophobia]] - a fear of large objects.
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* [[Microphobia]] - a fear of small objects.
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* [[Medication phobia]] - fear of [[medications]].
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* [[Megalophobia]] - fear of large/oversized objects.
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* [[Monophobia]] - fear of being alone.
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* [[Mysophobia]] – fear of germs, contamination or dirt.
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* [[Necrophobia]] – fear of death, the dead, particularly human corpses.
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* [[Neophobia]], '''Cainophobia''', '''Cainotophobia''', '''Cenophobia''', '''Centophobia''', '''Kainolophobia''', '''Kainophobia''' – fear of newness, novelty. see [[dietary neophobia]]
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* [[Nomophobia]] – fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
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* [[Nosophobia]] – fear of illness or of contracting a particular disease.
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* [[Nosocomephobia]] - fear of hospitals.
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* [[Nyctophobia]], '''Achluophobia''', '''Lygophobia''', '''Scotophobia''' – fear of darkness.
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* [[Ochlophobia]] - fear of crowds and/or crowded places.
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* [[Odontophobia]] - fear of teeth, or of [[dental surgery]]
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* [[Ombrophobia]] - fear of rainstorms
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* [[Onomatophobia]] - fear of a particular word or name
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* [[Ophidiophobia]] - fear of [[snakes]]
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* [[Osmophobia]], '''Olfactophobia''' – fear of smells.
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* [[Panophobia]] or '''panphobia''' or '''pantophobia''' - a fear of everything
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* [[Panphobia]] – fear of everything or constantly afraid without knowing what is causing it.
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* [[Paraskavedekatriaphobia]], Paraskevidekatriaphobia, Friggatriskaidekaphobia – fear of [[Friday the 13th]].
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* [[Parturiphobia]] - fear of childbirth.
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* [[Peccatophobia]] - a fear of committing sin.
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* [[Pedophobia]] or [[paedophobia ]] or [[pediaphobia]] - Fear of children
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* [[Phasmophobia]] - fear of ghosts, spectres or phantasms.
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* [[Phagophobia]] – fear of swallowing.
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* [[Pharmacophobia]] – same as [[medication phobia]]
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* [[Phobophobia]] – fear of fear itself or of developing a phobia.
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* [[Phonophobia]] – fear of loud sounds, or a fear of ones own voice.
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* [[Ponophobia]] - a fear of [[pain]] or of being worked to hard
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* [[Pyrophobia]] – fear of fire.
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* [[Radiophobia]] – fear of [[radioactivity]] or [[X-ray]]s.
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* [[Rhypophobia]] - fear of [[defecation]] or of the product [[feces]]. See [[Coprophobia]]
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* [[Social phobia|Sociophobia]] – fear of people or social situations
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* [[Scopophobia]] – fear of being seen, looked at or stared at by others.
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* [[Scotophobia]] - fear of the dark
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* [[Somniphobia]] – fear of sleep.
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* [[Spectrophobia]] – fear of mirrors and one's own reflections.
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* [[Stasibasiphobia]] - fear of standing erect and walking.
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* [[Stasiphobia]] - fear of [[walking]].
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* [[Symbolophobia]] - a fear of [[smybols]]
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* [[Taphophobia]] – fear of the [[Grave (burial)|grave]], or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive.
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* [[Technophobia]] – fear of [[technology]] (see also [[Luddite]]).
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* [[Telephone phobia]], fear or reluctance of making or taking [[phone call]]s.
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* [[Tetraphobia]] – fear of the number [[4 (number)|4]].
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* [[Thalassophobia]] - fear of the sea.
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* [[Thanatophobia]] - fear of death, particularly human corpses.
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* [[Theophobia]] - fear of God, fear of retribution for sins.
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* [[Tokophobia]] – fear of childbirth.
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* [[Tomophobia]] – fear or anxiety of surgeries/surgical operations.
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* [[Toxophobia]] - fear of [[poisons]], or of being poisoned.
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* [[Traumatophobia]] – a synonym for [[injury phobia]], a fear of having an injury
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* [[Tremophobia]] - fear of [[trembling]]
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* [[Trichophobia]] - fear of [[hair]]
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* [[Triskaidekaphobia]], '''Terdekaphobia''' – fear of the number [[13 (number)|13]].
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* [[Trypanophobia]], Belonephobia, Enetophobia – fear of needles or injections.
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* [[Workplace phobia]] – fear of the work place.
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* [[Xenoglossophobia]] - fear of foreign languages, or of having to learn them.
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* [[Xenophobia]] – fear of strangers, foreigners, or aliens.
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* [[Zoophobia]] - fear of animals
   
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==Phobia categories==
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:"... Poor performance or grades. Promotions that pass you by. moths phobia will likely cost you tens, even hundreds of thousands of dollars over the course of your lifetime, let alone the cost to your health and quality of life. Now Moths Phobia can be gone for less than the price of a round-trip airline ticket."
 
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There are a number of ways to categorize phobias, none of them particularly satisfactory due to overlapping divisions. {{cn}}
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:"... The expert phobia team at CTRN's Phobia Clinic is board-certified to help with [[Russophobia]] and a variety of related problems. The success rate of our 24 hour program is close to 100%"
 
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:"...We don't use hypnosis for Prostitute Phobia but our modern techniques are equally relaxing and enjoyable. Clients immediately notice that they feel different. Once the unconscious mind feels safe and learns how to respond appropriately, it will always know - so the results are permanent. Prostitute Phobia is gone. Forever." [http://www.changethatsrightnow.com/problem_detail.asp?SDID=6425:1488] [http://www.webpronews.com/insidesearch/insidesearch/wpn-56-20050825ContentSpammersHelpYouOvercomeProstitutePhobia.html]
  
   
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According to the fourth revision of the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] phobias can be classified under the following general categories:
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=== Standard "-phobia" description template ===
  
   
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* '''[[Animal phobias]]''' :For example the fear of dogs, cats, rats and/or mice, pigs, cows, birds, spiders and the fear of snakes
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Substituting the string "<something>" with the name of any [[specific phobia]] in the text below will give you a fairly correct description. Numerous websites that promise cures for thousands of phobias take this template approach. This does not necessarily mean that they sell [[snake oil]], because the psychological mechanisms of most specific phobias resemble each other.
  
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* '''[[Natural environment phobias]]''' :Like the fear of heights ([[acrophobia]]), the fear of lightning and thunderstorms ([[astraphobia]]), and the fear of aging ([[gerascophobia]]).
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* '''[[Situational phobias]]''' :Like the fear of small confined spaces ([[claustrophobia]]) and being "afraid of the dark," ([[nyctophobia]]).
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* '''[[Medically related phobias]]''' : eg [[Blood-injection-injury type phobias]]
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, like the fear of medical procedures including needles and injections ([[Trypanophobia]])
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* '''[[Uncategorized phobias]]''' :Like the fear of the [[13 (number)|number 13]] ([[triskaidekaphobia]]), and the fear of [[clowns]] ([[coulrophobia]]).
   
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:'''<Something>phobia''' means "fear of <something>".
  
   
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We might add in here:
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:The condition often significantly impacts the [[quality of life]]. It can cause [[panic attack]]s and keep people apart from loved ones and business associates. [[Symptom]]s typically include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, sweating, nausea, and overall feelings of dread, although everyone experiences <something>phobia in their own way and may have different symptoms.
  
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* [[Phobia concerning the physical self]]
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* [[Social phobias]].
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* [[Culture specific phobias]]
   
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:Though doctors often prescribe various potent drugs for <something>phobia, severe side-effects and/or withdrawal symptoms can ensue. Moreover, drugs do not "cure" <something>phobia. At best they temporarily suppress the symptoms through chemical interaction.
  
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:The unconscious mind creates <something>phobia, like other phobias, as a protective mechanism. Probably, at some point in your past, an event occurred linking failure or defeat and emotional trauma. Whilst the original catalyst may have been a real-life scare of some kind, myriad, benign events can also trigger the condition: movies, TV, or perhaps seeing someone else experience trauma.
  
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:The actual phobia manifests itself in different ways. Some sufferers experience it almost all the time, others just in response to direct stimuli. Everyone has their own unique formula for when and how to feel bad.
  
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While technically we can call anything a phobia, the actual definition of a phobia involves having an ''irrational'' fear of something that can cause no physical harm or trauma. For example, to have a fear of (say) cotton balls or of feathers classes as an ''irrational'' fear and falls into the correct category of a phobia because such things could in no way cause harm to you. Whereas a fear of a large predatory animals or of hurricanes, as a ''rational'' fear, does not classify as a phobia, because such encounters carry a possibility of harm or death.
  
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<!--As with other Wikipedia articles, the list below should include only information taken from reputable sources. Phobia-lists, blogs, and snake-oil psychiatric websites that promise to heal you from [[Russophobia]] for a mere $1899.99 do not count as reputable.-->
  
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==Psychological conditions==
  
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In many cases specialists prefer to avoid the suffix ''-phobia'' and use more descriptive terms, see, e.g., [[:Category:Personality disorders]], [[anxiety disorder]]s, [[avoidant personality disorder]], [[love-shyness]], [[love sickness]].
  
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* [[Acrophobia]], Altophobia — fear of heights.
  
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* [[Agoraphobia]] — fear of a place or event where escape is impossible or when help is unavailiable.
 
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* [[Algophobia]] — fear of pain.
  
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* [[Androphobia]] — fear of [[male]]s.
  
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* [[Anthropomorphobia]] — fear or dislike of [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] traits.
  
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* [[Aquaphobia]], [[Hydrophobia]] — fear of water, specifically the morbid fear of drowning.
  
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* [[Astraphobia]], Astrapophobia, Brontophobia, Keraunophobia — fear of [[thunder]], [[lightning]] and storms; especially common in young children.
  
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* [[Fear of flying|Aviophobia]], Aviatophobia — fear of flying.
  
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* [[Bacillophobia]], Bacteriophobia, Microbiophobia — fear of [[microbe]]s and [[bacterium|bacteria]].
  
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* [[Bathophobia]] — fear of depth.
  
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* Cibophobia, Sitophobia — aversion to [[food]], synonymous to [[Anorexia nervosa]].
  
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* [[Claustrophobia]] — fear of confined spaces.
  
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* [[Clinophobia]] — fear of going to bed or falling asleep.
  
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* [[Coulrophobia]] — fear of [[clown]]s (not restricted to [[evil clown]]s).
  
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* [[Dental phobia]], Dentophobia, Odontophobia — fear of [[dentist]]s and dental procedures.
  
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*[[Dysmorphophobia]], or [[body dysmorphic disorder]] — a phobic obsession with a real or imaginary body defect.
  
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* [[Emetophobia]] — fear of vomiting.
  
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* [[Ergasiophobia]], Ergophobia — fear of work or functioning, or a [[surgery|surgeon]]'s fear of operating.
  
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* [[Erotophobia]] — fear of sexual love or sexual questions.
  
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* [[Erythrophobia]] — pathological blushing.
 
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* [[Genophobia]], Coitophobia — fear of [[sexual intercourse]].
  
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* [[Glossophobia]] — fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
  
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* [[Gymnophobia]] — fear of nudity.
  
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* [[Hoplophobia]] — fear of firearms (guns).
  
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* [[Heliophobia]] — fear of sunlight.
  
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* [[Hemophobia]], Haemophobia — fear of [[blood]].
  
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* [[Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia]] — fear of the [[666 (number)|number 666]].
  
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* [[Lalophobia]], Laliophobia — fear of speaking.
  
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* [[Ligyrophobia]] — fear of loud noises.
  
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* [[Mysophobia]] — fear of germs, contamination or dirt.
  
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* [[Necrophobia]] — fear of death, the dead.
 
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* [[Neophobia]], Cainophobia, Cainotophobia, Cenophobia, Centophobia, Kainolophobia, Kainophobia — fear of newness, novelty.
  
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* [[Nyctophobia]], Achluophobia, Lygophobia, Scotophobia — fear of darkness.
  
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* [[Osmophobia]], Olfactophobia — fear of smells.
  
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* [[Paraskavedekatriaphobia]], Paraskevidekatriaphobia, Friggatriskaidekaphobia — fear of [[Friday the 13th]].
  
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* [[Pyrophobia]] — fear of fire.
  
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* [[Radiophobia]] — fear of [[radiation]] or [[X-ray]]s.
  
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* [[Social anxiety|Sociophobia]] — fear/dislike of society or people in general (see also "[[Antisocial personality disorder|sociopath]]").
  
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* [[Taphephobia]] — fear of the [[grave]], or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive.
  
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* [[Technophobia]] — fear of [[technology]] (see also [[Luddite]]).
  
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* [[Tokophobia]] — fear of [[childbirth]].
  
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* [[Triskaidekaphobia]], Terdekaphobia — fear of the number [[13 (number)|13]].
  
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* [[Trypanophobia]] — fear of needles, injections or of pointed objects.
  
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* [[Xenophobia]] — fear of strangers, foreigners, or aliens.
  
   
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===[[Zoophobia]]s===
  
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* [[Ailurophobia]], [[Felinophobia]] — dislike of [[cat]]s.
  
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* [[Apiphobia]], [[Melissophobia]] — fear of [[bee]]s.
  
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* [[Arachnophobia]] — fear of [[arachnid]]s, usually specific to [[spider]]s.
  
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* [[Chiroptophobia]] — fear of [[bat]]s.
  
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* [[Cynophobia]] — fear of dogs or of [[rabies]].
  
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* [[Entomophobia]], Insectophobia — fear of insects. (Also the [[orchid]] [[genus]] ''[[Entomophobia (orchid)|Entomophobia]]''.)
  
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* [[Equinophobia]], [[Hippophobia]] — fear of [[horse]]s.
  
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* [[Herpetophobia]] — fear of [[reptile]]s.
  
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* [[Musophobia]] — fear of [[mouse|mice]] and/or [[rat]]s.
  
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* [[Myrmecophobia]] — fear of [[ant]]s.
  
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* [[Ophidiophobia]] — fear of [[snake]]s.
  
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* [[Ornithophobia]] — fear of [[bird]]s.
 
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* [[Scoleciphobia]] — aversion to [[worm]]s.
  
   
 
==Non-psychological conditions==
  
==Non-psychological conditions==
   
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* [[Rabies|Hydrophobia]] – fear of [[water]] (a symptom of [[rabies]]).
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The following medical conditions have nothing to do with irrational fears. However, each usually has a psychological disorder of the same name which is an irrational fear. The behavior of an individual with the medical condition can be similar to the behavior of an individual with the psychological disorder of the same name (e.g., for both usages of [[Photophobia]] the person avoids light). The difference in usage is that for the medical term there is an underlying physiological condition that results in the behavior. For example, with medical [[Photophobia]] the hypersensitivity to light is sufficient such that at some light levels the person experiences pain which they avoid by seeking darkness. Removing the physiological cause of the hypersensitivity to light results in the person no longer avoiding light. With psychological [[Photophobia]] the person fears the light even though there is no current physiological pain caused by light.
  
  +
* [[Photophobia]] – hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light
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* [[Hydrophobia]] — fear of [[water]] (a symptom of [[rabies]]).
  
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* [[Photophobia]] — hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light.
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* [[Phonophobia]] – hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to sounds.
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* [[Phonophobia]] — hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to sounds.
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* [[Osmophobia]] – hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors.
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* [[Osmophobia]] — hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors.
  
   
  +
==Biology==
  +
[[Biology|Biologist]]s use a number of ''-phobia/-phobic'' terms to describe predispositions by plants and animals against certain conditions. For antonyms, see [[-phil-#Biology|here]].
  +
* [[Heliophobia|Heliophobia/Heliophobic]] – aversion to [[sun]]light.
  +
* [[Ombrophobia]] – avoidance of rain
  +
* [[Photophobia (biology)]] a negative [[phototaxis]] or [[phototropism]] response, or a tendency to stay out of the light
  +
* [[Thermophobia]] – aversion to [[heat]].
   
  +
==Prejudices and discrimination==
−
==Biology, chemistry==
  
  +
{{See also|List of anti-ethnic terms}}
−
[[Biology|Biologist]]s use a number of ''-phobia/-phobic'' terms to describe predispositions by plants and animals against certain conditions. See for antonyms in "Biology" section of the "[[-phil-]]" article.
  
  +
−
* [[Acidophobe|Acidophobia/Acidophobic]] — preference for non-acidic conditions.
  
  +
The suffix ''-phobia'' is used to coin terms that denote a particular anti-ethnic or anti-demographic sentiment, such as [[Europhobia]], [[Francophobia]], [[Hispanophobia]], and [[Indophobia]]. Often a synonym with the prefix "anti-" already exists (e.g., [[Polonophobia]] vs. [[anti-Polonism]]). Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as [[Christianophobia]] and [[Islamophobia]].
−
* [[Heliophobia|Heliophobia/Heliophobic]] — aversion to [[sun]]light.
  
−
* [[Hydrophobe|Hydrophobia/Hydrophobic]] — a property of being repelled by water.
  
−
* [[Lipophobe|Lipophobia/Lipophobic]] — a property of being insoluble in [[lipid]]s.
  
−
* [[Photophobia (biology)|Photophobia/Photophobic]] — a negative [[phototaxis]] or [[phototropism]] response.
  
−
* [[Superhydrophobe]] — the property given to materials that are extremely difficult to get wet.
  
−
* [[Thermophobic|Thermophobia/Thermophobic]] — aversion to [[heat]].
  
−
* [[Xerophobe|Xerophobia/Xerophobic]] — aversion to dryness.
  
   
  +
Other prejudices include:
−
==Prejudices==
  
−
One can readily use the suffix ''-phobia'' to coin a term that denotes a particular anti-ethnic sentiment, such as [[Francophobia]]. Often a synonym with the prefix "anti-" already exists: [[Polonophobia]] vs. [[anti-Polonism]]. See "[[List of anti-ethnic terms]]" for more examples. Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as [[Christianophobia]] and [[Islamophobia]].
  
   
  +
* [[Biphobia]] – dislike of [[bisexual]]s.
−
Other prejudices include
  
  +
* [[Chemophobia]] – prejudice against artificial substances in favour of 'natural' substances.
−
* [[Gerontophobia]], fear of growing old or a hatred of old people.
  
−
* [[Ephebiphobia]], Hebephobia — fear/dislike of [[teenagers]].
 +
* [[Ephebiphobia]] – fear/dislike of [[youth]].
  +
* [[Gerontophobia]], [[Gerascophobia]] – fear of growing old or a hatred of the [[elderly]].
−
* [[Heterophobia]] — dislike of heterosexuals.
  
  +
* [[Heterophobia]] – fear/dislike of [[heterosexual]]s.
−
* [[Homophobia]] — dislike of [[homosexuality]] or of becoming homosexual. (This word has become a common political term, and many people interpret it as a [[slur]].)
  
−
* [[Biphobia]] — dislike of [[bisexual]]s, by either monosexually heterosexuals or homosexuals.
 +
* [[Homophobia]] – aversion to [[homosexuality]] or fear of homosexuals.
  +
* [[Hoplophobia]] – aversion to [[firearms]] or firearms owners. This word has also gained a certain political notoriety as a [[dysphemism]] for "gun control advocate".
−
* [[Transphobia]] — fear or dislike of [[transgender]] or [[transsexual]] people.
  
  +
* [[Judeophobia]] – fear/dislike of Jews.
  +
* [[Lesbophobia]] – fear/dislike of lesbian women.
  +
* [[Pedophobia]], [[Pediophobia]] – fear/dislike of children.
  +
* [[Psychophobia]] – fear/dislike of [[mentally ill]].
  +
* [[Transphobia]] – fear or dislike of [[transgender]] or [[transsexual]] people.
  +
* [[Xenophobia]] – fear or dislike of [[foreigners]].
   
  +
==see also==
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==Joke and fictional phobias==
  
  +
*[[Affect phobia]]
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* ''[[Anachrophobia]]'' (book title) — fear of temporal displacement.
  
  +
*[[-phil]]
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* Aibohphobia — a joke term for the fear of [[palindrome]]s, using (of course) a palindromic word.
  
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* Anatidaephobia — fear that somewhere, somehow, a [[duck]] is watching you (fictional, from a [[Gary Larson]] cartoon published in ''[[The Far Side|The Far Side Gallery, 4]]'').
  
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* Arachibutyrophobia — fear of [[peanut butter]] sticking to the roof of the mouth. It had circulated in the Internet for some time until it landed at the [http://changethatsrightnow.com/problem_detail.asp?SDID=301:1381 CTRN Phobia Clinic website] (in a way described above, in the section "[[#Standard "-phobia" description template|Standard "-phobia" description template]]"): "Working one-on-one with one of our team, with guaranteed lifetime elimination of Sticky Peanut Butter Phobia. '''From $1497 and up'''."
  
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* Arachnophobiaphobia - the fear of people who are afraid of spiders. From ''[[Gilmore Girls]]'' episode 6.22, "Partings":
  
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*:LORELAI: What's it called when you're afraid of people who are afraid of spiders? ‘Cause that one I’ve got.
  
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*:EMILY: Oh, lord.
  
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*:CAROLYN: I don't think there's a technical term for that yet.
  
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*:LORELAI: How about arachnophobiaphobia? 'Cause that makes sense.
  
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* Luposlipaphobia — the fear of being pursued by [[timber wolf|timber wolves]] around a kitchen table while wearing socks on a newly-waxed floor (fictional, also from [[Gary Larson]] in the cartoon series ''The Far Side'').
  
−
* Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia — fear of long words. Hippopoto- "big" due to its allusion to the Greek-derived word [[hippopotamus]] (though this is derived as ''hippo-'' "horse" compounded with ''potam-os'' "river", so originally meaning "river horse"; according to the Oxford English, hippopotamine has been construed as large since 1847, so this coinage is reasonable); -monstr- is from Latin words meaning "monstrous", -o- is a pseudo-Greek noun-compounding vowel; -sesquipedali- comes from "sesquipedalian" meaning a long word (literally "a foot and a half long" in Latin), -o- is a pseudo-Greek noun-compounding vowel, and -phobia means "fear".
  
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* Phobophobia — the fear of fear itself.
  
   
 
== References ==
  
== References ==
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{{reflist}}
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* {{cite book|title=The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families|id=ISBN 155369886X|publisher=Trafford Publishing|author=Chris Aldrich|date=[[2002-12-02]]}}
  
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* {{cite book|title=The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families|isbn=1-55369-886-X|publisher=Trafford Publishing|author=Chris Aldrich|date=2002-12-02}}
   
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{{Phobia}}
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==See also==
  
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*[[List of fictional characters with phobias]]
  
   
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{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Phobias}}
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[[Category:Phobias| 2]]
  
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[[Category:Suffixes|phobia]]
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[[Category:Phobias|*]]
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[[Category:Medical lists]]
   
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Phobias
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'Articles

List of Phobias

The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (of Greek origin: φόβος/φοβία ) occur in technical usage in psychology and psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, disabling fear as a mental disorder, a phobia (e.g., agoraphobia), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g., acidophobia), and in medicine to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g., photophobia). In common usage they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject. The suffix is antonymic to -phil-.

Some concepts have several words attatched to them by different authors, depending, for example, on the choice of Greek or Latin root. The fear of bees is known variously asApiphobia (from Latin apis for "honeybee") or melissophobia (from Greek melissa for "honeybee")


See also the category:Phobias.


Psychological conditions

  • Acarophobia - fear of mites and by generalization to other small insects.
  • Ablutophobia – fear of bathing, washing, or cleaning.
  • Acrophobia, Altophobia – fear of heights.
  • Aerophobia - fear of flying
  • Agoraphobia, Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder – fear of open spaces
  • Agraphobia – fear of sexual abuse.
  • Aichmophobia – fear of sharp or pointed objects (as a needle, knife or a pointing finger).
  • Algophobia – fear of pain.
  • Agyrophobia – fear of crossing roads.
  • Amathophobia - Fear of dust.
  • Amaxophobia - fear of vehicles, of riding in them.
  • Androphobia – fear of men.
  • Anemophobia - fear of wind, drafts, moving air
  • Anginophobia - fear of suffocation, of being suffocated, or more specifically an attack of angina.
  • Anthropophobia – fear of people or being in a company, a form of social phobia.
  • Anthophobia – fear of flowers.
  • Aquaphobia – fear of water and by generalization swimming.
  • Aphephobia - fear of being touched by another person.
  • Arachnophobia or arachneophobia - fear of spiders
  • Astraphobia, Astrapophobia, Brontophobia, Keraunophobia – fear of thunder, lightning and storms; especially common in young children.
  • Autodysomophobia - fear of ones body odor being unpleasant
  • Autophobia - fear of being alone with oneself.
  • Aviophobia, Aviatophobia – fear of flying.
  • Bacillophobia, Bacteriophobia, Microbiophobia – fear of microbes and bacteria.
  • Ballistophobia - a fear of missile, or of thrwn objects.
  • Basiphobia - a fear of walking, or even standing erect and walking.
  • Bathophobia - a fear of depth, and sometimes used in the context of a fear of looking down from a height.
  • Belonephobia - a fear of sharp pointed objects.
  • Bibliophobia - a fear of books.
  • Blood-injection-injury type phobia – a DSM-IV subtype of specific phobias.
  • Bromidrophobia or Bromidrosiphobia - Fear of body smells.
  • Brontophobia - fear of thunder. Not used for the common mild form found in children.
  • Cainotophobia or cenotophobia - a fear of novelty, of new situations, ideas ot things. See Cenotophobia
  • Cardiophobia - a fear of heart problems.
  • Catoptrophobia - fear of mirrors or of one's own reflection, or of breaking mirrors.
  • Cenotophobia - Fear of novelty, of new things such as new ideas see Cainotophobia
  • Chorophobia - fear of fun, gaity or dancing.
  • Cibophobia, Sitophobia – aversion to food, synonymous to Anorexia nervosa.
  • Claustrophobia – fear of confined spaces.
  • Computerphobia or cyberphobia - fear of computers, of using them.
  • Coprophobia - a fear of feces and by generalization dirt, contamination, and filth
  • Coulrophobia – fear of clowns (not restricted to evil clowns).
  • Cynophobia - fear of dogs
  • Cypridophobia - a fear of sexually transmitted disease, or by extension of sexual behavior
  • Decidophobia – fear of making decisions.
  • Demophobia - fear of crowds.
  • Dental phobia, Dentophobia, Odontophobia – fear of dentists and dental procedures
  • Dysmorphophobia, or body dysmorphic disorder – a fear of imaginary body defect.
  • Emetophobia – fear of vomiting.
  • Enissophobia - a fear of criticism.
  • Epistemophobia - a fear of knowledge.
  • Ergasiophobia, or Ergophobia – fear of work or by extension taking on responsibility, as in a surgeon's fear of operating.
  • Eremophobia - a fear of solitude of being alone. See autophobia
  • Ergophobia or ergasiophobia– fear of work or of responsibility.
  • Erotophobia – fear of sexual love or sexual questions.
  • Erythrophobia or ereuthrophobia – a fear of red objects and by generalization blushing.
  • Febriphobia - a fear of illness due to rising body temperature, or fever.
  • Gamophobia - a fear of marriage.
  • Gelotophobia - fear of being laughed at.
  • Gephyrophobia – fear of bridges.
  • Genophobia, Coitophobia – fear of sexual intercourse.
  • Gerascophobia – fear of growing old or ageing.
  • Gerontophobia – fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly.
  • Geumaphobia - a fear of tastes
  • Glossophobia – fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
  • Gymnophobia – fear of nudity.
  • Gynophobia – fear of women.
  • Haptephobia – fear of being touched.
  • Heliophobia – fear of sunlight.
  • Hemophobia, haemophobia, hematophobia or haematophobia – fear of blood or sight of blood.
  • Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia – fear of the number 666.
  • Haphephobia - fear of being touched by another person.
  • Heliophobia - fear of the sun or of sunlight.
  • Heirophobia - fear of religion, of religious rites or objects.
  • Homophobia - fear of men, or more specifically homosexuals
  • Hoplophobia – fear of weapons, specifically firearms (Generally a political term but the clinical phobia is also documented).
  • Hyalophobia - fear of glass.
  • Hydrophobia - fear of water.
  • Hydrophobiaphobia - fear of rabies
  • Hypertrichophobia - fear of growing body hair, particularly excessive amounts.
  • Hypnophobia - fear of falling asleep.
  • Iophobia - fear of being poisoned, fear of rusty objects.
  • Kainophobia - fear of new experiences, situations etc. See Cenotophobia.
  • Kenophobia - fear of empty spaces
  • Keraunophobia - fear of lightening and by association thunder.
  • Kopophobia - fear of becoming fatigued or exhausted
  • Lalophobia - In the general sense a fear of speaking, more specifically a fear of stammering or making errors while speaking.
  • Levophobia - a fear of things on the left hand side of the body.
  • Ligyrophobia – fear of loud noises.
  • Lipophobia – fear/avoidance of fats in food.
  • Macrophobia - a fear of large objects.
  • Microphobia - a fear of small objects.
  • Medication phobia - fear of medications.
  • Megalophobia - fear of large/oversized objects.
  • Monophobia - fear of being alone.
  • Mysophobia – fear of germs, contamination or dirt.
  • Necrophobia – fear of death, the dead, particularly human corpses.
  • Neophobia, Cainophobia, Cainotophobia, Cenophobia, Centophobia, Kainolophobia, Kainophobia – fear of newness, novelty. see dietary neophobia
  • Nomophobia – fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
  • Nosophobia – fear of illness or of contracting a particular disease.
  • Nosocomephobia - fear of hospitals.
  • Nyctophobia, Achluophobia, Lygophobia, Scotophobia – fear of darkness.
  • Ochlophobia - fear of crowds and/or crowded places.
  • Odontophobia - fear of teeth, or of dental surgery
  • Ombrophobia - fear of rainstorms
  • Onomatophobia - fear of a particular word or name
  • Ophidiophobia - fear of snakes
  • Osmophobia, Olfactophobia – fear of smells.
  • Panophobia or panphobia or pantophobia - a fear of everything
  • Panphobia – fear of everything or constantly afraid without knowing what is causing it.
  • Paraskavedekatriaphobia, Paraskevidekatriaphobia, Friggatriskaidekaphobia – fear of Friday the 13th.
  • Parturiphobia - fear of childbirth.
  • Peccatophobia - a fear of committing sin.
  • Pedophobia or paedophobia or pediaphobia - Fear of children
  • Phasmophobia - fear of ghosts, spectres or phantasms.
  • Phagophobia – fear of swallowing.
  • Pharmacophobia – same as medication phobia
  • Phobophobia – fear of fear itself or of developing a phobia.
  • Phonophobia – fear of loud sounds, or a fear of ones own voice.
  • Ponophobia - a fear of pain or of being worked to hard
  • Pyrophobia – fear of fire.
  • Radiophobia – fear of radioactivity or X-rays.
  • Rhypophobia - fear of defecation or of the product feces. See Coprophobia
  • Sociophobia – fear of people or social situations
  • Scopophobia – fear of being seen, looked at or stared at by others.
  • Scotophobia - fear of the dark
  • Somniphobia – fear of sleep.
  • Spectrophobia – fear of mirrors and one's own reflections.
  • Stasibasiphobia - fear of standing erect and walking.
  • Stasiphobia - fear of walking.
  • Symbolophobia - a fear of smybols
  • Taphophobia – fear of the grave, or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive.
  • Technophobia – fear of technology (see also Luddite).
  • Telephone phobia, fear or reluctance of making or taking phone calls.
  • Tetraphobia – fear of the number 4.
  • Thalassophobia - fear of the sea.
  • Thanatophobia - fear of death, particularly human corpses.
  • Theophobia - fear of God, fear of retribution for sins.
  • Tokophobia – fear of childbirth.
  • Tomophobia – fear or anxiety of surgeries/surgical operations.
  • Toxophobia - fear of poisons, or of being poisoned.
  • Traumatophobia – a synonym for injury phobia, a fear of having an injury
  • Tremophobia - fear of trembling
  • Trichophobia - fear of hair
  • Triskaidekaphobia, Terdekaphobia – fear of the number 13.
  • Trypanophobia, Belonephobia, Enetophobia – fear of needles or injections.
  • Workplace phobia – fear of the work place.
  • Xenoglossophobia - fear of foreign languages, or of having to learn them.
  • Xenophobia – fear of strangers, foreigners, or aliens.
  • Zoophobia - fear of animals

Phobia categories

There are a number of ways to categorize phobias, none of them particularly satisfactory due to overlapping divisions. [citation needed]

According to the fourth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders phobias can be classified under the following general categories:

, like the fear of medical procedures including needles and injections (Trypanophobia)


We might add in here:


Non-psychological conditions

Biology

Biologists use a number of -phobia/-phobic terms to describe predispositions by plants and animals against certain conditions. For antonyms, see here.

  • Heliophobia/Heliophobic – aversion to sunlight.
  • Ombrophobia – avoidance of rain
  • Photophobia (biology) a negative phototaxis or phototropism response, or a tendency to stay out of the light
  • Thermophobia – aversion to heat.

Prejudices and discrimination

See also: List of anti-ethnic terms

The suffix -phobia is used to coin terms that denote a particular anti-ethnic or anti-demographic sentiment, such as Europhobia, Francophobia, Hispanophobia, and Indophobia. Often a synonym with the prefix "anti-" already exists (e.g., Polonophobia vs. anti-Polonism). Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as Christianophobia and Islamophobia.

Other prejudices include:

see also

References

  • Chris Aldrich (2002-12-02). The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families, Trafford Publishing.


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