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Main article: Indigenous peoples
See also: List of indigenous rights organizations

This is a partial list of the world's indigenous / aboriginal / native peoples. Indigenous peoples are any ethnic group of peoples who inhabit a geographic region, with which they have the earliest known historical connection.

Note that this is a listing of peoples, groups and communities.

This list is grouped by region, and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either because the group is distributed in more than one region (example: Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some overlap of the regions themselves (that is, the boundaries of each region are not always clear and some locations may commonly be associated with more than one region).

WorldMap

Antarctica
Pacific
Ocean
Pacific
Ocean
Atlantic
Ocean
Indian
Ocean
Southern Ocean
Arctic Ocean
North Asia
SW.
Asia
Australasia
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
Central
America
Northern
America
C.
Africa
E.
Africa
N.
Africa
Southern
Africa
W.
Africa
C.
Europe
E.
Europe
N.
Europe
S.
Europe

Africa

Main article: Indigenous peoples of Africa

The continent of Africa, including associated islands such as Madagascar, but excluding Arabia.

Central Africa

Central Africa generally includes the lands mainly of the Congo River basin, south of the Sahara and west of the Great Rift Valley.

  • Pygmy peoples: Central and Western Africa

East Africa

East Africa generally includes the Horn of Africa region and (parts of) surrounding countries. Template:Colbegin

Template:Colend

North Africa

North Africa generally includes African countries with borders on the Mediterranean and northern Red Sea and Atlantic Ocean, bounded largely by the Sahara Desert to the south.

Main article: Ethnic groups of North Africa

Southern Africa

Southern Africa generally includes lands from the Cape of Good Hope northwards to the borders of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, and islands such as Madagascar.

  • Bushmen: Kalahari Desert, Botswana/Namibia
  • Khoikhoi: South Africa
  • Namaqua: South Africa

West Africa

West Africa generally includes the region bounded by the Sahara Desert to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.

  • Baka: Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, and Central African Republic
  • Balengue: Equatorial Guinea
  • Benga: Equatorial Guinea
  • Bubi people: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
  • Bujeba: Equatorial Guinea
  • Combe or Ndowe: Equatorial Guinea
  • Duala people: Cameroon
  • Beti-Pahuin#Fang: Equatorial Guinea
  • Ogoni people: Nigeria
  • Tuareg: the Sahel
  • Toubou: southern Sahara

Americas

the Americas is the continent (or supercontinent) comprising North and South America, and associated islands.

Main article: Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

The Caribbean

the Caribbean, or West Indies, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean.

  • Taíno: Amerindians who inhabited the Caribbean island of Hispanola and Puerto Rico, of Arawakan descent.
  • Galibi
  • Neo-Taíno nations Some scholars distinguish between the Taíno and Neo-Taíno groups. Neo-Taíno groups were also Amerindians of the Antilles islands, but had distinctive languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Taíno.[2] These groups include;
    • Ciboney: a term preferred in Cuban historical texts for the neo-Taino-Siboney nations of the island of Cuba.
    • Ciguayo. Eastern Hispaniola.
    • Lucaya. Based in Cuba and the Bahamas.
    • Macorix. Hispaniola.
    • Guanahatabey. Far Western Cuba, at the Guanahacabibes Peninsula.
    • Eyeri Often called Carib.

Central America and Mexico

Central America generally includes the part of the North American continent from southern Mexico to and including Panama; this section includes indigenous peoples of Mexico.

  • Achi' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Amuzgo (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Bribri (Costa Rica)
  • Chocho (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Cocopa (Baja California, Mexico)
  • Guarijío (Sonora, Mexico)
  • Garífuna (Belize and Honduras)
  • Kikapú (Coahuila, Mexico)
  • Paipai (Baja California, Mexico)
  • Tepehuán (Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico)
  • Chontal de Oaxaca (Tequistlatecan people of Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Chatino (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Chichimeca Jonaz (San Luis Potosí, Mexico)
  • Chinantec (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Ch'ol (Mayan language of Chiapas Mexico)
  • Chorotega (Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica)
  • Ch'orti' (Mayan people of El Salvador)
  • Chontal Maya (Mayan language of Tabasco, Mexico)
  • Chuj (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Cochimí (Baja California, Mexico)
  • Cora (Jalisco and Nayarit Mexico)
  • Cuicatec(Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Huastec (San Luis Potosí, Mexico)
  • Huave (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Huichol (Jalisco and Nayarit Mexico)
  • Itza (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Ixcatec (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Ixil (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Jakaltek (Mayan people of Guatemala – also called Poptí)
  • Tolupan (Honduras)
  • Kaqchikel (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • K'iche' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Kiliwa (Baja California, Mexico)
  • Kumeyaay (Baja California, Mexico)
  • Kuna (Panama)
  • Lacandón (Chiapas, Mexico)
  • Lenca (Honduras and El Salvador)
  • Maleku (Costa Rica)
  • Mam (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Matlatzinca (Mexico (state), Mexico)
  • Mayo (Sonora, Mexico)
  • Mazahua (Mexico (state), Mexico)
  • Mazatec (Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Mexicanero (Durango, Mexico)
  • Miskito (Honduras and Nicaragua)
  • Mixe (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Mixtec (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Mopan Maya (Mayan people of Guatemala and Belize)
  • Nahua (Mexico)
  • Pame (San Luis Potosí, Mexico)
  • Pech (Honduras)
  • Pima Bajo (Chihuahua, Mexico)
  • Popoloca (Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico)
  • Poqomchi' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Poqomam (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • P'urhépecha (Michoacán, Mexico)
  • Q'anjob'al (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Q'eqchi' (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Rama Nicaragua
  • Seri (Sonora, Mexico)
  • Sumo (Nicaragua)
  • Tarahumara (Chihuahua, Mexico)
  • Tlapanec (Me'phaa) (Guerrero, Mexico)
  • Tojolabal (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Totonac (Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico)
  • Trique (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Tzeltal (Chiapas, Mexico)
  • Tzotzil (Chiapas, Mexico)
  • Tz'utujil (Mayan people of Guatemala)
  • Xinca (Guatemala)
  • Yaqui (Sonora, Mexico)
  • Yucatec Maya (Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Campeche Mexico)
  • Zapotec (Oaxaca, Mexico)
  • Zoque (Oaxaca and Chiapas Mexico)

North America

North America generally includes Greenland, Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the eastern Aleutian Islands; however, Mexican peoples are listed above.

Main article: List of First Nations peoples
  • Aboriginal peoples in Canada
  • Indigenous peoples of California
  • Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands
  • Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
  • Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains
  • Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
  • Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
  • Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands
  • Indigenous peoples of the American southwest
  • Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic
  • North American Arctic: Aleut, Kalaallit/Inuit, Iñupiat, Yup'ik

South America

See also: List of indigenous peoples in Brazil, Indigenous peoples in Colombia, Indigenous peoples in Ecuador, and Indigenous peoples in Peru

South America generally includes all of the (sub-)continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.

Urarina shaman B Dean

Urarina shaman, 1988

Asia

The (sub-)continent of Asia, including related islands, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asian Republics, the Middle East and Arabia.

Central Asia

Central Asia generally includes the landlocked region east of the Caspian Sea, south of the Russian Taiga, to the Himalayas, and extending eastwards to Mongolia and the western Chinese provinces and autonomous regions.

  • Pashtun peoplePashto-speaking people inhabiting Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan[3] (also found in parts of southwest Asia)

East Asia

East Asia generally includes the People's Republic of China, the Korean Peninsula, and the associated Pacific islands, principally Japan and Taiwan.

  • Ainu: Hokkaido, Japan and (until the end of World War II) on Sakhalin Island, Russia
  • Ryukyuans: Ryūkyū Kingdom, now Japan
  • Taiwanese aborigines: the island of Taiwan
    • Amis
    • Atayal
    • Bunun
    • Kavalan
    • Paiwan
    • Puyuma
    • Rukai
    • Saisiyat
    • Sakizaya
    • Seediq
    • Tao
    • Thao
    • Tsou
    • Truku


  • "Indigenous inhabitants": New Territories, Hong Kong

North Asia

North Asia generally includes the Russian Far East and the northern and eastern parts of Siberia.

  • Northern indigenous peoples of Russia: over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in Siberia and Russia
  • Sakha:
  • Tuvans:
  • Altayans: Titular nation of Altai Republic
  • Buryats:
  • Khakas:
  • Tungus:

South Asia

South Asia generally includes the Indian subcontinental region, adjacent areas, and related islands of the Indian Ocean.

  • Adivasi: collective term for many indigenous peoples in India (see also List of Scheduled Tribes in India)
    • Kisan Tribals: indigenous peoples of the Orissa Sundergarh, India :
    • Andamanese: indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, India which include:
      • Great Andamanese: formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
      • Jarawa: South Andaman and Middle Andaman
      • Onge: Little Andaman
      • Jangil (Rutland Jarawa): now extinct, formerly of Rutland Island, Andamans
      • Sentinelese: North Sentinel Island, Andaman Is.
    • Nicobari: Nicobar Islands, India
    • Shompen: Nicobar Islands, India
  • Wanniyala-Aetto: Sri Lanka.
  • Naga: North-East India
  • Kalasha of Chitral: Ancient pre-Muslim ethnic minority in Chitral District, Northern Pakistan
  • Khasi-Jaintia: North-East India
  • Giraavaru people: Maldives

Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia generally includes the mainland region sometimes known as Indochina, and the Malay archipelago.

  • Pribumi (Native Indonesians): of Indonesia
  • Idu mishmi: Of NortheastIndia, Arunachal Pradesh
  • Akha: of Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and Chinese minority
  • Bajau: Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines)
  • Dayak of Borneo
  • Degar: of Vietnam
  • Hmong: of Thailand, Myanmar & Laos
  • Igorot: Cordillera mountains in Luzon in the Philippines
  • Karen: One of the hill tribes of Myanmar and Thailand
  • Lahu: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Yunnan, China
  • Karbi: Of Karbi Anglong, Assam, NortheastIndia
  • Lisu: One of the hill tribes of Myanmar, Thailand, Arunachal Pradesh, India & Yunnan and Sichuan, China
  • Lumad: Mindanao in the Philippines
  • Mangyan: Mindoro in the Philippines
  • Negrito: includes the Semang of the Malay peninsula, the Aeta of Luzon, the Ati of Panay, the Mani of Thailand, and the Andamanese.
  • Orang Asli: in Peninsular Malaysia .They are divided into three main tribal groups – Semang (Negrito), Senoi, and Proto-Malay
  • Tribes of Palawan: Palawan, Philippines
  • Penan: Sarawak, Malaysia
See also: Indigenous peoples of the Philippines

Southwest Asia

File:Ghilzai nomad women of Afghanistan in 1839-42.jpg

Women of the Ghilzai tribe of Pashtun people

Southwest Asia generally includes the region (formerly Persia) westwards of Pakistan, the Arabian peninsula, the Middle East, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the South Caucasus region and Anatolia.

  • Bahrani people — The indigenous Shi'a inhabitants of the archipelago of Bahrain and the oasis of Qatif on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia (see historical region of Bahrain). The term is sometimes also extended to the Shi'a inhabitants of the al-Hasa oasis. They are all Arabic speaking, and some claim descent from Arab tribes.
  • AssyriansAramaic-speaking people mostly found in Assyria Today's North Of Iraq. They're also found in Syria, Turkey, Iran and Armenia.
  • Armenians – A people native to the Armenian Highlands. Most Armenians fled during the Armenian Genocide, the remainder live in the Republic of Armenia.
  • Marsh Dwellers (Ma'dan) – Arabic-speaking group in the Tigris-Euphrates marshlands of southern Iraq / Iranian border[4]
  • Negev Bedouin – Arabic-speaking people in the Negev Desert of southern Israel[5]
  • Palestinians – The predominantly Muslim and Arabic-speaking people inhabiting Israel and the territories nominally controlled by the Palestinian Authority.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
  • Tribal Arabs Arab speaking people who live in a tribal societies and maintaining ancient tribal affilialion, customs and culture. Found in Iraq, Syria, Iran, Jordan, Israel, Sinai (Egypt), Saudi Arabia, Lebanon (Beka'a valley), Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman and Yemen. Also see Bedouin.

Circumpolar North

The Circumpolar North generally includes the lands surrounding the Arctic Circle.

  • Evenks, China, Mongolia, Russia
  • Inuit: Greenland, Northern Canada (Nunavut and Northwest Territories), Alaska
    • Kalaallit, Greenland
  • Koryaks, Russian Far East
  • Chukchi, Siberia, Russia
  • Sami: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Kola peninsula in Russia
  • Yupik: Alaska and the Russian Far East
    • Alutiiq, Alaska
    • Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alaska
    • Cupik, Alaska
    • Siberian Yupik, Siberia, Russia
  • Inupiat: Alaska's Arctic and North Slope boroughs and the Bering Straits
  • Northern Samoyedic peoples
    • Nenets, Russia
    • Enets, western Siberia, Russia
    • Nganasan, Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
  • Ugric peoples, Yugra, Siberia, Russia
    • Khanty, Yugra, Siberia, Russia
    • Mansi, Yugra, Siberia, Russia
  • Yukaghirs, East Siberia, Russia

Europe

Europe generally refers to the mass of the Eurasian peninsula westwards of the Ural Mountains, the islands of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic Ocean.

  • Basques: Northern Spain and Southern France
  • Crimean Karaites: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
  • Crimean Tatars: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
  • Izhorians: Northwest of Russia
  • Komi: Komi Republic in Northeast of European Russia
  • Mordvins: of the western Ural Mountains in Russia
  • Nenets: Northeastern part of European Russia
  • Sami: Northern and central Norway, Sweden, Finland and Kola peninsula in the Northwest of Russia
  • Veps: Republic of Karelia, Northwest of Russia

Oceania

Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea and the continent of Australia.

Australia

Australia includes the continental landmass, and associated islands.

  • Indigenous Australians, Australian Aborigines, Aboriginals: Australia
  • Torres Strait Islanders: Australia
Further information: List of Indigenous Australian group names

Melanesia

Melanesian generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji.

  • Fijian: Fiji
  • Papuans: more than 250 distinct tribes or wu tang clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of West Papua and Papua Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
    • Wopkaimin: western PNG, Star Mountains.

Micronesia

Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific.

  • Chuukese: Island of Chuuk – Federated States of Micronesia
  • Kosraean: Island of Kosrae – Federated States of Micronesia
  • Pohnpeian: Island of Pohnpei – Federated States of Micronesia
  • Yapese: Island of Yap – Federated States of Micronesia
  • Chamorros:Northern Marianas
  • Marshallese:Marshall Islands- Republic of the Marshall Islands

Polynesia

Polynesia generally includes New Zealand and the islands of the central and southern Pacific Ocean

  • Kanaka Maoli: Hawai'i
  • Maohi: Tahiti
  • Māori: New Zealand Aotearoa
  • Moriori: Chatham Islands
  • Cook Islanders: Cook Islands
  • Samoan: Samoa, American Samoa
  • Tongan: Tonga
  • Rapanui: Easter Island

See also

  • Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
  • List of ethnic groups
  • Lists of people by nationality
  • Tribe
  • Nomad
  • Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

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Notes

  1. Kipuri (2007, p.472)
  2. Rouse (1992)
  3. COUNTRY PROFILE: AFGHANISTAN, Library of Congress Country Studies
  4. Sawahla & Dloomy (2007, pp. 425–433)
  5. Bachmann (2007, pp. 420–424)
  6. Dowty (2008, pp. 40, 57-8, 220-1)
  7. Farsoun (2005, pp. 233ff.)
  8. The Local Preparatory Committee of Palestinian NGOs in Israel
  9. Minority Rights Group International (1997, pp. 366ff.)
  10. Mossawa (2006, p. 20)
  11. Forman & Kedar (2003)
  12. Peled (2007, 616)
  13. United Nations (1978)

References

Bachmann, Anna Sophia (2007). "The Marsh Dwellers of Iraq" Sille Stidsen (compilation and ed.) The Indigenous World 2007 (PDF online edition), 420–424, Copenhagen: IWGIA, distributed by Transaction Publishers.
Dowty, Alan (2008). Israel/Palestine, London, UK: Polity. "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture."
Farsoun, Samih K. (2005), "Palestinian Diasporas", in Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian, Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World, 2, New York, NY: Springer, ISBN 978-03-06483-21-9, OCLC 315151735, "The Palestinians are the indigenous people of Palestine." 
Forman, Geremy; Kedar, Alexandre (2003), "Colonialism, Colonization and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: The Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective", Theoretical Inquiries in Law 4 (2): 491–539, http://www.bepress.com/til/default/vol4/iss2/art11 
Kipuri, Naomi (2007). "Kenya" Sille Stidsen (compilation and ed.) The Indigenous World 2007 (PDF online edition), Marianne Wiben Jensen (Horn of Africa and East Africa regional ed.), 468–476, Copenhagen: IWGIA, distributed by Transaction Publishers.
The Local Preparatory Committee of Palestinian NGOs in Israel (Undated), Statement submitted to: World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Haifa, Israel: Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, http://www.adalah.org/eng/intladvocacy/, retrieved on 6 April 2011, "Palestinians are also an indigenous group entitled to the recognition of their historical claims and the receipt of compensation, as outlined in the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples." 
Minority Rights Group International (1997), World Directory of Minorities, London, UK: Minority Rights Group International, ISBN 978-18-73194-36-2 
Mossawa Center – The Advocacy Center for Arab Citizens of Israel (June 2006), The Palestinian Arab Citizens of Israel: Status, Opportunities and Challenges for an Israeli-Palestinian Peace, Haifa, Israel: Mossawa Center – The Advocacy Center for Arab Citizens of Israel, http://www.mossawacenter.org/files/files/File/The%20Palestinian%20Arab%20Citizens%20of%20Israel_Status...2006.pdf, retrieved on 6 April 2011, "Consisting of those who remained and were internally displaced during the creation of the state and their descendents, Palestinian Arab citizens are an indigenous population to Israel." 
Peled, Yoav (2007), "Citizenship Betrayed: Israel's Emerging Immigration and Citizenship Regime", Theoretical Inquiries in Law 8 (2): 603–628, http://www.bepress.com/til/default/vol8/iss2/art10, "Israel is the effective sovereign in the entire area of Mandatory Palestine, and it has incorporated the indigenous Palestinian population of this area into its control system in two different ways: some as second-class citizens of Israel, but most as subjects devoid of rights living under military rule." 
Rouse, Irving (1992). The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who greeted Columbus, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Sawalha, Faisal; and Ariel Dloomy (2007). "The Arab Bedouins of Israel" Sille Stidsen (compilation and ed.) The Indigenous World 2007 (PDF online edition), 425–433, Copenhagen: IWGIA, distributed by Transaction Publishers.
United Nations (30 June 1978), The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem: 1917–1988, Part I, New York: United Nations, http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/AEAC80E740C782E4852561150071FDB0, retrieved on 5 April 2011 


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