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Template:Main:African cultural groups
Ethnic groups in Africa number in the hundreds, each generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture.
Many ethnic groups and nations of Sub-Saharan Africa qualify, although some groups are of a size larger than a tribal society. These mostly originate with the Sahelian kingdoms of the medieval period, such as that of the Igbo of Nigeria, deriving from the Kingdom of Nri (11th century).[1]
Overview
- For more details on this topic, see Demographics of Africa.
The following ethnic groups number 10 million people or more:
- Arab, up to ca. 100 million, see Demographics of the Arab League
- Berber ca. 65 million
- Hausa in Nigeria, Niger, Ghana, Chad, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire and Sudan (ca. 30 million)
- Yoruba in Nigeria and Benin (ca. 30 million)
- Oromo in Ethiopia and Kenya (ca. 30 million)
- Igbo in Nigeria and Cameroon (ca. 30 million)[2]
- Fula in Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Mali, Sierra Leone Central African Republic, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Chad, Sudan, Togo and Côte d'Ivoire (ca. 27 million)
- Akan in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire (ca. 20 million)
- Amhara in Ethiopia (ca. 20 million)
- Somali in Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya (ca. 15-17 million)
- Hutu in Rwanda, Burundi, DR Congo (ca. 16 million)
- Ijaw in Nigeria (ca. 14 million)
- Mandinka in The Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Mauritania, Chad (ca. 13 million)
- Kongo in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Republic of the Congo (ca. 10 million)
- Shona in Zimbabwe and Mozambique (ca. 10 million)
- Zulu in South Africa (ca. 10 million)
The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa has, in some instances, been controversial because certain groups believe populations are fixed to give other ethnicities numerical superiority, such as in the case of Nigeria and the Igbo people.[3][4][5] The same is true in Senegal as well as The Gambia. The Wolof people, Toucouleur people and Lebou people all trace their descend to Serer people and are therefore not an independent ethnic group particularly the Wolof. Yet the Wolof are seen as the largest ethnic group in Senegal and third largest in The Gambia. Other ethnic groups who have assimilated with the Wolof are counted as Wolof when in fact, they are not. Certain organisations are pushing this generally referred to as Wolofization.[6][7][8][9]
List
Central Africa
Name | Phylum | Language | Region | Country | Population (million) | Notes |
Aka | Nilo-Saharan, Pygmy | Aka | Central/Northern | Western Central African Republic, Northwest Congo | The Aka are one of three groups of pygmies, collectively called BaMbuti, of the Ituri Rainforest | |
Baka | Pygmy | Baka | Central/Northern | Western Equatoria in South Sudan | 0.25 | There is also another ethnic group called Baka living across West Africa. |
Chewa | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Chichewa | Central/Southern | Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe | 9 | |
Chokwe | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Chokwe | Central | Angola, Congo (Kinshasa), Zambia | 1.1 | |
Efé | Nilo-Saharan, Pygmy | Efe | Central/Northern | Ituri Rainforest of Congo | The Efe are one of three groups of pygmies, collectively called BaMbuti, of the Ituri Rainforest | |
Kongo | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Kongo | Central | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Republic of the Congo | 10 | |
Lingala | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Lingala | Central | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola, Central African Republic | ||
Luba | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga | Central | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2 | |
Mbundu | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Kimbundu | Central | Angola | 2.4 | |
Zande | Niger–Congo, Ubangian | Zande | Central/Northern | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Central African Republic | 1-4 | |
Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Umbundu | Central | Angola | 4.6 | |
Sua | Nilo-Saharan, Pygmy | Sua | Central/Northern | Ituri Rainforest of Congo | The Sua are one of three groups of pygmies, collectively called BaMbuti, of the Ituri Rainforest |
East Africa
Name | Phylum | Language | Region | Country | Population (million) | Notes |
Alur | Nilotic, Luo | Alur | East/Central | Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||
Ganda | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Ganda | East, Great Lakes | Uganda | 3 | |
Hutu | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Rwanda-Rundi | East, Great Lakes | Rwanda, Burundi, DR Congo | 16 | |
Kamba | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Kamba | East | Kenya | ||
Kalenjin | Highland Nilotes | Kalenjin | East | Kenya | 3 | |
Kikuyu | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Gikuyu | East | Kenya | 5.3 | |
Kwama | Nilo-Saharan | Kwama | East/Northern | Ethiopia, Sudan | ||
Luo | River-Lake Nilotes | Luo | East | Kenya | ||
Luhya | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Luhya | East | Kenya | 5.4 | |
Maasai | Plains Nilotes | Maasai | East | Kenya, Tanzania | 0.9 | |
Makonde | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Makonde | East/Southern | Tanzania, Mozambique | 1.3 | |
Ameru | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Meru | East | Kenya | ||
Tutsi | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Rwanda-Rundi | East Africa, Great Lakes | Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, | 3 | |
Great Lakes Twa (Batwa) | Pygmy | Rundi, Kiga | Great Lakes | Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Eastern Congo | 0.8 |
Horn of Africa
Name | Phylum | Language | Region | Country | Population (million) | Notes |
Afar | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Af Afar | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea | 1.5 | |
Agaw | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Agaw | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia, Eritrea | 1 | |
Amhara | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | Amharic | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia | 20 | |
Beja | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Beja | Horn of Africa | Sudan, Eritrea | 2 | |
Gurage | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | Gurage | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia | 1.9 | |
Oromo | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Afan Oromo | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya | 30 | |
Saho | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Saho | Horn of Africa | Eritrea, Ethiopia | 0.2 | |
Sidama | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Af Sidama | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia | 3 | |
Somali | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic | Somali | Horn of Africa | Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya | 20 | |
Tigray | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | Tigrinya | Horn of Africa | Ethiopia, Eritrea | 6.7 | |
Tigre | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | Tigre | Horn of Africa | Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia | 1.5 |
North Africa
Name | Phylum | Language | Region | Country | Population (million) | Notes |
Egyptians, Arabs | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic | Egyptian Arabic (Masri) | North Africa | Egypt | 83 | |
Berbers, Arabs | Afro-Asiatic, Berber | Berber, Arabic languages | Maghreb | Morocco, Algeria , Libya | 75 | |
Dinka | Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic | Dinka language | central/northeastern | South Sudan | 5 | |
Nubians | Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic | Nobiin | Northeast Africa | Sudan, Egypt | 0.5 | |
Nuer | Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic | Nuer language | eastern | South Sudan | 5 |
Southern Africa
Name | Phylum | Language | Region | Country | Population (million) | Notes | |||||||
Afrikaner | Indo-European | Afrikaans | South | South Africa, Namibia | 3.0 | descendants of early northwestern European settlers | |||||||
San (Bushmen) | Khoisan | Khoisan | South | South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, Angola | 0.09 | ||||||||
Ambo (Ovambo, Owambo) | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Ovambo | South | Namibia | 0.9 | ||||||||
Bemba | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Bemba language | South | Zambia | 0.2 | ||||||||
Herero | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Herero | South | Namibia, Botswana, Angola | 0.2 | Wayeyi]] | Niger-Congo, Bantu | [[Shiyeyi language| | South | Namibia, Botswana, Angola | 0.3 | ||
Himba | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Otjihimbo (Herero dialect) | South | Namibia | 0.05 | ||||||||
Khoikhoi | Khoisan | Khoekhoegowab | South | - | |||||||||
Makua | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Makua | South/East | Mozambique, Tanzania | 1.1 | ||||||||
North Ndebele | Bantu, Nguni | Sindebele | South | Zimbabwe | 1.5 | ||||||||
South Ndebele | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Southern Ndebele | South | South Africa | .7 | ||||||||
Shona | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Shona | South/East | Mozambique, Zimbabwe | 10.6 | ||||||||
Swazi | Bantu, Nguni | Swazi | South | Swaziland, South Africa, Mozambique | 3.5 | ||||||||
Venda | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Venda | South | South Africa, Zimbabwe | 1 | ||||||||
Xhosa | Bantu, Nguni | Xhosa | South | South Africa | 7.9 | ||||||||
Zulu | Bantu, Nguni | Zulu | South | South Africa | 10.6 |
West Africa
Name | Phylum | Language | Region | Country | Population (million) | Notes |
Akan | Niger–Congo, Kwa | Akan | West | Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire | 20+ | a group of eight related sub-ethnicities |
Aku | (Creole) | Aku | West | Gambia | 0.01 | |
Ashanti | Niger–Congo, Kwa | Twi (Akan dialect) | West | Ghana | 5 | |
Baka | Ubangi | Baka | West/Central | Southeastern Cameroon, Northern Congo, Northern Gabon | 0.3-0.4 | The Baka are also known as Bebayaka, Bebayaga, or Bibaya, or (along with the other Mbenga peoples) the derogatory Babinga. |
Bambara | Niger–Congo, Mande | Bambara | West | Mali | 3 | |
Basaa | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Basaa | West | Cameroon | 0.2 | |
Bassa | Niger–Congo, Kru | Bassa | West | Liberia | 0.3 | |
Edo (also called Bini or Benin) | Niger–Congo, Edo | Edo | West | Nigeria | ||
Efik | Niger–Congo, Cross River | Ibibio-Efik | West | Nigeria, Cameroon, Southern Cameroons | ||
Eket | Niger–Congo, Cross River | Eket (Ibibio dialect) | West Africa | Nigeria, Cameroon, Southern Cameroons | ||
Ewe | Niger–Congo, Gbe | Ewe | West | Ghana, Togo, Benin | 6 | |
Beti-Pahuin | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Ewondo, Fang, Bulu | West | Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe | 3.3 | group of 20 sub-ethnicities |
Fante | Niger–Congo, Kwa | Fante (Akan dialect) | West | Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire | 3 | |
Fulani | Niger–Congo, Senegambian | Fula | West | Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Mali, Sierra Leone Central African Republic, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Chad, Mauritania, Sudan, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire | 27 | |
Ga | Niger–Congo, Kwa | Ga, Ga-Adangme | West | Ghana, Togo | 2 | |
Gwari | West | Nigeria | ||||
Hausa | Afro-Asiatic, Chadic | Hausa | West/Northern | Nigeria, Niger, Ghana, Chad, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Sudan | 30-35 | |
Igbo (Ibo) | Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger | Igbo | West | Nigeria, Cameroon, Southern Cameroons | 30[2] | Includes various subgroups. |
Esan | Niger–Congo, Kwa | Esan | West | Nigeria | ||
Ijaw | Niger–Congo, Ijoid | Ijaw | West | Nigeria | 14 [10] | Sub-groups include Andoni, Ibani, Kalabari, Nembe, Ogbia and Okrika. |
Jola | Niger–Congo, Senegambian | Jola, Kriol | West | Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau | .5 | |
Mandinka | Niger–Congo, Mande | Mandingo | West/Central | The Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Mauritania, Chad | 13 | |
Marka | Niger–Congo, Mande | Marka | West/Northern | Mali | ||
Meta also Metta | Widikum, Bantu, Semi-Bantu, Bantoid | Meta | West, Central | Cameroon, Southern Cameroons | ||
Mende | Niger–Congo, Mande | Mende | West | Sierra-Leone | 2 | |
Serer | Niger–Congo, Senegambian | Serer | West | Found mostly in Senegal and The Gambia. Small number Mauritania. Also found in the West. | over 1.8[11][12][13] | The Serer people include: Serer-Sine, Serer-Safene, Serer-Ndut, Serer-Palor, Serer-Niominka, Serer-Laalaa, Serer-Noon. Serer-Sine is the proper and standard language of the Serer people. The others are dialects of the Serer-Sine language and known as Cangin languages |
Songhai | Nilo-Saharan | Songhai | West | Mali | 1.5 | |
Tiv | Niger–Congo, Bantu | Tiv | West | Nigeria, Cameroon | 2 | |
Urhobo | Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger | Urhobo | West | Nigeria | 1-1.5 | |
Wolof | Niger–Congo, Senegambian | Wolof | West | Senegal, The Gambia, Mauritania | 4 | |
Yoruba | Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger | Yoruba | West | Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Togo | 30+ |
See also
| Ethnic groups in Africa
]]| Maps of ethnic groups in Africa
]]- Demographics of Africa
- African people
- Indigenous peoples of Africa
- Ethnic groups of North Africa
- Bantu peoples
- Languages of Africa
References
- ↑ Achebe, Chinua (2000). Home and Exile, Oxford University Press US. "...Igbo people would score very poorly indeed on the Oxford dictionary test for tribe... Now, to call them a nation... This may not be perfect for the Igbo, but it is close."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sources vary widely about the population. Mushanga, p. 166, says "over 20 million"; Nzewi (quoted in Agawu), p. 31, says "about 15 million"; Okafor, p. 86, says "about twenty-five million"; Okpala, p. 21, says "around 30 million"; and Smith, p. 508, says "approximately 20 million".
- ↑ includeonly>Onuah, Felix. "Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details", Reuters, 29 December 2006. Retrieved on 2008-11-23.
- ↑ Lewis, Peter (2007). Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria, University of Michigan Press. URL accessed 2008-11-23.
- ↑ Suberu, Rotimi T. (2001). Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria, US Institute of Peace Press. URL accessed 2008-12-18.
- ↑ Ebou Momar Taal. "Senegambian Ethnic Groups: Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability". 2010
- ↑ Cheikh Anta Diop. Nations nègres et culture: de l'antiquité nègre égyptienne aux problèmes culturels de l'Afrique noire d'aujourd'hui. 1954
- ↑ Makhtar Diouf. Sénégal, les ethnies et la nation. Nouvelles Éditions Africaines du Sénégal. Dakar. (1998).
- ↑ African Census Analysis Project (ACAP). University of Pennsylvania. Ethnic Diversity and Assimilation in Senegal: Evidence from the 1988 Census by Pierre Ngom, Aliou Gaye and Ibrahima Sarr. 2000
- ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publcations/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html
- ↑ Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie. In Senegal alone, estimated figure for 2007 is 1,840,712.1
- ↑ Gambia keep poor records of its ethnic minorities. Estimated Gambian figure is 31,900 (2006) Ethnologue.com
- ↑ Mauritania (2006 estimate) 3500. Joshua Project
Template:Africa topic
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