Glutamate decarboxylase
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| Glutamate decarboxylase | |
|---|---|
| Symbol(s): | GAD1 GAD2 |
| Locus: | [[Chromosome__(human)|]] |
| EC number | 4.1.1.15 |
| EntrezGene | 24379 |
| OMIM | 605363 |
| RefSeq | [1] |
| UniProt | Q99259 |
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA. GAD uses PLP as a cofactor.
In mammals, GAD exists in two isoforms encoded by two different genes - Gad1 and Gad2. These isoforms are GAD67 and GAD65 with molecular weights of 67 and 65 kDa, respectively.[1] GAD1 and GAD2 are expressed in the brain where GABA is used as a neurotransmitter, GAD2 is also expressed in the pancreas.
Contents |
[edit] Role in pathology
[edit] Diabetes
Both GAD67 and GAD65 are targets of autoantibodies in people who later develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [2] FT, FT.
[edit] Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder
Substantial dysregulation of GAD mRNA expression is observed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[3]
- Main article: Schizophrenia and glutamate decarboxylase
- Main article: Bipolar disorder and glutamate decarboxylase
[edit] References
- ↑ Erlander MG, Tillakaratne NJK, Feldblum S, Patel N, Tobin AJ (1991) Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases. Neuron 7:91-100. PMID 2069816
- ↑ Baekkeskov S, Aanstoot HJ, Christgau S, Reetz A, Solimena M, Cascalho M, Folli F, Richter-Olesen H, De Camilli P. (1990) Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature. 347(6289):151-6. PMID 1697648
- ↑ Woo TU, Walsh JP, Benes FM. (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry. 61(7):649-57. Density of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA-containing neurons that express the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PMID 15237077
- ru:Глутаматдекарбоксилаза
| This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Glutamate decarboxylase. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
