Interleukins

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Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins/signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes), The term interleukine, (inter-) as a means of communication, (-leukin) deriving from the fact that many of these proteins are produced by leukocytes and act on leukocytes. The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of body cells. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T, B, and hematopoietic cells.

Contents 1 List 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

[edit] List

A list of interleukins:

Name	Source [1]	Target receptors[1][2]	Target cells[1]	Function[1]
IL-1	macrophages, B cells, monocytes [3], dendritic cells [3]	CD121a/IL1R1, CD121b/IL1R2	T helper cells	co-stimulation [3]
			B cells	maturation & proliferation [3]
			Nk cells	activation[3]
			macrophages, endothelium, other	inflammation[3], small amounts induce acute phase reaction, large amounts induce fever
IL-2	TH1-cells	CD25/IL2RA, CD122/IL2RB, CD132/IL2RG	activated[3] T cells and B cells, NK cells, macrophages, oligodendrocytes	stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients.
IL-3	activated T helper cells[3], mast cells, NK cells, endothelium, eosinophils	CD123/IL3RA, CD131/IL3RB	hematopoietic stem cells	differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells [3] to e.g. erythrocytes, granulocytes
			mast cells	growth and histamine release[3]
IL-4	TH2-cells, just activated naive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells, mast cells, macrophages	CD124/IL4R, CD132/IL2RG	activated B cells	proliferation and differentiation, IgG1 and IgE synthesis[3]. Important role in allergic response (IgE)
			T cells	proliferation[3]
			endothelium
IL-5	TH2-cells, mast cells, eosinophils	CD125/IL5RA, CD131/IL3RB	eosinophils	production
			B cells	differentiation, IgA production
IL-6	macrophages, TH2-cells, B cells, astrocytes, endothelium	CD126/IL6RA, CD130/IR6RB	activated B cells	differentiation into plasma cells
			plasma cells	antibody secretion
			hematopoietic stem cells	differentiation
			T cells, others	induces acute phase reaction, hematopoiesis, differentiation, inflammation
IL-7	bone marrow stromal cells and thymus stromal cells	CD127/IL7RA, CD132/IL2RG	pre/pro-B cell, pre/pro-T cell, NK cells	differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells, involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis, ↑proinflammatory cytokines
IL-8	macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells	CXCR1/IL8RA, CXCR2/IL8RB/CD128	neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes	Neutrophil chemotaxis
IL-9	Th2-cells, specifically by CD4+ helper cells	CD129/IL9R	T cells, B cells	Potentiates IgM, IgG, IgE, stimulates mast cells
IL-10	monocytes, TH2-cells, CD8+ T cells, mast cells, macrophages, B cell subset	CD210/IL10RA, CDW210B/IL10RB	macrophages	cytokine production[3]
			B cells	activation [3]
			mast cells
			Th1 cells	inhibits Th1 cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-β, IL-2)
			Th2 cells	Stimulation
IL-11	bone marrow stroma	IL11RA	bone marrow stroma	acute phase protein production, osteoclast formation
IL-12	dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, macrophages	CD212/IL12RB1, IR12RB2	activated [3] T cells,	differentiation into Cytotoxic T cells with IL-2[3], ↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α, ↓ IL-10
			NK cells	↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α
IL-13	activated TH2-cells, mast cells, NK cells	IL13R	TH2-cells, B cells, macrophages	Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells (IgE), inhibits TH1-cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6), ↓ IL-8, IL-10, IL-12
IL-14	T cells and certain malignant B cells		activated B cells	controls the growth and proliferation of B cells, inhibits Ig secretion
IL-15	mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells), especially macrophages following infection by virus(es)	IL15RA	T cells, activated B cells	Induces production of Natural Killer Cells
IL-16	lymphocytes, epithelial cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells	CD4	CD4+ T cells	CD4+ chemoattractant
IL-17	subsets of T cells	CDw217/IL17RA, IL17RB	epithelium, endothelium, other	osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis, ↑ inflammatory cytokines
IL-18	macrophages	CDw218a/IL18R1	Th1 cells, NK cells	Induces production of IFNγ, ↑ NK cell activity
IL-19	-	IL20R		-
IL-20	-	IL20R		regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes
IL-21	activated T helper cells, NKT cells	IL21R	All lymphocytes, dendritic cells	costimulates activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, augment NK cytotoxicity, augments CD40-driven B cell proliferation, differentiation and isotype switching, promotes differentiation of Th17 cells
IL-22	-	IL22R		Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines
IL-23	-	IL23R		Increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration
IL-24	-	IL20R		Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis by influencing cell survival.
IL-25	-	LY6E		Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate eosinophil expansion
IL-26	-	IL20R1		Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells
IL-27	-	IL27RA		Regulates the activity of B lymphocyte and T lymphocytes
IL-28	-	IL28R		Plays a role in immune defense against viruses
IL-29	-			Plays a role in host defenses against microbes
IL-30	-			Forms one chain of IL-27
IL-31	-	IL31RA		May play a role in inflammation of the skin
IL-32	-			Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2
IL-33	-			Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokine
IL-35	regulatory T cells			Suppression of T helper cell activation

[edit] See also

• Antigens
• Biological markers
• Cell signaling
• Immunoreactivity
• Psychoneuroimmunology

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• HGNC Gene Family Nomenclature: Interleukin and Interleukin Receptor Gene Symbols
• Interleukin Antibody Review

v·d·e Cell signaling: cytokines
Autocrine motility factor - Chemokine - Hematopoietic (Stem cell factor, Colony-stimulating factor) - Hepatocyte growth factor - Interferon - Interleukin - Leukemia inhibitory factor - Lymphokine (Lymphotoxin, Transfer factor) - Monokine - Oncostatin M - Osteopontin - TGF beta - Tumor necrosis factor

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Interleukin. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.