Inositol triphosphate

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style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Inositol triphosphate
File:IP3.png
Identifiers
Properties
Hazards
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP₃ or IP₃), together with diacylglycerol, is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C.

Its main functions are to mobilize Ca²⁺ from storage organelles and to regulate cell proliferation and other cellular reactions. For example, in the fruit fly Drosophila, InsP₃ is used for intracellular transduction of light recognition in eye cells.

In smooth muscle cells, IP₃ binds to and activates the InsP₃ receptor on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) opens a calcium channel, resulting in the release of Ca²⁺ into the sarcoplasm^[1]. This increase in Ca²⁺ activates the ryanodine receptor-operated channel on the SR, leading to a further increase in the Ca²⁺ concentration in the muscle cell, resulting in the contraction of the muscle cell^[2].

Inositol tetra-, penta-, and hexa-phosphates have been implicated in gene expression by Shen^[3] and Steger^[4] (both in Science Magazine).

[edit] See also

• inositol
• inositol phosphate
• myo-inositol.
• inositol pentakisphosphate
• inositol hexaphosphate
• inositol triphosphate receptor

[edit] External links

• MeSH Inositol+1,4,5-Trisphosphate

[edit] References

1. ↑ Ferris CD, Snyder SH. IP3 receptors. Ligand-activated calcium channels in multiple forms. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1992;26:95-107. PMID 1329896
2. ↑ Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. Signal transduction and regulation in smooth muscle. Nature. 1994 Nov 17;372(6503):231-6. PMID 7969467
3. ↑ Shen X, et al. Modulation of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes by inositol polyphosphates. Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):112-4. PMID 12434013
4. ↑ Steger DJ, et al. Regulation of chromatin remodeling by inositol polyphosphates. Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):114-6. PMID 12434012

v·d·e Cell signaling: lipid signaling
Phospholipase - PIP2 - DAG - IP3 - IP3 receptor

v·d·e Cell signaling: calcium signaling
Second messengers	IP3 - NAADP - cADPR
Intracellular calcium store gates	IP3 receptor - Ryanodine receptor - putative NAADP receptor
Calcium pumps and exchangers	SERCA - Na/Ca antiport - Ca/H antiport
calcium binding protein domains	EF hand domain - C2 domain
Calcium based molecular switches, and kinases	Troponin C - CaM - CaM kinases - PKC - NCS
Intracellular calcium chelators (calcium buffers) and calcium sensors	Calbindin - S100 - pervalbumin - Calretinin - Calsequestrin - Sarcalumenin - Phospholamban - Synaptotagmins
Calcium dependent proteases	Calpain
Calcium dependent cytoskeleton remodeling proteins	Gelsolin
Cell membrane calcium channels	VDCC - TRP - NMDA receptor - AMPA receptor - 5-HT3 receptor - P2X Receptor
Calcium regulated chaperones	calreticulin - calnexin
Calcium based adhesion molecules	Cadherin
Calcium homeostasis	Parathyroid hormone - Calcitonin - calcium receptor - vitamin D

Catebory:Muscle

de:Inositoltrisphosphat

lt:IP3

pl:Trifosforan inozytolu

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Inositol triphosphate. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.