Immune tolerance
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Immune or immunological tolerance is the process by which the immune system does not attack an antigen. It occurs in two forms: innate tolerance and acquired tolerance.
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[edit] Innate tolerance (also known as oral tolerance)
Innate tolerance is the body's tolerance for its own antigens and proteins, such as food taken into the body by mouth. When natural tolerance fails, or when the body does not properly recognize itself, an autoimmune disorder results.
[edit] Acquired tolerance
Acquired or induced tolerance is the immune system's tolerance for external antigens. It is created through some form of manipulation, such as medication. One of the most important natural kinds of acquired tolerance occurs during pregnancy where the fetus must be tolerated by the maternal immune system. One model for the induction of tolerance during the very early stages of pregnancy is the eutherian fetoembryonic defense system (eu-FEDS) hypothesis[1]. . However, another model suggests that the induction of tolerance primarily requires the participation of regulatory T cells[2]. In clinical practice, acquired immunity is important in organ transplantation, when the body must be forced to accept an organ from another individual. The failure of the body to accept an organ is known as transplant rejection. To prevent rejection, a variety of medicines are used to produce induced tolerance.
[edit] Psychological factors in immune tolerance
[edit] References
- ↑ Clark, Clark G.F., Dell A., Morris H.R., Patankar M.S., and Easton R.L. (2001) The species recognition system: a new corollary to the human fetoembryonic defense system hypothesis. Cells Tissues Organs 168, 113-21 PMID 11114593
- ↑ Trowsdale J, and Betz AG. 2006. Mother's little helpers: mechanisms of maternal-fetal tolerance. Nature Reviews Immunology 7:241-6 PMID 16482172
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
Immune system / Immunology / Psychoneuroimmunology
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|---|---|
| Systems | Adaptive immune system vs. Innate immune system • Humoral immune system vs. Cellular immune system • Complement system (Anaphylatoxins) |
| Antibodies and antigens | Antibody (Monoclonal antibodies, Polyclonal antibodies, Autoantibody) • Allotype • Isotype • Idiotype • Antigen (Superantigen) |
| Immune cells | White blood cells (T cell, B cell, NK cell, Mast cell, Basophil, Eosinophil) • Phagocyte (Neutrophil, Macrophage, Dendritic cell) • Antigen-presenting cell • Reticuloendothelial system |
| Immunity vs. tolerance | Immunity • Autoimmunity • Allergy • Tolerance (Central) • Immunodeficiency |
| Immunogenetics | Somatic hypermutation • V(D)J recombination • Immunoglobulin class switching • MHC / HLA |
| Other | Cytokines • Inflammation • Opsonin |
| This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Immune tolerance. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
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