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| − | An '''ideal''' is a [[principle]] or [[Value (personal and cultural)|value]] that one actively pursues as a [[Objective (goal)|goal]]. Ideals are particularly important in [[ethics]], as the order in which one places them tends to determine the degree to which one reveals them as real and sincere. It is the application, in ethics, of a [[universal (metaphysics)|universal]]. It is roughly similar to the [[Relative value (philosophy)|relative]] [[Intrinsic value (ethics)|intrinsic value]]s. |
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| − | Someone who claims to have an ideal of [[honesty]] but is willing to [[lie]] to protect a friend is demonstrating that not only does he hold [[friendship]] as an ideal, but, that it is a more important one than honesty. Thus ideals can be seen to be similar to [[values]]. |
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| − | However, the [[-ism]] of ideals is slightly contrasted with [[idealism]] (which is the doctrine that ideas, or thought, make up either the whole or an indispensable aspect of any full reality, so that a world of material objects containing no thought either could not exist as it is experienced, or would not be fully "real.") |
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| − | ==In applied ethics== |
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| − | In some theories of [[applied ethics]], such as that of [[Rushworth Kidder]], there is importance given to such orders as a way to [[dispute resolution|resolve disputes]]. In [[law]], for instance, judge is often called on to resolve the balance between the ideal of [[truth]], which would advise hearing out all evidence, and the ideal of fairness. |
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| − | ==In politics== |
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| − | In [[politics]] ideals play a pivotal role. During the [[French Revolution]], the principles of "[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood]]" were raised to the status of ideals. The [[Ten Key Values of the Green Party]] are likewise raised to such status today. In fact, most political movements have a certain set of ideals. However, in many cases, one can easily find instances where ideals were "not lived up to" - some of which are cases where one simply proved to outweigh another for some specific decision, or where all were compromised simply to retain the [[power (sociology)|power]] to continue to pursue them. |
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| − | ==Idols and heroes== |
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| − | A different form of ideal is an [[idolatry|idol]] or [[hero]], who is held up as a [[moral example]]. Since this is an actual person or fictional character, it is too complex and multi-faceted to be considered an ideal in the abstract sense. However, when they are encountered in the form of a story, with only a few traits on display, they are a simplified [[archetype]] from which one can very easily derive [[stereotype]]s or mimicry. In [[Islam]], for instance, the life of [[Muhammad]] is held up as "ideal", but must be interpreted for believers through the tale of his life, or [[Sirah Rasul Allah|sira]], and his many sayings, the [[hadith]]. |
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| − | ==Ideal and virtue== |
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| − | Given the complexity of putting ideals into practice, and resolving conflicts between them, it is not uncommon to see them reduced to [[dogma]]. One way to avoid this, according to [[Bernard Crick]], is to have ideals that themselves are descriptive of a process, rather than an outcome. His [[political virtues]] try to raise the practical habits useful in resolving disputes into ideals of their own. A [[virtue]], in general, is an ideal that one can make a [[habituation|habit]]. |
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| − | ==Relative ideal== |
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| − | In formal axiology, [[Robert S. Hartman]] contended that being ideal means that something is the best member of the set of all things of that class. For example, the ideal student is the best member of the set of all students in exactly the same way that the ideal circle is the best circle that can be imagined of the class of all circles. Since we can define the properties that the ideal member of a class should have, the value of any actual object can be empirically determined by comparing it to the ideal. The closer an object's actual properties match up to the properties of the ideal, the better the object is. For example, a bumpy circle drawn in the sand is not as "good" as a very smooth one drawn with a compass. In the world in general, each particular object ought to become more like its ideal. In [[ethics]], by analogy, each person should attempt to become more of an ideal person, and a person's morality can actually be measured by examining how close they live up to their ideal self. |
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| − | ==See also== |
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| − | * [[Idealism]] |
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| − | ==Sources== |
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| − | * {{cite book|last=Rescher|first=Nicholas|title=Ethical Idealism: An Inquiry into the Nature and Function of Ideals|year=1987|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|isbn=0520078888}} |
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Ideal (Ethics)}} |
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| − | [[Category:Core issues in ethics]] |
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| − | [[Category:Goals]] |
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| − | [[Category:Idealism]] |
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| − | [[Category:Morality]] |
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| − | [[Category:Philosophy of life]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:48, 30 August 2013
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