From Psychology Wiki

Community portal · Tasks to do · News · Help

Clinical · Educational · Ind&Org · Other fields · Professional · Transpersonal · World

Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Personality | Philosophy | Research Methods | Social | Statistics

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology

---

Template:Chembox IUPACNameTemplate:Chembox OtherNamesTemplate:Chembox CASNoTemplate:Chembox FormulaTemplate:Chembox MolarMassTemplate:Chembox MeltingPtTemplate:Chembox Solubility

style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Ibotenic acid
Image:Ibotenic acid.png
Identifiers
SMILES	N[C@H](C(O)=O)c1onc(O)c1
Properties
Hazards
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Ibotenic acid is a chemical compound that is naturally occurring in the mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina, among others. Ibotenic acid is a powerful neurotoxin that is used as a "brain-lesioning agent" and has shown to be highly neurotoxic when "injected directly into the brains of mice and rats."^[1]

Contents 1 Psychopharmacology 2 Medical uses 3 Role in shamanic rituals 4 See also 5 References

[edit] Psychopharmacology

When ibotenic acid is ingested, a small portion is decarboxylated into muscimol. Ibotenic acid evokes entheogenic effects in human beings at doses in range of 50-100mg.^[2] Peak intoxication is reached approximately 2-3 hours after oral ingestion,^[3] consisting of one or all of the following; visual distortions/hallucinations, loss of equilibrium, muscle twitching (commonly mislabeled as convulsions), and altered sensory perception. These effects generally last for 6-8 hours, varying with dose.^[4]

[edit] Medical uses

Ibotenic acid is used as a brain lesioning agent in the medical environment. When injected intracranially, ibotenic acid causes the development of lesions of the brain.^[5]

[edit] Role in shamanic rituals

The ibotenic acid (coupled with other substances such as muscimol found in Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina) is a common factor in shamanic rituals, used as a sacrament, of sorts. Muscimol is excreted unchanged in the urine in relatively large amounts, and there are stories of shamans "reusing" urine for intoxication purposes, or the rest of the tribe making use of the shaman's urine.^[6]

[edit] See also

• Insecticides
• Muscimol
• Muscazone
• Neurotoxins

[edit] References

1. ↑ Erowid -- Amanitas
2. ↑ Chilton 1975; Theobald et al. 1968
3. ↑ Chilton 1975
4. ↑ Chilton 1975; Ott 1976a
5. ↑ Erowid Psychoactive Amanitas Vault : Pharmacology of Amanita Muscaria
6. ↑ Erowid Psychoactive Amanitas Vault : Traditional Uses

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Ibotenic acid. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.