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Human enhancement describes any attempt (whether temporary or permanent) to overcome the current limitations of human cognitive and physical capacities, whether through natural or artificial means.

Contents 1 Overview 2 Human enhancement technologies 3 Criticism 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

OverviewEdit

While in some circles, such as the writings of bioethicist Nicholas Agar, the expression "human enhancement" is roughly synonymous with human genetic engineering, it also is used to refer to the general application of converging NBIC technologies and human enhancement technologies. This includes the modification of DNA, the use of nootropic drugs, or the replacement of parts of the human anatomy, such as limbs, organs, or functional systems, with prosthetic substitutes capable of superior functioning.

Since the 1990s, transhumanists have risen to become the most prominent advocates of human enhancement while bioconservatives have always been its most prominent critics.

Human enhancement technologiesEdit

Human enhancement technologies (HET) are technologies that can be used not simply for treating illness and disability, but also for enhancing human capacities and characteristics.

HET are closely associated with the transhumanism, a movement which espouses using these technologies to increase human health, abilities, and lifespan.

The following are examples of human enhancing technologies:

Antidepressants Brain-computer interface Cybernetics Exocortex Gene therapy Growth hormone Human genetic engineering

Life extension Machine augmented intelligence Nanomedicine NBIC Nootropics Plastic surgery Reprogenetics

CriticismEdit

The general criticism of human enhancement, which is also voiced by some of its supporters, is that it is currently often practiced with a reckless and selfish short-term perspective that is ignorant of the long-term consequences on individuals and the rest of society.

Socially responsible advocates of human enhancement, such as techno-progressives, defend and promote rigorous, independent safety testing of human enhancement technologies.

See alsoEdit

Bioconservatism Bioethics Biopolitics Bionics Fyborg Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies Intelligence amplification Liberal eugenics Morphological freedom

NBIC Participant evolution Posthuman Procreative beneficence Reprogenetics Techno-progressivism Transhuman Transhumanism

ReferencesEdit

• Nicholas Agar. Liberal Eugenics: In Defence of Human Enhancement. Blackwell, 2004. ISBN 1405123907 / ISBN 1405123893
• Ramez Naam. More Than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement. Broadway Press, 2005. ISBN 0767918436

External linksEdit

• Community Perspectives on the Right to Human Enhancement
• Enhancement Technologies Group
• Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies

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