Human anatomy

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. It studies gross structures and systems of the human body, leaving the study of tissues to histology and cells to cytology. The human body, like the bodies of all animals, consists of systems, that consist of organs, that consist of tissues, that consist of cells.

See History of anatomy for a history of anatomy, including human anatomy.

Human organ systems

Cardiovascular system: blood circulations with heart and blood vessels
Digestive system: processing food with mouth, stomach and intestines
Endocrine system: communicating within the body using hormones
Immune system: defending against disease-causing agents
Integumentary system: skin, hair and nails
Lymphatic system: structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the bloodstream
Muscular system: moving the body
Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain and nerves
Reproductive system: the sex organs
Respiratory system: the organs used for breathing, the lungs
Skeletal system: structural support and protection through bones
Urinary system: the kidneys and associated structures involved in the production and excretion of urine

External features

Human body features — External body features

Common names of well known parts of the human body, from top to bottom :

Skin

Head -- Forehead -- Eye -- Ear -- Nose -- Mouth -- Tongue -- Teeth -- Jaw -- Face -- Cheek -- Chin

Neck -- Throat -- Adam's apple -- Shoulders

Arm -- Elbow -- Wrist -- Hand -- Fingers -- Thumb

Spine -- Chest -- Breast -- Ribcage

Abdomen -- Belly button -- Sex organs (Penis/Scrotum or Clitoris/Vagina) -- Rectum -- Anus

Hip -- Buttocks -- Leg -- Thigh -- Knee -- Calf -- Heel -- Ankle -- Foot -- Toes

Internal organs

Common names of internal organs (in alphabetical order) :

Adrenals -- Appendix -- Bladder -- Brain -- Duodenum -- Eyes -- Gall bladder -- Heart -- Intestines -- Kidney -- Liver-- Lungs -- Ovaries -- Pancreas -- Parathyroids -- Pituitary -- Prostate -- Spleen -- Stomach -- Thymus -- Thyroid -- Testicles -- Womb

Anatomy of the brain

Amygdala -- Brainstem -- Cerebellum -- Cerebral cortex -- Hypothalamus -- Limbic system -- medulla-- midbrain -- Pituitary gland -- pons

Studying human anatomy

Certain professions, especially medicine and physiotherapy, require the study of human anatomy in depth. Textbooks usually split the body into the following regional groups:

Head and Neck - includes everything above the thoracic inlet
Upper limb - includes everything from your hand, forearm, arm, shoulder, axilla, pectoral region and scapular region.
Thorax - contains the region of the chest from the thoracic inlet to the thoracic diaphragm.
Abdomen - everything from the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvic brim or to the pelvic inlet.
The back - about the spine and its components, the intervertebral disks and bodies
Pelvis and Perineum - the pelvis consists of everything from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm. The perineum is everything below the pelvic diaphragm.
Lower limb - the lower limb is usually everything below the inguinal ligament, including the thigh, the hip joint, the leg, and the foot.

Human anatomy

Contents

Human organ systems

External features

Internal organs

Anatomy of the brain

Studying human anatomy

See also

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