Changes: Growth hormone releasing hormone

Latest revision as of 13:51, 15 June 2007

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Growth hormone releasing hormone
Symbol(s):	GHRH GRF, GHRF
Locus:	20 p 12 or q11.2-q12
EC number	[1]
EntrezGene	2691
OMIM	139190
RefSeq	NM_021081
UniProt	P01286

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF or GHRF) or somatocrinin, is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the anterior pituitary gland where it stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion. GHRH also stimulates the production of GH. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH. In addition, GHRH also promotes slow-wave sleep directly. ^[1]

Relationship to somatostatin

The actions of GHRH are opposed by another hypothalamic hormone, somatostatin, also known as "growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone" (GHIH).

Somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of periventricular somatostatin neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the anterior pituitary where it inhibits GH secretion by hyperpolarising the somatotropes.

Somatostatin and GHRH are secreted in alternation, giving rise to the markedly pulsatile secretion of GH. However recently it had been discovered that somatostatin does not affect the secretion of GH.^[2]

Sequence

The amino acid sequence of GHRH is:

Tyr - Ala - Asp - Ala - Ile - Phe - Thr - Asn - Ser - Tyr - Arg - Lys - Val - Leu - Gly - Glu - Leu - Ser - Ala - Arg - Lys - Leu - Leu - Gln - Asp - Ile - Met - Ser - Arg - Glu - Gln - Gly - Glu - Ser - Asn - Gln - Glu - Arg - Gly - Ala - Arg - Ala - Arg - LeuNH2

References

↑ Obál F, Krueger J (2001). The somatotropic axis and sleep.. Rev Neurol (Paris) 157 (11 Pt 2): S12-5. PMID 11924022.
↑ Dimaraki E, Jaffe C, Demott-Friberg R, Russell-Aulet M, Bowers C, Marbach P, Barkan A (2001). Generation of growth hormone pulsatility in women: evidence against somatostatin withdrawal as pulse initiator.. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280 (3): E489-95. PMID 11171604. Paper

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Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3

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[1] Obál F, Krueger J (2001). The somatotropic axis and sleep.. Rev Neurol (Paris) 157 (11 Pt 2): S12-5. PMID 11924022.

[2] Dimaraki E, Jaffe C, Demott-Friberg R, Russell-Aulet M, Bowers C, Marbach P, Barkan A (2001). Generation of growth hormone pulsatility in women: evidence against somatostatin withdrawal as pulse initiator.. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280 (3): E489-95. PMID 11171604. Paper

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[2]

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-'''Growth-hormone-releasing hormone''' (GHRH), also known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF or GHRF) or '''somatocrinin''', is a 44-[[amino acid]] [[peptide hormone]] produced in the [[arcuate nucleus]] of the [[hypothalamus]]. GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the [[anterior pituitary gland]] where it stimulates [[growth hormone]] (GH) secretion. GHRH also stimulates the production of GH. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH.  In addition, GHRH also promotes [[slow-wave sleep]] directly (PMID 11924022).
+'''Growth-hormone-releasing hormone''' (GHRH), also known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF or GHRF) or '''somatocrinin''', is a 44-[[amino acid]] [[peptide hormone]] produced in the [[arcuate nucleus]] of the [[hypothalamus]].
-The actions of GHRH are opposed by another hypothalamic hormone, [[somatostatin]], also known as "growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone" (GHIH). Somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of periventricular somatostatin neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the anterior pituitary where it inhibits GH secretion by hyperpolarising the somatotropes. Somatostatin and GHRH are secreted in alternation, giving rise to the markedly pulsatile secretion of GH. However recently it had been discovered that somatostatin does not affect the secretion of GH [http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/3/E489 Paper].
+GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the [[anterior pituitary gland]] where it stimulates [[growth hormone]] (GH) secretion. GHRH also stimulates the production of GH. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH.  In addition, GHRH also promotes [[slow-wave sleep]] directly. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Obál F, Krueger J | title = The somatotropic axis and sleep. | journal = Rev Neurol (Paris) | volume = 157 | issue = 11 Pt 2 | pages = S12-5 | year = 2001 | id = PMID 11924022}}</ref>
+==Relationship to somatostatin==
+The actions of GHRH are opposed by another hypothalamic hormone, [[somatostatin]], also known as "growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone" (GHIH).
+Somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of periventricular somatostatin neurons, and is carried by the [[hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation]] to the anterior pituitary where it inhibits GH secretion by hyperpolarising the somatotropes.
+Somatostatin and GHRH are secreted in alternation, giving rise to the markedly pulsatile secretion of GH. However recently it had been discovered that somatostatin does not affect the secretion of GH.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Dimaraki E, Jaffe C, Demott-Friberg R, Russell-Aulet M, Bowers C, Marbach P, Barkan A | title = Generation of growth hormone pulsatility in women: evidence against somatostatin withdrawal as pulse initiator. | journal = Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab | volume = 280 | issue = 3 | pages = E489-95 | year = 2001 | id = PMID 11171604}} [http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/3/E489 Paper]</ref>
+==Sequence==
 The [[amino acid sequence]] of GHRH is:
 Tyr - Ala - Asp - Ala - Ile - Phe - Thr - Asn - Ser - Tyr - Arg - Lys - Val - Leu - Gly - Glu - Leu - Ser - Ala - Arg - Lys - Leu - Leu - Gln - Asp - Ile - Met - Ser - Arg - Glu - Gln - Gly - Glu - Ser - Asn - Gln - Glu - Arg - Gly - Ala - Arg - Ala - Arg - LeuNH2
+==References==
+<references/>
 {{Template:Hormones}}
-{{biochem-stub}}
+{{Neuropeptides}}
-{{med-stub}}
 [[Category:Peptide hormones]]
@@ Line 35: / Line 46: @@
 [[Category:Neuroendocrinology]]
+<!--
-:bg:Соматотропин-освобождаващ хормон
+[[bg:Соматотропин-освобождаващ хормон]]
-de:Somatoliberin
+[[de:Somatoliberin]]
-mk:Соматотропен ослободувачки хормон
+[[mk:Соматотропен ослободувачки хормон]]
-ru:Соматолиберин
+[[ru:Соматолиберин]]
+-->
 {{enWP|Growth hormone releasing hormone}}

v·d·e Peptides: neuropeptides
Hypothalamic	Somatostatin - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - Orexins - TRH - POMC (ACTH, MSH, Lipotropin)
Gastrointestinal hormones	Cholecystokinin - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide - Gastrin - Motilin - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Other hormones	Vasopressin - Calcitonin -
Other	Angiotensin - Bombesin/Neuromedin B - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Carnosine - Delta sleep-inducing peptide - FMRFamide - Galanin - Gastrin releasing peptide - Kinins (Bradykinin, Tachykinins ) - Neuromedin (B, N, U) - Neuropeptide Y - Neurophysins - Neurotensin - Opioid peptide - Pancreatic polypeptide - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide