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Growth hormone releasing hormone
Symbol(s):	GHRH GRF, GHRF
Locus:	20 p 12 or q11.2-q12
EC number	[1]
EntrezGene	2691
OMIM	139190
RefSeq	NM_021081
UniProt	P01286

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF or GHRF) or somatocrinin, is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the anterior pituitary gland where it stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion. GHRH also stimulates the production of GH. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH. In addition, GHRH also promotes slow-wave sleep directly. ^[1]

[edit] Relationship to somatostatin

The actions of GHRH are opposed by another hypothalamic hormone, somatostatin, also known as "growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone" (GHIH).

Somatostatin is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of periventricular somatostatin neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the anterior pituitary where it inhibits GH secretion by hyperpolarising the somatotropes.

Somatostatin and GHRH are secreted in alternation, giving rise to the markedly pulsatile secretion of GH. However recently it had been discovered that somatostatin does not affect the secretion of GH.^[2]

[edit] Sequence

The amino acid sequence of GHRH is:

Tyr - Ala - Asp - Ala - Ile - Phe - Thr - Asn - Ser - Tyr - Arg - Lys - Val - Leu - Gly - Glu - Leu - Ser - Ala - Arg - Lys - Leu - Leu - Gln - Asp - Ile - Met - Ser - Arg - Glu - Gln - Gly - Glu - Ser - Asn - Gln - Glu - Arg - Gly - Ala - Arg - Ala - Arg - LeuNH2

[edit] References

1. ↑ Obál F, Krueger J (2001). The somatotropic axis and sleep.. Rev Neurol (Paris) 157 (11 Pt 2): S12-5. PMID 11924022.
2. ↑ Dimaraki E, Jaffe C, Demott-Friberg R, Russell-Aulet M, Bowers C, Marbach P, Barkan A (2001). Generation of growth hormone pulsatility in women: evidence against somatostatin withdrawal as pulse initiator.. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280 (3): E489-95. PMID 11171604. Paper

Hormones and endocrine glands - edit

Hypothalamus: - TRH - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - somatostatin - dopamine | Posterior pituitary: vasopressin - oxytocin - lipotropin | Anterior pituitary: GH - ACTH - TSH - LH - FSH - prolactin - MSH - endorphins - lipotropin Thyroid: T3 and T4 - calcitonin | Parathyroid: PTH | Adrenal medulla: epinephrine - norepinephrine | Adrenal cortex: aldosterone - cortisol - DHEA | Pancreas: glucagon- insulin - somatostatin | Ovary: estradiol - progesterone - inhibin - activin | Testis: testosterone - AMH - inhibin | Pineal gland: melatonin | Kidney: renin - EPO - calcitriol - prostaglandin | Heart atrium: ANP Stomach: gastrin | Duodenum: CCK - GIP - secretin - motilin - VIP | Ileum: enteroglucagon | Liver: IGF-1 Placenta: hCG - HPL - estrogen - progesterone Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3

v·d·e Peptides: neuropeptides
Hypothalamic	Somatostatin - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - Orexins - TRH - POMC (ACTH, MSH, Lipotropin)
Gastrointestinal hormones	Cholecystokinin - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide - Gastrin - Motilin - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Other hormones	Vasopressin - Calcitonin -
Other	Angiotensin - Bombesin/Neuromedin B - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Carnosine - Delta sleep-inducing peptide - FMRFamide - Galanin - Gastrin releasing peptide - Kinins (Bradykinin, Tachykinins ) - Neuromedin (B, N, U) - Neuropeptide Y - Neurophysins - Neurotensin - Opioid peptide - Pancreatic polypeptide - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Growth hormone releasing hormone. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.