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In geriatrics and gerontology geriatric assessment is the assessment of geriatric patients, those elderly people requiring treatment for physical or mental disorders.


Physical assessment with older adults[]

Because of some of the physical limitations of old age physical assessment should always look at the impact of the condition on the persons activities of daily living and where necessary a needs assessment should be conducted.




Mental health assessment with older adults[]

In geriatric psychiatry or geriatric psychology settings the conduct of a psychiatric assessment and psychological assessment should also help identify the impact on peoples ability to live independently and if this is compromised a needs assessment should be carried out. Particular aspects of assessment are:


Assessment measures[]

Ethical issues[]

See also[]


References & Bibliography[]

Key texts[]

Books[]

  • Barnett, J. E., & Dunning, C. B. (2005). Assessment and Treatment of the Elderly: Clinical and Ethical Issues. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
  • Barry, K. L., & Blow, F. C. (1999). Screening and assessment of alcohol problems in older adults. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Broshek, D. K., & Marcopulos, B. A. (1999). Delirium assessment in older adults. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Brown, K. S. (1999). Assessing an older adult's readiness for medical rehabilitation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Carmin, C. N., Pollard, C. A., & Gillock, K. L. (1999). Assessment of anxiety disorders in the elderly. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Conn, D. K., & Kaye, A. (2001). The suicidal resident. Ashland, OH: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
  • DeHart, S. S., & Hoffmann, N. G. (1997). Screening and diagnosis: Alcohol use disorders in older adults. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Edelstein, B., & Kalish, K. (1999). Clinical assessment of older adults. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Edelstein, B., Staats, N., Kalish, K. D., & Northrop, L. E. (1996). Assessment of older adults. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Edelstein, B. A. (1998). Comprehensive clinical psychology: Vol. 7: Clinical geropsychology. Oxford, England: Pergamon/Elsevier Science Ltd.
  • Edelstein, B. A., Martin, R. R., & Koven, L. P. (2003). Psychological assessment in geriatric settings. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Edelstein, B. A., Stoner, S. A., & Woodhead, E. (2008). Older adults. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Haley, W. E., & Mangum, W. P. (1999). Ethical issues in geriatric assessment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Irons, R. R., & Rosen, D. E. (2001). Substance dependence in the elderly. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
  • Koltai, D. C., & Welsh-Bohmer, K. A. (2000). Geriatric neuropsychological assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Oslin, D. W., & Holden, R. (2002). Recognition and assessment of alcohol and drug dependence in the elderly. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Overcash, J. (2008). Cancer assessment and intervention strategies. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Rogers, J. C., & Holm, M. B. (1998). Geriatric rehabilitation. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Rom-Rymer, B. N. (2007). Evaluating the Psychological Sequelae of Elder Abuse. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Rosselli, M., & Ardila, A. (2001). Normal and abnormal aging. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Tait, R. C. (1999). Assessment of pain and response to treatment in older adults. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.


Papers[]

  • Alessi, C. A., Josephson, K. R., Harker, J. O., Pietruszka, F. M., Hoyl, M. T., & Rubenstein, L. Z. (2003). The Yield, Reliability, and Validity of a Postal Survey for Screening Community-Dwelling Older People: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 51(2) Feb 2003, 194-202.
  • Alessi, C. A., Stuck, A. E., Aronow, H. U., Yuhas, K. E., Bula, C. J., Madison, R., et al. (1997). The process of care in preventive in-home comprehensive geriatric assessment: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 45(9) Sep 1997, 1044-1050.
  • Alessi, N. (2001). Geriatric telepsychiatry: No matter the population, the questions remain the same-A commentary: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 14(2) Sum 2001, 88-90.
  • Atwal, A., McIntyre, A., Craik, C., & Hunt, J. (2008). Occupational therapists' perceptions of predischarge home assessments with older adults in acute care: British Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol 71(2) Feb 2008, 52-58.
  • Auer, S., Hampel, H., Moller, H.-J., & Reisberg, B. (2000). Translations of measurements and scales: Opportunities and diversities: International Psychogeriatrics Vol 12(Suppl1) 2000, 391-394.
  • Baiyewu, O., Unverzagt, F. W., Lane, K. A., Gureje, O., Ogunniyi, A., Musick, B., et al. (2005). The Stick Design test: A new measure of visuoconstructional ability: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol 11(5) Sep 2005, 598-605.
  • Balas, M. C., Casey, C. M., & Happ, M. B. (2008). Comprehensive assessment and management of the critically ill. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Barnes, L. L., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., de Leon, C. F. M., Kim, H.-J. N., Buchman, A. S., et al. (2007). Correlates of life space in a volunteer cohort of older adults: Experimental Aging Research Vol 33(1) Jan-Mar 2007, 77-93.
  • Bauer, J. M., Vogl, T., Wicklein, S., Trogner, J., Muhlberg, W., & Sieber, C. C. (2005). Comparison of the Mini Nutritional Assessment, Subjective Global Assessment, and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) for nutritional screening and assessment in geriatric hospital patients: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie Vol 38(5) Oct 2005, 322-327.
  • Bearon, L. B., Crowley, G. M., Chandler, J., Robbins, M. S., & Studenski, S. (2000). Personal functional goals: A new approach to assessing patient-centered outcomes: Journal of Applied Gerontology Vol 19(3) Sep 2000, 326-344.
  • Bedard, M., Darzins, P., & Molloy, D. W. (1996). Driver ability vs. crash risk: Australasian Journal on Ageing Vol 15(4) Nov 1996, 147.
  • Berges, I.-M., Kuo, Y.-F., Markides, K. S., & Ottenbacher, K. (2007). Attendance at religious services and physical functioning after stroke among older Mexican Americans: Experimental Aging Research Vol 33(1) Jan-Mar 2007, 1-11.
  • Berkman, B., Shearer, S., Simmons, W. J., White, M., & et al. (1996). Ambulatory elderly patients of primary care physicians: Functional, psychosocial and environmental predictors of need for social work care management: Social Work in Health Care Vol 22(3) 1996, 1-20.
  • Beullens, J., & Aertgeerts, B. (2004). Screening for alcohol abuse and dependence in older people using DSM criteria: A review: Aging & Mental Health Vol 8(1) Jan 2004, 76-82.
  • Bieliauskas, L. A. (2005). Neuropsychological assessment of geriatric driving competence: Brain Injury Vol 19(3) Mar 2005, 221-226.
  • Billick, S. B., Siedenburg, E., Burgert, W., III, & Bruni-Solhkhah, S. M. (2001). Validation of the Mental Alternation Test with the Mini-Mental State Examination in geriatric psychiatric inpatients and normal controls: Comprehensive Psychiatry Vol 42(3) May-Jun 2001, 202-205.
  • Bjorklund, A., & Henriksson, M. (2003). On the Context of Elderly Persons' Occupational Performance: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics Vol 21(3) 2003, 49-58.
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  • Boult, C., Boult, L. B., Morishita, L., Dowd, B., Kane, R. L., & Urdangarin, C. F. (2001). A randomized clinical trial of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 49(4) Apr 2001, 351-359.
  • Boyle, A. R., & Davis, H. (2006). Early screening and assessment of alcohol and substance abuse in the elderly: Clinical implications: Journal of Addictions Nursing Vol 17(2) 2006, 95-103.
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  • Brymer, C., Cormack, C., & Spezowka, K.-A. (1998). Improving the care of the elderly in a rural county through education: Gerontology & Geriatrics Education Vol 19(1) 1998, 55-64.
  • Bula, C. J., Berod, A. C., Stuck, A. E., Alessi, C. A., Aronow, H. U., Santos-Eggimann, B., et al. (1999). Effectiveness of preventive in-home geriatric assessment in well functioning, community-dwelling older people: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 47(4) Apr 1999, 389-395.
  • Burnett, J., Regev, T., Pickens, S., Prati, L. L., Aung, K., Moore, J., et al. (2006). Social networks: A profile of the elderly who self-neglect: Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect Vol 18(4) 2006, 35-49.
  • Calsyn, R. J., & Winter, J. P. (2000). Predicting different types of service use by the elderly: The strength of the behavioral model and value of interaction terms: Journal of Applied Gerontology Vol 19(3) Sep 2000, 284-303.
  • Campos, R. (2005). Review of Assessment Scales In Old Age Psychiatry: European Journal of Psychiatry Vol 19(2) Apr-Jun 2005,
  • Canfield, J. E. (1995). A construct validity of the Life Sphere Questionnaire for people over 64. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
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  • Cartwright, D. L., Madill, H. M., & Dennis, S. (1996). Cognitive impairment and functional performance of patients admitted to a geriatric assessment and rehabilitation centre: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics Vol 14(3) 1996, 1-21.
  • Casten, R., Lawton, M. P., Parmelee, P. A., & Kleban, M. H. (1998). Psychometric characteristics of the Minimum Data Set I: Confirmatory factor analysis: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 46(6) Jun 1998, 726-735.
  • Cattarinich, X., Gibson, N., & Cave, A. J. (2001). Assessing mental capacity in Canadian Aboriginal seniors: Social Science & Medicine Vol 53(11) Dec 2001, 1469-1479.
  • Chan, S. M. S., Chiu, F. K. H., & Lam, C. W. L. (2006). Correlational study of the Chinese version of the executive interview (C-EXIT25) to other cognitive measures in a psychogeriatric population in Hong Kong Chinese: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 21(6) Jun 2006, 535-541.
  • Chaves, P. H. M., Ashar, B., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (2002). Looking at the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and prevalent mobility difficulty in older women. should the criteria currently used to define anemia in older people be reevaluated? : Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 50(7) Jul 2002, 1257-1264.
  • Chiriboga, D. A., Ottenbacher, K., & Haber, D. A. (1999). Disability in older adults: III. Policy implications: Behavioral Medicine Vol 24(4) Win 1999, 171-180.
  • Cho, C.-Y., Alessi, C. A., Cho, M., Aronow, H. U., Stuck, A. E., Rubenstein, L. Z., et al. (1998). The association between chronic illness and functional change among participants in a comprehensive geriatric assessment program: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 46(6) Jun 1998, 677-682.
  • Chou, K.-L. (2001). Direct Assessment of Functional Abilities (DAFA): A validation study with Hong Kong Chinese elders: Clinical Gerontologist Vol 23(1-2) 2001, 55-63.
  • Chou, K.-L., Chi, I., Leung, A. C.-t., Wu, Y. M., & Liu, C.-p. (2001). Validation of Minimum Data Set for nursing home in Hong Kong Chinese elders: Clinical Gerontologist Vol 23(1-2) 2001, 43-54.
  • Christiansen, A., & Roberts, K. (2005). Integrating health and social care assessment and care management: Findings from a pilot project evaluation: Primary Health Care Research and Development Vol 6(3) Jul 2005, 269-277.
  • Chu-Ai Teh, R., Shiong Lim, W., Basri, R., & Hafizah Ismail, N. (2006). Utility of a patient-response screening question for visual impairment: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 54(2) Feb 2006, 370-372.
  • Clarke, J. A. (2007). The professional development of nursing through different aspects of the caring practices of nurses: Nursing the patient person in a geriatric assessment unit: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences Vol 21(3) Sep 2007, 362-370.
  • Clarkson, P., Venables, D., Hughes, J., Burns, A., & Challis, D. (2006). Integrated specialist assessment of older people and predictors of care-home admission: Psychological Medicine Vol 36(7) Jul 2006, 1011-1021.
  • Cohen, H. J., Feussner, J. R., Weinberger, M., Carnes, M., Hamdy, R. C., Hsieh, F., et al. (2002). A controlled trial of inpatient and outpatient geriatric evaluation and management: New England Journal of Medicine Vol 346(12) Mar 2002, 905-912.
  • Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Lipson, S. (2002). Pain in cognitively impaired nursing home residents: How well are physicians diagnosing it? : Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 50(6) Jun 2002, 1039-1044.
  • Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Martin, L. S. (1999). Assessment of agitation in older adults. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Cole, M. G. (1998). Impact of geriatric home screening services on mental state: A systematic review: International Psychogeriatrics Vol 10(1) Mar 1998, 97-102.
  • Coman, E., Moses, J. A., Jr., Kraemer, H. C., Friedman, L., Benton, A. L., & Yesavage, J. (1999). Geriatric performance on the Benton Visual Retention Test: Demographic and diagnostic considerations: Clinical Neuropsychologist Vol 13(1) Feb 1999, 66-77.
  • Coman, E., Moses, J. A., Jr., Kraemer, H. C., Friedman, L., Benton, A. L., & Yesavage, J. (2002). Interactive influences on BVRT performance level: Geriatric considerations: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Vol 17(6) Aug 2002, 595-610.
  • Coppola, L., Caserta, F., Grassia, A., Mastrolorezo, L., Altrui, L., Tondi, G., et al. (2002). Urinary incontinence in the elderly: Relation to cognitive and motor function: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Vol 35(1) Jul-Aug 2002, 27-34.
  • Corrales Fernandez, E., Tardon Garcia, A., & Cueto Espinar, A. (2000). Functional status and quality of life in people over seventy years old: Psicothema Vol 12(2) May 2000, 171-175.
  • Crowe, M., Clay, O. J., Sawyer, P., Crowther, M. R., & Allman, R. M. (2008). Education and reading ability in relation to differences in cognitive screening between African American and Caucasian older adults: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol 23(2) Feb 2008, 222-223.
  • Dawson, P., Wells, D. L., Reid, D., & Sidani, S. (1998). An abilities assessment instrument for elderly persons with cognitive impairment: Psychometric properties and clinical utility: Journal of Nursing Measurement Vol 6(1) Summer 1998, 35-54.
  • de Klerk, M. M. Y., Huijsman, R., & McDonnell, J. (1997). The use of technical aids by elderly persons in the Netherlands: An application of the Andersen and Newman model: The Gerontologist Vol 37(3) Jun 1997, 365-373.
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  • Douglass, C. (2001). The development and evolution of geriatric assessment teams over the past 25 years: A cross-cultural comparison of the US and the UK: Journal of Interprofessional Care Vol 15(3) Aug 2001, 267-280.
  • Draper, B., Meares, S., & McIntosh, H. (1998). A psychogeriatric outreach service to nursing homes in Sydney: Australasian Journal on Ageing Vol 17(4) Nov 1998, 184-186.
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  • Edelstein, B. (2000). Challenges in the assessment of decision-making capacity: Journal of Aging Studies Vol 14(4) Dec 2000, 423-437.
  • Edgell, R. C., Kunik, M. E., Molinari, V. A., Hale, D., & Orengo, C. A. (2000). Nonalcohol-related use disorders in geropsychiatric patients: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology Vol 13(1) Spr 2000, 33-37.
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  • Eisses, A. M. H., & Kluiter, K. (2002). The 28-item version of the Behavior Rating Scale for Psychogeriatric Inpatients (GIP-28) for use in residential homes: A psychometric evaluation: Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie Vol 33(3) Jun 2002, 112-118.
  • Engelhardt, J. B., Toseland, R. W., Gao, J., & Banks, S. (2006). Long-Term Effects of Outpatient Geriatric Evaluation and Management on Health Care Utilization, Cost, and Survival: Research on Social Work Practice Vol 16(1) Jan 2006, 20-27.
  • Engelhart, C. I., Eisenstein, N., Johnson, V., Wolf, J., Williamson, J., Steitz, D., et al. (1999). Factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (COGNISTAT) in healthy, and psychiatrically and neurologically impaired, elderly adults: Clinical Neuropsychologist Vol 13(1) Feb 1999, 109-111.
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Additional material[]

Books[]

  • Ayello, E. A., & Sibbald, R. G. (2008). Preventing pressure ulcers and skin tears. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Coviello, J., & Chyun, D. A. (2008). Fluid overload: Identifying and managing heart failure patients at risk for hospital readmission. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Dougherty, L. M., & Chamblin, B. (1999). Assessment as an adjunct in psychotherapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Hunt, L. A., & Weston, K. (1999). Assessment of driving capacity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Kresevic, D. M. (2008). Assessment of function. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Mentes, J. C. (2008). Managing oral hydration. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
  • Moye, J. (1999). Assessment of competency and decision making capacity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Mulsant, B. H., & Wright, B. A. (1996). Medical assessment. New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Papers[]

Dissertations[]

External links[]

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