Fruit fly may refer to several organisms:

• Tephritidae, a family of large, colorfully marked flies including agricultural pests
• Drosophilidae, a family of smaller flies, including:
  • Drosophila, the genus of small fruit flies and vinegar flies
  • Drosophila melanogaster, often called the common fruit fly, which is an important model organism in modern biology
  • Drosophila suzukii, often called the Asian fruit fly, native to southeast Asia and an invasive species in North America