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Caption = Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. |
 
Caption = Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. |
 
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In the [[anatomy]] of [[vertebrates]], the '''prosencephalon''' (or '''forebrain''') is the [[Anatomical_terms_of_location|rostral]]-most portion of the [[brain]]. The prosencephalon, the [[mesencephalon]] (midbrain), and [[rhombencephalon]] (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain during early [[developmental biology|development]] of the [[central nervous system]].
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In the [[anatomy]] of the [[brain]] of [[vertebrates]], the '''prosencephalon''' (or '''forebrain''') is the [[rostral]]-most (forward-most) portion of the [[brain]]. The prosencephalon, the [[mesencephalon]] (midbrain), and [[rhombencephalon]] (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain during early [[developmental biology|development]] of the [[central nervous system]]. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions.
   
At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the [[diencephalon]] ([[thalamus]] and [[hypothalamus]]) and the [[telencephalon]] (cerebrum). The cerebrum consists of the [[cerebral cortex]], underlying [[white matter]], and the [[basal ganglia]].
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At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the [[diencephalon]] (prethalamus, [[thalamus]], [[hypothalamus]], [[subthalamus]], [[epithalamus]], and [[pretectum]]) and the [[telencephalon]] ([[cerebrum]]). The cerebrum consists of the [[cerebral cortex]], underlying [[white matter]], and the [[basal ganglia]].
   
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When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as [[holoprosencephaly]].
== See also ==
 
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==Additional images==
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<gallery>
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Image:Gray40.png|Embryo between eighteen and twenty-one days.
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Image:Gray460.png|Head of chick embryo of about thirty-eight hours’ incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26
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</gallery>
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==See also==
 
* [[List of regions in the human brain]]
 
* [[List of regions in the human brain]]
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* [[Nucleus basalis magnocellularis]]
   
{{Psych-stub}}
 
 
{{Prosencephalon}}
 
{{Prosencephalon}}
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[[Category:Brain]]
[[Category:Prosencephalon|*]]
 
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
 
 
[[Category:Cerebrum]]
 
[[Category:Cerebrum]]
[[Category:Central nervous system]]
 
[[Category:Cranial nerves]]
 
 
[[Category:Developmental biology]]
 
[[Category:Developmental biology]]
   
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{{enWP| Prosencephalon}}
 
{{enWP| Prosencephalon}}

Latest revision as of 22:17, 27 April 2009

Brain: Forebrain
Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures.
[[Image:|250px|center|]]
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MeSH [1]

In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the prosencephalon (or forebrain) is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development of the central nervous system. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions.

At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon (prethalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and pretectum) and the telencephalon (cerebrum). The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex, underlying white matter, and the basal ganglia.

When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly.

Additional images

See also

Telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres) - edit

primary sulci/fissures: medial longitudinal, lateral, central, parietoöccipital, calcarine, cingulate

frontal lobe: precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex, 4), precentral sulcus, superior frontal gyrus (6, 8), middle frontal gyrus (46), inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area, 44-pars opercularis, 45-pars triangularis), prefrontal cortex (orbitofrontal cortex, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47)

parietal lobe: postcentral sulcus, postcentral gyrus (1, 2, 3, 43), superior parietal lobule (5), inferior parietal lobule (39-angular gyrus, 40), precuneus (7), intraparietal sulcus

occipital lobe: primary visual cortex (17), cuneus, lingual gyrus, 18, 19 (18 and 19 span whole lobe)

temporal lobe: transverse temporal gyrus (41-42-primary auditory cortex), superior temporal gyrus (38, 22-Wernicke's area), middle temporal gyrus (21), inferior temporal gyrus (20), fusiform gyrus (36, 37)

limbic lobe/fornicate gyrus: cingulate cortex/cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), posterior cingulate (23, 31),
isthmus (26, 29, 30), parahippocampal gyrus (piriform cortex, 25, 27, 35), entorhinal cortex (28, 34)

subcortical/insular cortex: rhinencephalon, olfactory bulb, corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, septum pellucidum, ependyma, internal capsule, corona radiata, external capsule

hippocampal formation: dentate gyrus, hippocampus, subiculum

basal ganglia: striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen), lentiform nucleus (putamen, globus pallidus), claustrum, extreme capsule, amygdala, nucleus accumbens

Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

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