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Psychopharmacology
(Index , Outline )
Flupentixol (INN ), also known as flupenthixol (former BAN ), marketed under brand names such as Depixol and Fluanxol , is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as Anxiset, Deanxit, Mixit, a combination product containing both melitracen and flupentixol.
Indications [ ]
Flupentixol's main use is as a long-acting injection given two or three times weekly to individuals with schizophrenia who have poor compliance with medication and suffer frequent relapses of illness.
Flupentixol is also used in low doses as an antidepressant .[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Pharmacology [ ]
Flupentixol acts as an antagonist at various dopamine (D1 -D5 ), serotonin (5-HT2 ), adrenaline (α1 ), and histamine (H1 ) receptors ,[7] without affecting the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors .[8]
Its antipsychotic effects are likely caused by D2 and/or 5-HT2A antagonism, whereas its antidepressant effects at lower doses may be mediated by preferential D2 /D3 autoreceptor blockade, resulting in increased postsynaptic activation.
Side effects [ ]
The side effects of flupentixol are similar to most other typical antipsychotics, namely extrapyramidal symptoms of akathisia , muscle tremors , and rigidity and antihistamine effects like sedation and somnolence . However, it lacks anticholinergic adverse effects.
See also [ ]
References [ ]
↑ Robertson MM, Trimble MR (May 1981). The antidepressant action of flupenthixol. The Practitioner 225 (1355): 761–3.
↑ Pöldinger W, Sieberns S (1983). Depression-inducing and antidepressive effects of neuroleptics. Experiences with flupenthixol and flupenthixol decanoate. Neuropsychobiology 10 (2-3): 131–6.
↑ Johnson DA (January 1979). A double-blind comparison of flupenthixol, nortriptyline and diazepam in neurotic depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 59 (1): 1–8.
↑ Young JP, Hughes WC, Lader MH (May 1976). A controlled comparison of flupenthixol and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. British Medical Journal 1 (6018): 1116–8.
↑ Fujiwara J, Ishino H, Baba O, Hanaoka M, Sasaki K (August 1976). Effect of flupenthixol on depression with special reference to combination use with tricyclic antidepressants. An uncontrolled pilot study with 45 patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 54 (2): 99–105.
↑ Tam W, Young JP, John G, Lader MH (March 1982). A controlled comparison of flupenthixol decanoate injections and oral amitriptyline in depressed out-patients. The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science 140 : 287–91.
↑ PDSP Database - UNC .
↑ Golds PR, Przyslo FR, Strange PG (March 1980). The binding of some antidepressant drugs to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology 68 (3): 541–9.
Psycholeptics : antipsychotics (N05A )
Phenothiazine typical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine • Fluphenazine • Mesoridazine • Perphenazine • Prochlorperazine • Promazine • Thioridazine /Sulforidazine • Trifluoperazine
Other typical antipsychotics
Indoles (Molindone ) • Butyrophenones (Azaperone , Benperidol , Droperidol , Haloperidol ) • Thioxanthenes (Flupentixol , Chlorprothixene , Thiothixene , Zuclopenthixol ) • diphenylbutylpiperidines (Fluspirilene , Penfluridol , Pimozide ) • other (Loxapine )
Atypical antipsychotics
Butyrophenones (Melperone ) • Indoles (Sertindole , Ziprasidone ) • Benzamides (Sulpiride , Remoxipride , Amisulpride ) • diazepines/oxazepines/thiazepines (Clozapine , Olanzapine , Quetiapine ) • other (Aripiprazole , Risperidone , Paliperidone , Zotepine )
Antidepressants (ATC N06A ) edit
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
Harmaline , Iproclozide , Iproniazid , Isocarboxazid , Nialamide , Phenelzine , Selegiline , Toloxatone , Tranylcypromine
Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA)
Brofaromine , Moclobemide
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DARI)
Amineptine , Phenmetrazine , Vanoxerine , Modafinil
Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Bupropion
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) or (NARI)
Atomoxetine , Maprotiline , Reboxetine , Viloxazine
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Duloxetine , Milnacipran , Venlafaxine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Alaproclate , Etoperidone , Citalopram , Escitalopram , Fluoxetine , Fluvoxamine , Paroxetine , Sertraline , Zimelidine
Selective serotonin reuptake enhancer (SSRE)
Tianeptine
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
Amitriptyline , Amoxapine , Butriptyline , Clomipramine , Desipramine , Dibenzepin , Dothiepin , Doxepin , Imipramine , Iprindole , Lofepramine , Melitracen , Nortriptyline , Opipramol , Protriptyline , Trimipramine
Tetracyclic antidepressants
Maprotiline , Mianserin , Nefazodone , Trazodone
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) Mirtazapine
Adrenergics
Receptor ligands
α1
Agonists : 5-FNE • 6-FNE • Amidephrine • Anisodamine • Anisodine • Cirazoline • Dipivefrine • Dopamine • Ephedrine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Etilefrine • Ethylnorepinephrine • Indanidine • Levonordefrin • Metaraminol • Methoxamine • Methyldopa • Midodrine • Naphazoline • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • Octopamine • Oxymetazoline • Phenylephrine • Phenylpropanolamine • Pseudoephedrine • Synephrine • Tetrahydrozoline Antagonists : Abanoquil • Adimolol • Ajmalicine • Alfuzosin • Amosulalol • Arotinolol • Atiprosin • Benoxathian • Buflomedil • Bunazosin • Carvedilol • CI-926 • Corynanthine • Dapiprazole • DL-017 • Domesticine • Doxazosin • Eugenodilol • Fenspiride • GYKI-12,743 • GYKI-16,084 • Indoramin • Ketanserin • L-765,314 • Labetalol • Mephendioxan • Metazosin • Monatepil • Moxisylyte (Thymoxamine) • Naftopidil • Nantenine • Neldazosin • Nicergoline • Niguldipine • Pelanserin • Phendioxan • Phenoxybenzamine • Phentolamine • Piperoxan • Prazosin • Quinazosin • Ritanserin • RS-97,078 • SGB-1,534 • Silodosin • SL-89.0591 • Spiperone • Talipexole • Tamsulosin • Terazosin • Tibalosin • Tiodazosin • Tipentosin • Tolazoline • Trimazosin • Upidosin • Urapidil • Zolertine * Note that many TCAs , TeCAs , antipsychotics , ergolines , and some piperazines like buspirone , trazodone , nefazodone , etoperidone , and mepiprazole all antagonize α1 -adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension .
α2
Agonists : (R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline • 4-NEMD • 6-FNE • Amitraz • Apraclonidine • Brimonidine • Cannabivarin • Clonidine • Detomidine • Dexmedetomidine • Dihydroergotamine • Dipivefrine • Dopamine • Ephedrine • Ergotamine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Esproquin • Etilefrine • Ethylnorepinephrine • Guanabenz • Guanfacine • Guanoxabenz • Levonordefrin • Lofexidine • Medetomidine • Methyldopa • Mivazerol • Naphazoline • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • Phenylpropanolamine • Piperoxan • Pseudoephedrine • Rilmenidine • Romifidine • Talipexole • Tetrahydrozoline • Tizanidine • Tolonidine • Urapidil • Xylazine • Xylometazoline Antagonists : 1-PP • Adimolol • Aptazapine • Atipamezole • BRL-44408 • Buflomedil • Cirazoline • Efaroxan • Esmirtazapine • Fenmetozole • Fluparoxan • GYKI-12,743 • GYKI-16,084 • Idazoxan • Mianserin • Mirtazapine • MK-912 • NAN-190 • Olanzapine • Phentolamine • Phenoxybenzamine • Piperoxan • Piribedil • Rauwolscine • Rotigotine • SB-269,970 • Setiptiline • Spiroxatrine • Sunepitron • Tolazoline • Yohimbine * Note that many atypical antipsychotics and azapirones like buspirone and gepirone (via metabolite 1-PP ) antagonize α2 -adrenergic receptors as well.
Agonists : 2-FNE • 5-FNE • Amibegron • Arbutamine • Arformoterol • Arotinolol • BAAM • Bambuterol • Befunolol • Bitolterol • Broxaterol • Buphenine • Carbuterol • Cimaterol • Clenbuterol • Denopamine • Deterenol • Dipivefrine • Dobutamine • Dopamine • Dopexamine • Ephedrine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Etafedrine • Etilefrine • Ethylnorepinephrine • Fenoterol • Formoterol • Hexoprenaline • Higenamine • Indacaterol • Isoetarine • Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) • Isoxsuprine • Labetalol • Levonordefrin • Levosalbutamol • Mabuterol • Methoxyphenamine • Methyldopa • N -Isopropyloctopamine • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • Orciprenaline • Oxyfedrine • Phenylpropanolamine • Pirbuterol • Prenalterol • Ractopamine • Procaterol • Pseudoephedrine • Reproterol • Rimiterol • Ritodrine • Salbutamol (Albuterol) • Salmeterol • Solabegron • Terbutaline • Tretoquinol • Tulobuterol • Xamoterol • Zilpaterol • Zinterol Antagonists : Acebutolol • Adaprolol • Adimolol • Afurolol • Alprenolol • Alprenoxime • Amosulalol • Ancarolol • Arnolol • Arotinolol • Atenolol • Befunolol • Betaxolol • Bevantolol • Bisoprolol • Bopindolol • Bormetolol • Bornaprolol • Brefonalol • Bucindolol • Bucumolol • Bufetolol • Buftiralol • Bufuralol • Bunitrolol • Bunolol • Bupranolol • Burocrolol • Butaxamine • Butidrine • Butofilolol • Capsinolol • Carazolol • Carpindolol • Carteolol • Carvedilol • Celiprolol • Cetamolol • Cicloprolol • Cinamolol • Cloranolol • Cyanopindolol • Dalbraminol • Dexpropranolol • Diacetolol • Dichloroisoprenaline • Dihydroalprenolol • Dilevalol • Diprafenone • Draquinolol • Dropranolol • Ecastolol • Epanolol • Ericolol • Ersentilide • Esatenolol • Esmolol • Esprolol • Eugenodilol • Exaprolol • Falintolol • Flestolol • Flusoxolol • Hydroxycarteolol • Hydroxytertatolol • ICI-118,551 • Idropranolol • Indenolol • Indopanolol • Iodocyanopindolol • Iprocrolol • Isoxaprolol • Isamoltane • Labetalol • Landiolol • Levobetaxolol • Levobunolol • Levocicloprolol • Levomoprolol • Medroxalol • Mepindolol • Metalol • Metipranolol • Metoprolol • Moprolol • Nadolol • Nadoxolol • Nafetolol • Nebivolol • Neraminol • Nifenalol • Nipradilol • Oberadilol • Oxprenolol • Pacrinolol • Pafenolol • Pamatolol • Pargolol • Parodilol • Penbutolol • Penirolol • PhQA-33 • Pindolol • Pirepolol • Practolol • Primidolol • Procinolol • Pronethalol • Propafenone • Propranolol • Ridazolol • Ronactolol • Soquinolol • Sotalol • Spirendolol • SR 59230A • Sulfinalol • TA-2005 • Talinolol • Tazolol • Teoprolol • Tertatolol • Terthianolol • Tienoxolol • Tilisolol • Timolol • Tiprenolol • Tolamolol • Toliprolol • Tribendilol • Trigevolol • Xibenolol • Xipranolol
Releasing agents
Morpholines : Fenbutrazate • Morazone • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine ; Oxazolines : 4-Methylaminorex • Aminorex • Clominorex • Cyclazodone • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone ; Phenethylamines (also amphetamines , cathinones , phentermines , etc): 2-OH-PEA • 4-CAB • 4-FA • 4-FMA • 4-MA • 4-MMA • Alfetamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amfepramone • Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine , Levoamphetamine ) • Amphetaminil • β-Me-PEA • BDB • Benzphetamine • BOH • Buphedrone • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Clobenzorex • Clortermine • D-Deprenyl • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, metamfepramone) • DMA • DMMA • EBDB • Ephedrine • Ethcathinone • Ethylamphetamine • Ethylone • Famprofazone • Fenethylline • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Hordenine • IAP • IMP • L-Deprenyl (Selegiline) • Lisdexamfetamine • Lophophine • MBDB • MDA (Tenamfetamine) • MDEA • MDMA • MDMPEA • MDOH • MDPEA • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Mephentermine • Methamphetamine (Dextromethamphetamine , Levomethamphetamine ) • Methcathinone • Methedrone • Methylone • NAP • Ortetamine • Paredrine • pBA • pCA • Pentorex (Phenpentermine) • Phenethylamine • Pholedrine • Phenpromethamine • Phentermine • Phenylpropanolamine • pIA • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Pseudoephedrine • Tiflorex • Tyramine • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine ; Piperazines : 2C-B-BZP • BZP • MBZP • mCPP • MDBZP • MeOPP • pFPP ; Others : 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene • 2-Aminoindane • 2-Aminotetralin • 2-Benzylpiperidine • 4-Benzylpiperidine • 5-IAI • Clofenciclan • Cyclopentamine • Cypenamine • Cyprodenate • Feprosidnine • Gilutensin • Heptaminol • Hexacyclonate • Indanorex • Isometheptene • Methylhexanamine • Octodrine • Phthalimidopropiophenone • Propylhexedrine (Levopropylhexedrine ) • Tuaminoheptane
Dopaminergics
Receptor ligands
Agonists
Adamantanes : Amantadine • Memantine • Rimantadine ; Aminotetralins : 7-OH-DPAT • 8-OH-PBZI • Rotigotine • UH-232 ; Benzazepines : 6-Br-APB • Fenoldopam • SKF-38,393 • SKF-77,434 • SKF-81,297 • SKF-82,958 • SKF-83,959 ; Ergolines : Bromocriptine • Cabergoline • Dihydroergocryptine • Lisuride • LSD • Pergolide ; Dihydrexidine derivatives : 2-OH-NPA • A-86,929 • Ciladopa • Dihydrexidine • Dinapsoline • Dinoxyline • Doxanthrine ; Others : A-68,930 • A-77,636 • A-412,997 • ABT-670 • ABT-724 • Aplindore • Apomorphine • Aripiprazole • Bifeprunox • BP-897 • CY-208,243 • Dizocilpine • Etilevodopa • Flibanserin • Ketamine • Melevodopa • Modafinil • Pardoprunox • Phencyclidine • PD-128,907 • PD-168,077 • PF-219,061 • Piribedil • Pramipexole • Propylnorapomorphine • Pukateine • Quinagolide • Quinelorane • Quinpirole • RDS-127 • Ro10-5824 • Ropinirole • Rotigotine • Roxindole • Salvinorin A • SKF-89,145 • Sumanirole • Terguride • Umespirone • WAY-100,635
Typical antipsychotics : Acepromazine • Azaperone • Benperidol • Bromperidol • Clopenthixol • Chlorpromazine • Chlorprothixene • Droperidol • Flupentixol • Fluphenazine • Fluspirilene • Haloperidol • Loxapine • Mesoridazine • Methotrimeprazine • Nemonapride • Penfluridol • Perazine • Periciazine • Perphenazine • Pimozide • Prochlorperazine • Promazine • Sulforidazine • Sulpiride • Sultopride • Thioridazine • Thiothixene • Trifluoperazine • Triflupromazine • Trifluperidol • Zuclopenthixol ; Atypical antipsychotics : Amisulpride • Asenapine • Blonanserin • Carpipramine • Clocapramine • Clozapine • Gevotroline • Iloperidone • Lurasidone • Melperone • Molindone • Mosapramine • Ocaperidone • Olanzapine • Paliperidone • Perospirone • Piquindone • Quetiapine • Remoxipride • Risperidone • Sertindole • Tiospirone • Ziprasidone • Zotepine ; Antiemetics : AS-8112 • Alizapride • Bromopride • Clebopride • Domperidone • Metoclopramide • Thiethylperazine ; Others : Amoxapine • Buspirone • Butaclamol • Ecopipam • EEDQ • Eticlopride • Fananserin • L-745,870 • Nafadotride • Nuciferine • PNU-99,194 • Raclopride • Sarizotan • SB-277,011-A • SCH-23,390 • SKF-83,566 • SKF-83,959 • Sonepiprazole • Spiperone • Spiroxatrine • Stepholidine • Tetrahydropalmatine • Tiapride • UH-232 • Yohimbine
Reuptake inhibitors
Plasmalemmal
Piperazines : DBL-583 • GBR-12,935 • Nefazodone • Vanoxerine ; Piperidines : BTCP • Desoxypipradrol • Dextromethylphenidate • Difemetorex • Ethylphenidate • Methylnaphthidate • Methylphenidate • Phencyclidine • Pipradrol ; Pyrrolidines : Diphenylprolinol • Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) • Naphyrone • Prolintane • Pyrovalerone ; Tropanes : β-CPPIT • Altropane • Brasofensine • CFT • Cocaine • Dichloropane • Difluoropine • FE-β-CPPIT • FP-β-CPPIT • Ioflupane (123 I) • Iometopane • RTI-112 • RTI-113 • RTI-121 • RTI-126 • RTI-150 • RTI-177 • RTI-229 • RTI-336 • Tenocyclidine • Tesofensine • Troparil • Tropoxane • WF-11 • WF-23 • WF-31 • WF-33 ; Others : Adrafinil • Armodafinil • Amfonelic acid • Amineptine • Benzatropine (Benztropine) • Bromantane • BTQ • BTS-74,398 • Bupropion (Amfebutamone) • Ciclazindol • Diclofensine • Dimethocaine • Diphenylpyraline • Dizocilpine • DOV-102,677 • DOV-21,947 • DOV-216,303 • Etybenzatropine (Ethylbenztropine) • EXP-561 • Fencamine • Fencamfamine • Fezolamine • GYKI-52,895 • Indatraline • Ketamine • Lefetamine • Levophacetoperane • LR-5182 • Manifaxine • Mazindol • Medifoxamine • Mesocarb • Modafinil • Nefopam • Nomifensine • NS-2359 • O-2172 • Pridefrine • Propylamphetamine • Radafaxine • SEP-225,289 • SEP-227,162 • Sertraline • Sibutramine • Tametraline • Tripelennamine
Releasing agents
Morpholines : Fenbutrazate • Morazone • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine ; Oxazolines : 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) • Aminorex • Clominorex • Cyclazodone • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone ; Phenethylamines (also amphetamines , cathinones , phentermines , etc): 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine (2-OH-PEA) • 4-CAB • 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) • 4-Methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA) • Alfetamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amfepramone • Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine , Levoamphetamine ) • Amphetaminil • β-Methylphenethylamine (β-Me-PEA) • Benzodioxolylbutanamine (BDB) • Benzodioxolylhydroxybutanamine (BOH) • Benzphetamine • Buphedrone • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Clobenzorex • Clortermine • D-Deprenyl • Dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) • Dimethoxymethamphetamine (DMMA) • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, metamfepramone) • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine • Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (EBDB) • Ethylone • Famprofazone • Fenethylline • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Hordenine • Lophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine , Levomethamphetamine ) • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • Methedrone • Methoxymethylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) • Methoxymethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDMA) • Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB) • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA, tenamfetamine) • Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) • Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine (MDOH) • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) • Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine (MDMPEA, homarylamine) • Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA, homopiperonylamine) • Methylone • Ortetamine • Parabromoamphetamine (PBA) • Parachloroamphetamine (PCA) • Parafluoroamphetamine (PFA) • Parafluoromethamphetamine (PFMA) • Parahydroxyamphetamine (PHA) • Paraiodoamphetamine (PIA) • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine) • Phenethylamine (PEA) • Pholedrine • Phenpromethamine • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Tiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tyramine (TRA) • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine ; Piperazines : 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromobenzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) • Benzylpiperazine (BZP) • Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP, paraperazine) • Methylbenzylpiperazine (MBZP) • Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP, piperonylpiperazine); Others : 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-ADN) • 2-Aminoindane (2-AI) • 2-Aminotetralin (2-AT) • 4-Benzylpiperidine (4-BP) • 5-IAI • Clofenciclan • Cyclopentamine • Cypenamine • Cyprodenate • Feprosidnine • Gilutensin • Heptaminol • Hexacyclonate • Indanylaminopropane (IAP) • Indanorex • Isometheptene • Methylhexanamine • Naphthylaminopropane (NAP) • Octodrine • Phthalimidopropiophenone • Propylhexedrine (Levopropylhexedrine ) • Tuaminoheptane (Tuamine)
Histaminergics
Receptor ligands
Agonists : 2-Pyridylethylamine • Betahistine • Histamine • HTMT • UR-AK49 Antagonists : 1st generation : 4-Methyldiphenhydramine • Alimemazine • Antazoline • Azatadine • Bamipine • Benzatropine (Benztropine) • Bepotastine • Bromazine • Brompheniramine • Buclizine • Captodiame • Carbinoxamine • Chlorcyclizine • Chloropyramine • Chlorothen • Chlorphenamine • Chlorphenoxamine • Cinnarizine • Clemastine • Clobenzepam • Clocinizine • Cyclizine • Cyproheptadine • Dacemazine • Deptropine • Dexbrompheniramine • Dexchlorpheniramine • Dimenhydrinate • Dimetindene • Diphenhydramine • Diphenylpyraline • Doxylamine • Embramine • Etybenzatropine (Ethylbenztropine) • Etymemazine • Histapyrrodine • Homochlorcyclizine • Hydroxyethylpromethazine • Hydroxyzine • Isopromethazine • Isothipendyl • Meclozine • Mepyramine (Pyrilamine) • Mequitazine • Methafurylene • Methapyrilene • Methdilazine • Moxastine • Niaprazine • Orphenadrine • Oxatomide • Oxomemazine • Phenindamine • Pheniramine • Phenyltoloxamine • Pimethixene • Piperoxan • Promethazine • Propiomazine • Pyrrobutamine • Talastine • Thenalidine • Thenyldiamine • Thiazinamium • Thonzylamine • Tolpropamine • Tripelennamine • Triprolidine ; 2nd generation : Acrivastine • Astemizole • Azelastine • Cetirizine • Clemizole • Clobenztropine • Ebastine • Emedastine • Epinastine • Ketotifen • Latrepirdine • Levocabastine • Loratadine • Mebhydrolin • Mizolastine • Olopatadine • Rupatadine • Setastine • Terfenadine ; 3rd generation : Desloratadine • Fexofenadine • Levocetirizine ; Miscellaneous : Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline , Doxepin , Trimipramine , etc) • Tetracyclic Antidepressants (Mianserin , Mirtazapine , etc) • Serotonin Antagonists and Reuptake Inhibitors (Trazodone , Nefazodone ) • Typical Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine , Thioridazine , etc) • Atypical Antipsychotics (Clozapine , Olanzapine , Quetiapine , etc)
H2
Agonists : Amthamine • Betazole • Dimaprit • Histamine • HTMT • Impromidine • UR-AK49 Antagonists : Bisfentidine • Burimamide • Cimetidine • Dalcotidine • Donetidine • Ebrotidine • Etintidine • Famotidine • Lafutidine • Lamtidine • Lavoltidine /Loxtidine • Lupitidine • Metiamide • Mifentidine • Niperotidine • Nizatidine • Osutidine • Oxmetidine • Pibutidine • Quisultidine /Quisultazine • Ramixotidine • Ranitidine • Roxatidine • Sufotidine • Tiotidine • Tuvatidine • Venritidine • Zaltidine
H3
Agonists : α-Methylhistamine • Cipralisant • Histamine • Imetit • Immepip • Immethridine • Methimepip • Proxyfan Antagonists : A-349,821 • A-423,579 • ABT-239 • Betahistine • Burimamide • Ciproxifan • Clobenpropit • Conessine • GSK-189,254 • Impentamine • Iodophenpropit • JNJ-5,207,852 • MK-0249 • NNC-38-1,049 • PF-03654746 • SCH-79,687 • Thioperamide • Tiprolisant • VUF-5,681
H4
Agonists : 4-Methylhistamine • Histamine • VUF-8,430 Antagonists : JNJ-7,777,120 • Thioperamide • VUF-6,002
Reuptake inhibitors
Enzyme inhibitors
HDC inhibitors
α-FMH • Brocresine • Catechin • Cyanidanol-3 • McN-A-1293 • ME • Meciadanol • Naringenin • Thiazol-4-yimethoxyamine • Tritoqualine • Zy-15,029
HNMT inhibitors
Amodiaquine • BW-301U • Diphenhydramine • Harmaline • Metoprine • Quinacrine • SKF-91,488 • Tacrine
DAO inhibitors
1,4-Diamino-2-butyne • Aminoguanidine
Others
Serotonergics
5-HT1 receptor ligands
Agonists : Azapirones : Alnespirone • Binospirone • Buspirone • Enilospirone • Eptapirone • Gepirone • Ipsapirone • Perospirone • Revospirone • Tandospirone • Tiospirone • Umespirone • Zalospirone ; Antidepressants : Etoperidone • Nefazodone • Trazodone ; Antipsychotics : Aripiprazole • Asenapine • Clozapine • Quetiapine • Ziprasidone ; Ergolines : Dihydroergotamine • Ergotamine • Lisuride • Methysergide • LSD ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MT • Bufotenin • DMT • Indorenate • Psilocin • Psilocybin ; Others : 8-OH-DPAT • Adatanserin • Befiradol • BMY-14802 • Cannabidiol • Dimemebfe • Ebalzotan • Eltoprazine • F-11,461 • F-12,826 • F-13,714 • F-14,679 • F-15,063 • F-15,599 • Flesinoxan • Flibanserin • Lesopitron • Lu AA21004 • LY-293,284 • LY-301,317 • MKC-242 • NBUMP • Osemozotan • Oxaflozane • Pardoprunox • Piclozotan • Rauwolscine • Repinotan • Roxindole • RU-24,969 • S 14,506 • S-14,671 • S-15,535 • Sarizotan • SSR-181,507 • Sunepitron • U-92,016-A • Urapidil • Vilazodone • Xaliproden • Yohimbine Antagonists : Antipsychotics : Iloperidone • Risperidone • Sertindole ; Beta blockers : Alprenolol • Cyanopindolol • Iodocyanopindolol • Oxprenolol • Pindobind • Pindolol • Propranolol • Tertatolol ; Others : AV965 • BMY-7,378 • CSP-2503 • Dotarizine • Flopropione • GR-46611 • Isamoltane • Lecozotan • Mefway • Metitepine/Methiothepin • MPPF • NAN-190 • PRX-00023 • Robalzotan • S-15535 • SB-649,915 • SDZ 216-525 • Spiperone • Spiramide • Spiroxatrine • UH-301 • WAY-100,135 • WAY-100,635 • Xylamidine
5-HT1B
Agonists : Lysergamides : Dihydroergotamine • Ergotamine • Methysergide ; Piperazines : Eltoprazine • TFMPP ; Triptans : Avitriptan • Eletriptan • Sumatriptan • Zolmitriptan ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-MT ; Others : CGS-12066A • CP-93,129 • CP-94,253 • CP-135,807 • RU-24,969 Antagonists : Lysergamides : Metergoline ; Others : AR-A000002 • Elzasonan • GR-127,935 • Isamoltane • Metitepine/Methiothepin • SB-216,641 • SB-224,289 • SB-236,057 • Yohimbine
5-HT1D
Agonists : Lysergamides : Dihydroergotamine • Methysergide ; Triptans : Almotriptan • Avitriptan • Eletriptan • Frovatriptan • Naratriptan • Rizatriptan • Sumatriptan • Zolmitriptan ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-Ethyl-DMT • 5-MT • 5-(Nonyloxy)tryptamine ; Others : CP-135,807 • CP-286,601 • GR-46611 • L-694,247 • L-772,405 • PNU-109,291 • PNU-142,633 Antagonists : Lysergamides : Metergoline ; Others : Alniditan • BRL-15,572 • Elzasonan • GR-127,935 • Ketanserin • LY-310,762 • LY-367,642 • LY-456,219 • LY-456,220 • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Ritanserin • Yohimbine • Ziprasidone
5-HT1E
Agonists : Lysergamides : Methysergide ; Triptans : Eletriptan ; Tryptamines : BRL-54443 • Tryptamine Antagonists : Metitepine/Methiothepin
5-HT1F
Agonists : Triptans : Eletriptan • Naratriptan • Sumatriptan ; Tryptamines : 5-MT ; Others : BRL-54443 • Lasmiditan • LY-334,370 Antagonists : Metitepine/Methiothepin
5-HT2 receptor ligands
Agonists : Lysergamides : ALD-52 • Ergometrine • Lisuride • LA-SS-Az • LSD • LSD-Pip • Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide • Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide • Methysergide ; Phenethylamines : 25I-NBF • 25I-NBMD • 25I-NBOH • 25I-NBOMe • 2C-B • 2C-B-FLY • 2CB-Ind • 2C-C-NBOMe • 2C-E • 2C-I • 2C-TFM-NBOMe • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-21 • 2CBCB-NBOMe • 2CBFly-NBOMe • Bromo-DragonFLY • DOB • DOC • DOI • DOM • MDA • MDMA • Mescaline • TCB-2 • TFMFly ; Piperazines : BZP • Quipazine • TFMPP ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-MeO-α-ET • 5-MeO-α-MT • 5-MeO-DET • 5-MeO-DiPT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MeO-DPT • 5-MT • α-ET • α-Methyl-5-HT • α-MT • Bufotenin • DET • DiPT • DMT • DPT • Psilocin • Psilocybin ; Others : AL-34662 • AL-37350A • Dimemebfe • Medifoxamine • Oxaflozane • PNU-22394 • RH-34 Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics : Amperozide • Aripiprazole • Carpipramine • Clocapramine • Clozapine • Gevotroline • Iloperidone • Melperone • Mosapramine • Olanzapine • Paliperidone • Pimozide • Quetiapine • Risperidone • Sertindole • Ziprasidone • Zotepine ; Typical antipsychotics : Loxapine • Pipamperone ; Antidepressants : Amitriptyline • Amoxapine • Aptazapine • Etoperidone • Mianserin • Mirtazapine • Nefazodone • Trazodone ; Others : 5-I-R91150 • AC-90179 • Adatanserin • Altanserin • AMDA • APD-215 • Blonanserin • Cinanserin • CSP-2503 • Cyproheptadine • Deramciclane • Dotarizine • Eplivanserin • Esmirtazapine • Fananserin • Flibanserin • Ketanserin • KML-010 • Lubazodone • Mepiprazole • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Nantenine • Pimavanserin • Pizotifen • Pruvanserin • Rauwolscine • Ritanserin • S-14,671 • Sarpogrelate • Setoperone • Spiperone • Spiramide • SR-46349B • Volinanserin • Xylamidine • Yohimbine
Agonists : Oxazolines : 4-Methylaminorex • Aminorex ; Phenethylamines : Chlorphentermine • Cloforex • DOB • DOC • DOI • DOM • Fenfluramine • MDA • MDMA • Norfenfluramine ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-MT • α-Methyl-5-HT ; Others : BW-723C86 • Cabergoline • mCPP • Pergolide • PNU-22394 • Ro60-0175 Antagonists : Agomelatine • Asenapine • EGIS-7625 • Ketanserin • Lisuride • LY-272,015 • Metitepine/Methiothepin • PRX-08066 • Rauwolscine • Ritanserin • RS-127,445 • Sarpogrelate • SB-200,646 • SB-204,741 • SB-206,553 • SB-215,505 • SB-221,284 • SB-228,357 • SDZ SER-082 • Tegaserod • Yohimbine
Agonists : Phenethylamines : 2C-B • 2C-E • 2C-I • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-21 • DOB • DOC • DOI • DOM • MDA • MDMA • Mescaline ; Piperazines : Aripiprazole • mCPP • TFMPP ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-MeO-α-ET • 5-MeO-α-MT • 5-MeO-DET • 5-MeO-DiPT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MeO-DPT • 5-MT • α-ET • α-Methyl-5-HT • α-MT • Bufotenin • DET • DiPT • DMT • DPT • Psilocin • Psilocybin ; Others : A-372,159 • AL-38022A • CP-809,101 • Dimemebfe • Lorcaserin • Medifoxamine • MK-212 • Org 12,962 • ORG-37,684 • Oxaflozane • PNU-22394 • Ro60-0175 • Ro60-0213 • Vabicaserin • WAY-629 • WAY-161,503 • YM-348 Antagonists : Atypical antipsychotics : Clozapine • Iloperidone • Melperone • Olanzapine • Paliperidone • Pimozide • Quetiapine • Risperidone • Sertindole • Ziprasidone • Zotepine ; Typical antipsychotics : Chlorpromazine • Loxapine • Pipamperone ; Antidepressants : Agomelatine • Amitriptyline • Amoxapine • Aptazapine • Etoperidone • Fluoxetine • Mianserin • Mirtazapine • Nefazodone • Nortriptyline • Trazodone ; Others : Adatanserin • Cinanserin • Cyproheptadine • Deramciclane • Dotarizine • Eltoprazine • Esmirtazapine • FR-260,010 • Ketanserin • Ketotifen • Latrepirdine • Lu AA24530 • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Methysergide • Pizotifen • Ritanserin • RS-102,221 • S-14,671 • SB-200,646 • SB-206,553 • SB-221,284 • SB-228,357 • SB-242,084 • SB-243,213 • SDZ SER-082 • Xylamidine
5-HT3 , 5-HT4 , 5-HT5 , 5-HT6 , 5-HT7 ligands
Agonists : Piperazines : BZP • Quipazine ; Tryptamines : 2-Methyl-5-HT • 5-CT ; Others : Chlorophenylbiguanide • Butanol • Ethanol • Halothane • Isoflurane • RS-56812 • SR-57,227 • SR-57,227-A • Toluene • Trichloroethane • Trichloroethanol • Trichloroethylene • YM-31636 Antagonists : Antiemetics : AS-8112 • Alosetron • Azasetron • Batanopride • Bemesetron • Cilansetron • Dazopride • Dolasetron • Granisetron • Lerisetron • Ondansetron • Palonosetron • Ramosetron • Renzapride • Tropisetron • Zacopride • Zatosetron ; Atypical antipsychotics : Clozapine • Olanzapine • Quetiapine ; Tetracyclic antidepressants : Amoxapine • Mianserin • Mirtazapine ; Others : CSP-2503 • ICS-205,930 • Lu AA21004 • Lu AA24530 • MDL-72,222 • Memantine • Nitrous Oxide • Ricasetron • Sevoflurane • Thujone • Xenon
5-HT4
Agonists : Gastroprokinetic Agents : Cinitapride • Cisapride • Dazopride • Metoclopramide • Mosapride • Prucalopride • Renzapride • Tegaserod • Velusetrag • Zacopride ; Others : 5-MT • BIMU8 • CJ-033,466 • PRX-03140 • RS-67333 • RS-67506 • SL65.0155 • Antagonists : GR-113,808 • GR-125,487 • L-Lysine • Piboserod • RS-39604 • RS-67532 • SB-203,186
5-HT5A
Agonists : Lysergamides : Ergotamine • LSD ; Tryptamines : 5-CT ; Others : Valerenic Acid Antagonists : Asenapine • Latrepirdine • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Ritanserin • SB-699,551 * Note that the 5-HT5B receptor is not functional in humans.
5-HT6
Agonists : Lysergamides : Dihydroergotamine • Ergotamine • Lisuride • LSD • Mesulergine • Metergoline • Methysergide ; Tryptamines : 2-Methyl-5-HT • 5-BT • 5-CT • 5-MT • Bufotenin • E-6801 • E-6837 • EMD-386,088 • EMDT • LY-586,713 • N -Methyl-5-HT • Tryptamine ; Others : WAY-181,187 • WAY-208,466 Antagonists : Antidepressants : Amitriptyline • Amoxapine • Clomipramine • Doxepin • Mianserin • Nortriptyline ; Atypical antipsychotics : Aripiprazole • Asenapine • Clozapine • Fluperlapine • Iloperidone • Olanzapine • Tiospirone ; Typical antipsychotics : Chlorpromazine • Loxapine ; Others : BGC20-760 • BVT-5182 • BVT-74316 • EGIS-12,233 • GW-742,457 • Ketanserin • Latrepirdine • Lu AE58054 • Metitepine/Methiothepin • MS-245 • PRX-07034 • Ritanserin • Ro04-6790 • Ro 63-0563 • SB-258,585 • SB-271,046 • SB-357,134 • SB-399,885 • SB-742,457
5-HT7
Agonists : Lysergamides : LSD ; Tryptamines : 5-CT • 5-MT • Bufotenin ; Others : 8-OH-DPAT • AS-19 • Bifeprunox • LP-12 • LP-44 • RU-24,969 • Sarizotan Antagonists : Lysergamides : 2-Bromo-LSD • Bromocriptine • Dihydroergotamine • Ergotamine • Mesulergine • Metergoline • Methysergide ; Antidepressants : Amitriptyline • Amoxapine • Clomipramine • Imipramine • Maprotiline • Mianserin ; Atypical antipsychotics : Amisulpride • Aripiprazole • Clozapine • Olanzapine • Risperidone • Sertindole • Tiospirone • Ziprasidone • Zotepine ; Typical antipsychotics : Chlorpromazine • Loxapine ; Others : Butaclamol • EGIS-12,233 • Ketanserin • LY-215,840 • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Pimozide • Ritanserin • SB-258,719 • SB-258,741 • SB-269,970 • SB-656,104 • SB-656,104-A • SB-691,673 • SLV-313 • SLV-314 • Spiperone • SSR-181,507
Releasing agents
Aminoindanes : 5-IAI • AMMI • ETAI • MDAI • MDMAI • MMAI • TAI ; Aminotetralins : 6-CAT • 8-OH-DPAT • MDAT • MDMAT ; Oxazolines : 4-Methylaminorex • Aminorex • Clominorex • Fluminorex ; Phenethylamines (also Amphetamines , Cathinones , Phentermines , etc): 2-Methyl-MDA • 4-CAB • 4-FA • 4-FMA • 4-HA • 4-MTA • 5-APDB • 5-Methyl-MDA • 6-APDB • 6-Methyl-MDA • AEMMA • Amiflamine • BDB • BOH • Brephedrone • Butylone • Chlorphentermine • Cloforex • Amfepramone • Metamfepramone • DFMDA • DMA • DMMA • EBDB • EDMA • Ethylone • Etolorex • Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine ) • Flephedrone • IAP • IMP • Lophophine • MBDB • MDA • MDEA • MDHMA • MDMA • MDMPEA • MDOH • MDPEA • Mephedrone • Methedrone • Methylone • MMA • MMDA • MMDMA • MMMA • NAP • Norfenfluramine • 4-TFMA • pBA • pCA • pIA • PMA • PMEA • PMMA • TAP ; Piperazines : 2C-B-BZP • 2-BZP • 3-MeOPP • BZP • DCPP • MBZP • mCPP • MDBZP • MeOPP • Mepiprazole • pCPP • pFPP • pTFMPP • TFMPP ; Tryptamines : 4-Methyl-αET • 4-Methyl-αMT • 5-CT • 5-MeO-αET • 5-MeO-αMT • 5-MT • αET • αMT • DMT • Tryptamine (itself); Others : Indeloxazine • Tramadol • Viqualine
Template:Piperazines
Template:Tricyclics