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Personality: Self concept · Personality testing · Theories · Mind-body problem

In the mid-1960s Florence L. Geis, with Richard Christie, developed a Machiavellianism Scale, a personality measure assessing a person's level of Machiavellianism. This eventually became the MACH-IV test, a twenty-statement personality inventory that is now the standard self-assessment tool of Machiavellianism. People scoring above 60 out of 100 on the MACH-IV are considered high Machs; that is, they endorsed statements such as, "Never tell anyone the real reason you did something unless it is useful to do so," (No. 1) but not ones like, "Most people are basically good and kind" (No. 4). People scoring below 60 out of 100 on the MACH-IV are considered low Machs; they tend to believe, "There is no excuse for lying to someone else," (No. 7) and, "Most people who get ahead in the world lead clean, moral lives" (No. 11).