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The '''nucleus fastigii''' is smaller than the [[nucleus dentatus]], but somewhat larger than the other two independent centers of [[gray substance]] in the [[cerebellum]], and is situated close to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior [[vermis]], and immediately over the roof of the [[fourth ventricle]], from which it is separated by a thin layer of [[white substance]].
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The '''fastigial nucleus''' or '''nucleus fastigii''' refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior [[vermis]], and immediately over the roof of the [[fourth ventricle]], from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/cere/text/P5/S/C50.htm|title=The Global Cerebellum '97|author=John K. Harting, Ph.D.|publisher=University of Wisconsin Medical School|year=1997|accessdate=2007-06-28}}</ref> It is smaller than the [[nucleus dentatus]], but somewhat larger than the [[nucleus emboliformis]] and [[nucleus globosus]], the other two independent centers of gray matter in the [[cerebellum]].
   
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==Relations and function==
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==External links==
  
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The fastigial nucleus receives its afferent input from the [[flocculonodular lobe]] and the [[vermis]]. Most of its efferent connections travel via the [[inferior cerebellar peduncle]] to the [[vestibular nuclei]], which is located at the junction of the [[pons]] and the [[medulla oblongata]].
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* [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/cere/text/P5/fastig.htm Overview at neuroanatomy.wisc.edu]
  
   
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The fastigial nucleus deals with antigravity muscle groups and other synergies involved with standing and walking.<ref>{{cite book|title=Neurology for the Boards|author=James D. Geyer, Janice M. Keating, Daniel C. Potts|publisher=Lippincott-Raven|year=1998|city=Philadelphia|page=9}}</ref>
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The fastigial nucleus contains excitatory axons which project beyond the cerebellum, unlike the Purkinje cells that convey the purely-inhibitory output of the cerebellar cortex. The likely neurotransmitters of the excitatory fastigial nucleus axons are glutamate and aspartate.
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The Purkinje cells of the cerbellar cortex project into the deep cerebellar nuclei and inhibit the excitatory output system.
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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==External links==
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* {{NeuroanatomyWisc|cere/text/P5/fastig.htm}}
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* http://www.mona.uwi.edu/fpas/courses/physiology/neurophysiology/Cerebellum.htm
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* http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section8/8ch6/s8ch6_29.htm
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* [http://www.neuinfo.org/nif/nifgwt.html?query=%22Fastigial%20Nucleus%22 NIF Search - Fastigial Nucleus] via the [[Neuroscience Information Framework]]
   
 
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Latest revision as of 17:34, 2 March 2010

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Brain: Fastigial nucleus
Gray707
Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagitally. (Fastigial nucleus visible but not labeled.)
[[Image:|250px|center|]]
Latin nucleus fastigii
Gray's subject #187 796
Part of cerebellum
Components
Artery
Vein
BrainInfo/UW hier-687
MeSH [1]

The fastigial nucleus or nucleus fastigii refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter.[1] It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus, the other two independent centers of gray matter in the cerebellum.

Relations and function

The fastigial nucleus receives its afferent input from the flocculonodular lobe and the vermis. Most of its efferent connections travel via the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei, which is located at the junction of the pons and the medulla oblongata.

The fastigial nucleus deals with antigravity muscle groups and other synergies involved with standing and walking.[2]

The fastigial nucleus contains excitatory axons which project beyond the cerebellum, unlike the Purkinje cells that convey the purely-inhibitory output of the cerebellar cortex. The likely neurotransmitters of the excitatory fastigial nucleus axons are glutamate and aspartate.

The Purkinje cells of the cerbellar cortex project into the deep cerebellar nuclei and inhibit the excitatory output system.

References

  1. ↑ John K. Harting, Ph.D. (1997). The Global Cerebellum '97. University of Wisconsin Medical School. URL accessed on 2007-06-28.
  2. ↑ James D. Geyer, Janice M. Keating, Daniel C. Potts (1998). Neurology for the Boards, Lippincott-Raven.

External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.


v·d·e
Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: cerebellum (TA 14.1.07, GA 9.788)
Surface anatomy
[. v]·[. d]·[. e]

Lobes
  • Primary fissure
Medial/lateral
  • Vermis: anterior
    • Central lobule
    • Culmen
    • Lingula
  • posterior
    • Folium
    • Tuber
    • Uvula
  • Vallecula of cerebellum

Grey matter
[. v]·[. d]·[. e]

Deep cerebellar nuclei
Cerebellar cortex

White matter
[. v]·[. d]·[. e]

Internal
Peduncles
v·d·e
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
Sensory/
ascending

1°: Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus

2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)

3°: → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus


Fast/lateral

1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)

2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)

Slow/medial

1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)


Motor/
descending

Pyramidal

flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction

flexion: Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles

flexion: Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract

extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract

extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract

Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck

direct: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)

indirect: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)

nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum


Cerebellar

Afferent

Vestibular nucleus → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell

Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell

Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei

Efferent

Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex

Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex

Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nucleus

Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar

Unc. prop.

lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)

upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)

lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)

upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)


{| class="navbox collapsible nowraplinks" style="margin:auto; "
[. v]·[. d]·[. e]

M: CNS

anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

[. v]·[. d]·[. e]

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

proc, drug(N1B)

|}

de:Nucleus fastigii

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