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A '''fascia''' ( adjective '''fascial'''; from [[latin]]: "band") is a layer of fibrous [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000038763|fascia}}</ref> that permeates the human body. A fascia is a [[connective tissue]] that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as [[plastic wrap]] can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches together.<ref name="Marieb-133">{{cite book
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A '''fascia''' ( adjective '''fascial'''; from [[latin]]: "band") is a layer of fibrous [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000038763|fascia}}</ref> that permeates the human body. A fascia is a [[connective tissue]] that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches together.<ref name="Marieb-133">{{cite book
 
|title=Human anatomy & physiology
 
|title=Human anatomy & physiology
 
|author=Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja
 
|author=Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja

Latest revision as of 16:41, 22 December 2011

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Fascia
The rectus sheath, an example of a fascia.
Latin fascia
Gray's subject #104 376
System
MeSH D005205
[[Image:|190px|center|]]

A fascia ( adjective fascial; from latin: "band") is a layer of fibrous tissue[1] that permeates the human body. A fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together in much the same manner as plastic wrap can be used to hold the contents of sandwiches together.[2] It consists of several layers: a superficial fascia, a deep fascia, and a subserous (or visceral) fascia and extends uninterrupted from the head to the tip of the toes.[3]

Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fasciae are dense regular connective tissues, containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Fasciae are consequently flexible structures able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force. These collagen fibers are produced by the fibroblasts located within the fascia.[2]

Definition

There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia", and how fascia should be classified.[4] The two most common systems are:

NA 1983 TA 1997 Description Example
Superficial fascia (not considered fascia in this system) This is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis.[5] Fascia of Scarpa
Deep fascia Fascia of muscles This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. Transversalis fascia
Visceral fascia Visceral fascia, parietal fascia This suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes. Pericardium

Function

Fasciae are normally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body. Some research suggest that fasciae might be able to contract independently and thus actively influence muscle dynamics.[6]

The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae:

1.Provide a sliding and gliding environment for muscles.

2.Suspend organs in their proper place.

3.Transmit movement from muscle to the bones they are attached to.

4.Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. [7]

See also

References

  1. Template:DorlandsDict
  2. 2.0 2.1 Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2007). Human anatomy & physiology, Pearson Education.
  3. Self Myofascial Release. URL accessed on 2010-08-17.
  4. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology, 33, Thieme Stuttgart.
  5. Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, P.N.; Skandalakis, L.J.; Skandalakis, J. (2002). Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 2nd Ed., 1–2, Atlanta, GA: Springer.
  6. (2005). Active fascial contractility: Fascia may be able to contract in a smooth muscle-like manner and thereby influence musculoskeletal dynamics. Medical Hypotheses 65 (2): 273–7.
  7. Faller, A; Schuenke, M (2004) The Human Body, Thieme, p 127

External links

Look up this page on
Wiktionary: Fascia

Muscular system - edit
Muscular tissue | Muscle contraction | Muscles of the human body
Muscular types
Cardiac muscle | Skeletal muscle | Smooth muscle

Template:Neck general Template:Muscles of thorax and back

Template:Upper limb general Template:Lower limb general


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